Chapter5代词(final).ppt

代词,PRONOUNS,代 词 概 说,代词的分类 兼作代词和限定词的词,代词的分类,人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 相互代词 指示代词,疑问代词（略） 连接代词（略） 关系代词（略） 不定代词,人称代词的形式,物主代词的形式,人称代词用法补充,两个以上的人称代词并用时： 单数：按2、3、1人称排列 复数：按1、2、3人称排列 表示不祥之事、承认错误或自我批评时，说话人一般把自己放在他人之前 人称代词在数、格上的前后一致,You, Tom and I are leaving tonight. We, you and they should go there together. I and Allen broke the window. Let _ promise not to quarrel about such an unimportant matter any more. A. you and I B. I and you C. yours and me D. you and me,人称代词 it 的用法补充 强调句型中的 it 作形式主语的 it It + v. + 其他 + 作形式宾语的 it 主语+ +it +其他+,to do doing 从句,take, find make, believe think, consider,to do that,It is I that / who love you. It is me that / whom he loves. It is wrong to tell a lie. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. It is uncertain who will come. She found it difficult to convince him. I took it for granted that he knew me.,it,Use pronouns clearly!,Tom wrote to Joe while he was on vacation. While Tom was on vacation, he wrote to Joe. While Joe was on vacation, Tom wrote to him.,He likes you better than me. He likes you better than I.,He likes you better than (he likes) me.,He likes you better than I (like you).,His house is larger than I.,反身代词和相互代词,反身代词的形式： 单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 相互代词：each other, one another e.g. People should love one another.,反身代词的用法, 主语与宾语为同一人时，宾语须用反身代词 Dont overwork yourself. They ought to be ashamed of themselves. 加强语气、表示强调 I myself used to make the same mistake. Youd better go there yourselves. 含有反身代词的惯用语（PP90-91） I havent been myself for weeks. Now Im quite myself.,含有反身代词的惯用语补充,The door opened of itself. Thats a good idea in itself. He wished to have a room to himself. Poor Jane has been almost beside herself with toothache. She thought to herself, “I must study hard”. He busied himself (in) tidying up his desk. enjoy oneself, dress oneself (in), devote oneself to, apply oneself to, come to oneself ,（自动，自行）,（得要命、发狂）,（本质上）,（独自享用）,（心中想）,指 示 代 词,指示代词的形式： 第一类：this, that, these, those 第二类（其他指示代词）：so, such, the same,第一类指示代词的基本用法,主语 These are our children, David and Maria. 宾语/介词宾语 What do you think of this? Take these to your mother. 偶尔作表语 The winning numbers are these.,第一类指示代词的其他用法（P94-95）,that与those通常用以代替前面所提过的名词，以避免重复（但this和these不可以） 可数名词单数或不可数名词：that 可数名词复数：those The population of China is larger than that of India. The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.,第一类指示代词的其他用法,This 或 that可用来回指上文提到的事情，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如： I did not go. This / That made him very angry. I want to know this: Is she beautiful?,第一类指示代词的其他用法,this = the latter, that = the former Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. (this = wealth; that = health) those who = people who God helps those who help themselves.,第二类指示代词的用法,- It looks like rain. - I hope so. I may have offended, but such was not my intention. His parents believed that he was a clever boy, but he wasnt such in fact. The same might be said of this problem.,在think, believe, suppose, guess, hope后的so，指代前面提过的that从句 (I dont think so. / I hope not.),指示代词such指代前面提过的短语或从句,指示代词the same指代与前面提过的同样的事物,不 定 代 词,两类不定代词的形式 由body, one, thing构成的合成代词，如somebody, nothing, 兼作代词和限定词的词，如all, another, both,合成不定代词用法1,基本用法见p.107 something, anything, nothing, everything something和anything的区别与some 和any的区别一样；修饰这几个词的adj.应后置,合成不定代词用法-2,somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody 这些词都看作单数，后面跟单数名词；指代它们的代词常用he, he/she, they (口语) If anybody is listening, I hope he will say so. Nobody came, didnt they?,someone, anyone, no one, everyone 上述词只能指人，而分写的some one, any one, every one 既可指人，也可指物 The racoon（浣熊）ate every one of the ears of corn.,合成不定代词用法-3,合写 VS. 分写 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone之后不可接of短语，如果要接，必须采用分写的any one, every one等。 I dont know any one of them. No one之后不可接of短语，如果要接，用none. None of them can see me.,合成不定代词用法-4,合成不定代词的习惯用语,He is something of a musician. He is anything but polite. Its nothing but an ordinary watch. Mr. Smith is an engineer or something.,(有几分）,(只是）,(根本不),（之类）,兼作代词和限定词的词,some, any, no many, much, few, little all, each, none both, either, neither other, another one, several,every VS.each-1,every 用于三个（以上）“每一个”；each 用于两个（以上）“每一个” each hand VS. every finger every 强调整体，each 强调个体。 Every student in our school works hard. Each student may have one book.,当前面有 nearly 或 almost 修饰时，多用every Nearly every student works hard. Every可以用于下列表示频率的词组中，each 则不能 every other day every three weeks/every third week,every VS.each-2,every 在句中只作定语，each 可充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。 Every / Each room is clean and tidy. Each went his way. The teacher had a talk with each of them. They each gave him some advice.,every VS.each-3,否定词 not 不与 each 连用，但可以与 every 连用，表示部分否定 Not every student goes to school by bus.,every VS.each-4,all / both; either / any; neither / none,all VS. both,all 既可指复数，也可指单数，指人时一般都用复数，指事或整个事物时用单数。both 则只能指复数。 Both /All are present. All I know is that he just came back from America. all和both与否定词连用，都表示部分否定 Not all men can be masters. Both of us are not teachers.,no one VS. none-1,no one只能指人，none可用于指人或物。 no onenobody，语气比none强，后面不接of构成的短语；none通常与of连用作主语,no one VS. none-2,no one作主语时，谓语动词用单数；none后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。 No one was in the classroom. None of the money on the desk is mine. None of us speaks / speak Japanese.,用于简短回答时，none用来回答how many或how much问句；no one或nobody用来回答who问句；而nothing则用来回答what问句: How many fish did you catch? None. How much water is there in the bottle? None. Who will go to the party? No one. / Nobody. Whats in your hand? Nothing.,one 的用法-1,不定代词one可用来泛指“人们”、“任何人”，所有格形式为ones (英) 或 his (美)； One cant make an omelet without breaking eggs. 有所得必有所失。 One should take care of ones / his health.,one可用来代替上文出现过的同种类单数可数名词；其复数形式为ones，可用来代替上文出现过的同种类复数可数名词； A good writer is one who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. I dont know whe