2018_2019学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology课下能力提升（十一）（含解析）.docx

Unit 21 Human Biology 课下能力提升（十一）.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词1Your job here is only temporary,_for you will be removed from it when we have a proper post for you.2Due to bad management, company profits have been declining over the last three years.3The boy hasnt been seen for two days and there is growing concern for his safety.4All important problems must be submitted (提交) to the committee for discussion.5What he said is absurd (荒唐的); it goes against the general knowledge of science.6If an terminal (延期) isnt agreed on, this contract will no longer be in force from next month.单句语法填空1At any rate, the medicine and food will reach the farmers before the snowstorm.2On the one hand, theyd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they dont want to give up their freedom.3Tony is said to_have_gone (go) abroad for further study.4It was the first time I had_heard (hear) her sing, wasnt it?5This will be the second time that I have_gone (go) back to my hometown.6Dont worry. We can take you home in all cases.7Train services returned to normal again after the strike.8I fell into comas when the stone hit me on the head.阅读理解ASport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find fault with themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support motivates (激发) and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.语篇解读：教练和家长对于年轻运动员表现的评价是很重要的，应当给出正面鼓励，而非一味指责。1An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is to _.Amake sports less competitiveBincrease their sense of successCreduce their mental stressDmake sports more challenging解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知，stress(紧张，压力)会导致burnout(筋疲力尽，撒手不干)，所以阻止这种现象发生的有效方法就是减少他们的思想压力。2Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _.Abelieving that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentBwithout realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidenceCin order to make them remember lifes lessonsDso as to put more pressure on them解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章可知，教练和家长的注意力主要在结果上，希望运动员能赢得比赛，批评多是因为对其表现不满，希望其能做得好些。他们的主观愿望是好的，但是显然没有意识到批评可能使年轻的运动员对其从事的运动热情尽失，再也提不起兴趣。3According to the passage, parents and coaches should _.Apay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsBhelp children to win every gameCtrain children to cope with stressDenable children to understand the positive aspect of sports解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者首先指出教练和家长不应让运动成为孩子的工作， 那样就会成为孩子的一种负担。同时提到比赛的结果不如学习运动的过程重要，不管结果如何，教练和家长都要给孩子正面的鼓励而不是批评。由此可知，作者认为教练和家长应当将更多的精力放在让孩子享受运动的过程上。4The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _.Ateach young athletes how to avoid burnoutBpersuade young children not to worry about criticismCstress the importance of positive support to childrenDdiscuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement解析：选C写作目的题。本文主要论述的是教练和家长对运动员的影响，指出批评可能会使孩子丧失兴趣，应当多给运动员积极的评价，由此不难看出，本文的目的是强调正面鼓励的重要性。BAbout 15 years ago, when my children were still in elementary school, I was very active in the Parent Teacher Association. At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (课程) that the state of Michigan was presenting. Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own. My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age.Lets face it: children today have to learn and adapt to (适应) a more technological society, one where if youre not a peak performer youre just not well received. Some say that the children of today have it so much easier than 1020 years ago. Theyre given so much more, not having to work for their toys and little extras. They sit all day long in front of a computer playing games . How hard can that be?I, for one, think that todays child is missing out on so many wonderful experiences because of technology. What type of people skills are they learning? They can thumbtype faster than any other generation before them, but they cant pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation.There is an elementary school not far behind my home and I used to see children on the playground every day. Weekdays and weekends, there would be children playing, shouting with joy. But now I dont see many children there after school, nor on the weekend. Has the playground gone from our childrens life?I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw_a_shoe_at me when I say play doesnt always need to have a purpose. And it doesnt always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in todays world, the children have to be experts at multitasking (多任务处理), and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame.语篇解读：本文是议论文。现在的孩子生活富足，却缺少适当的体育锻炼和玩耍；沉迷于各种科技产品，却缺少跟人交流的能力。作者通过本文呼吁，还孩子以真正的童年。5Why was the author concerned?AThe children didnt learn much at school.BThe parents opinions were not valued by schools.CThe new curriculum was too advanced for the children.DThe children were not interested in the new curriculum.解析：选C细节理解题。由第一段的“My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age”可知，学校新引进的课程超出了孩子的水平，这是作者感到担忧的原因。6What should children learn according to the author?AHow to adapt to a technological society.BHow to communicate with others.CHow to work for toys and extras.DHow to make a telephone call.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段的“What type of people skills are they learning? . but they cant pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation”可知，当今的孩子沉湎于各种科技产品，缺乏跟人深入交流的能力。7Which of the following would the author agree with?AChildrens play should be well designed.BPlay and learning should go hand in hand.CThe multitasking ability is more important than play.DChildren should be allowed to play purposelessly.解析：选D推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，作者认为孩子应该多进行没有目的性的玩耍。 8What does the underlined part “throw a shoe at” mean in the last paragraph?ADisagree with.BLaugh at.CReject. DHit.解析：选A词义猜测题。由画线部分之后的“And it doesnt always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in todays world, the children have to be experts at multitasking .”可知，在学校里玩耍都是跟教学任务联系在一起的，所以作者提出孩子应该进行没有目的性的玩耍，很多老师一定会“不赞成”她的观点。 .语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Does the early bird catch the worm? That is not necessarily so according to recent research _1_ (conduct) by an American professor.Research shows that when work schedules agree with peoples natural sleep patterns, they produce _2_ (high) quality and more creative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier. _3_ opposite is also true when employees do not have plenty of sleep, they are more likely _4_ (make) mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries._5_ (sad), for many of us, our work schedules do not agree with our natural body clocks. Many companies start the work day too early, _6_ (put) their work schedules in disagreement with their employees body clocks. That disagreement, along with the _7_ (press) from work at all hours of the day and night, means that many pople suffer _8_ “social jetlag (社会时差)”. In other words, their bodies are always