2020版高考英语复习课时作业（十五）（含解析）北师大版必修5.docx

课时作业(十五)授课提示：对应学生用书第309页课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019郑州质量检测Chinese movie theaters are never running short of youth films. Youth (芳华), directed by Feng Xiaogang, was released in December, 2017 and hit the screen. But this one is different: It is dedicated to the youth of our parents generation.Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military art troupe (演出团), in which the soldiers duties are to sing, dance and promote culture. He Xiaoping, a newcomer, is a talented dancer. With a painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe, yet her family background makes her the laughing stock (笑柄) among the girls. The only person who is nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and unselfish man.In most youth films, the characters life paths are only influenced by their own choices. However, the young people in Youth are also a part of “the whirlwind (旋风) of historical changes”， as film critic Justin Chang wrote in the Los Angeles Times. In a period of more than 30 years, they have to experience the “cultural revolution” (19661976) and the SinoVietnamese War, during which Liu Feng loses one arm and He Xiaoping suffers from a mental illness. The disbandment (解散) of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.They all have to learn “to make peace with the past and make the most of the present”， wrote Giovanna Fulvi on the website TIFF.But theres still something that never changes about youth. No matter what time of history it is, people share the same longing for love and beauty. Sunshine, laughter and swimming pools these typical images of youth are all well kept in Mr. Fengs new film.According to , Youth is actually a nostalgic (怀旧的) and personal work that Mr. Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe. “When I look back in time, everything else in my life seems to be black and white，” he said. “The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that always remains colorful.”【语篇解读】本文是文化生活类说明文。作者介绍了冯小刚导演的芳华这部电影的背景、主要人物和内容等。在不同的历史时期，青春是有共性的。【难句分析】The disbandment (解散) of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.分析：这是一个主从复合句。句子的主干部分是The disbandment of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people; they are so familiar with是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the life and people，关系代词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语；throwing them into a new life they know nothing about是现在分词短语作结果状语。译文：文工团的解散也迫使他们不得不离开他们非常熟悉的生活和人，使他们进入了他们完全不了解的新生活。1What influenced He Xiaopings and Liu Fengs lives most?AHistorical changes.BTheir own personalities.CTheir family backgrounds.DTheir longing for love and beauty.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“However, the young people in Youth are also a part of the whirlwind (旋风) of historical changes”可知，历史的变化对芳华中的年轻人的生活的影响是非常大的，故答案是A。2Why did Feng Xiaogang direct the film Youth?ATo show the cruelty of the war.BTo urge people to value their youth.CTo recall the days when he worked in a troupe.DTo describe the life during the “cultural revolution” (19661976)答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据尾段第一句“According to ifeng. com, Youth is actually a nostalgic (怀旧的) and personal work that Mr. Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe”可知，冯小刚拍摄芳华这部电影，是为了纪念自己曾经在剧团里工作过的经历，故答案是C。3What do we know about the youth in different generations according to the text?AThey all treat sunshine and laughter as the typical images of themselves.BIn our parents generation, they dont love beauty due to hard life.CThey long for totally different things varying from generation to generation.DThough they live in different times, they still have something in common.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第五段首句“But theres still something that never changes about youth”可知，关于青春，有的东西是永远不会改变的，也就是说，青春是有共性的，故答案是D。B2019山西八校联考 At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, US, oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn (畜舍). The farm is mostly empty now. Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County. As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields. But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. Theyre members of the Fayette County Livestock (FCL) Club, which showcases skills as varied as cutting wool. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids dont know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.” The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must do a sixhour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet (兽医) care. Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer. But as his land gets sold, he doesnt know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids cant just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals. There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance, dont cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isnt something you can simply abandon，” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们讲述了一群城里的孩子来到乡间农场体验不同的生活照顾农场动物的故事。【长难句分析】Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isnt something you can simply abandon.分析：本句是一个复合句，句式结构复杂。介词短语Unlike learning to shoot an arrow作状语；caring for an animal isnt something是主句；you can simply abandon是定语从句，修饰先行词something，关系代词that在从句中作abandon的宾语，故被省略了。在主句中，caring for an animal是动名词短语作主语。译文：不像学射箭，照顾一个动物可不是你能轻易放弃的事情。4What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?AAttend a class.BPay certain money.CHave varied skills.DGet special club programs.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“must do a sixhour class before they get an animal”可知，得到动物之前，孩子们必须上一节六小时的课程，这个课程可能是培训孩子们如何照顾动物的。5What do we know about the club?AThey offer services unconditionally.BThey pay for their use of the barn.CThey let mothers care for animals.DThey allow mothers to push kids.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Most are driven to the barn by their mothers”可推知，该俱乐部让孩子的妈妈督促孩子参与农场活动。故选D项。【干扰项分析】根据第三段最后一句可知，俱乐部不是无条件提供服务的，排除A项；根据第四段中的“Mahan lets the group use the barn for free”可排除B项；C项文中没有提及。6How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience?ASuspicious.BMoved.CAppreciative. DOpposed.答案与解析：C考查观点态度。最后一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用Carly Playforth的话为的是进一步说明照顾动物教会孩子们的珍贵东西，比如责任。由此可知，Carly Playforth对这种经历是赞赏的(Appreciative)。7What is the passage mainly about?AKids life on a sold farm.BValuable lessons learned on the farm.CA special club intended for Lexington kids.DA club activity of caring for farm animals.答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，本文重点介绍的是FCL俱乐部借助一个农场举办的活动让孩子们亲自照顾动物，在这一过程中，孩子们受益匪浅。故D项概括最为全面。C2019临沂高考模拟 Scientists have discovered evidence that some of the earliest members of the human race, Homo sapiens (智人), were surprisingly advanced. These early humans knew how to use color pigments (色素) found in nature, create advanced tools and trade for supplies with other groups of people. The scientists examined artifacts (手工艺品) recovered from southern Kenya. Some of the objects are said to date back to 320 000 years ago. They are about the same age as the earliestknown Homo sapiens fossils found in other parts of Africa. The researchers described an ochre pigment that produced a brightred color. They say this pigment could have been used for body painting. They found tools made from obsidian, a volcanic rock that can have an extremely sharp edge. They also found evidence of obsidian being transported to a place, up to 88 kilometers away from where the rock was found. This discovery led the scientists to believe it had come from another group through trade. But they did not know what was provided in exchange for the obsidian. Rick Potts believes that these newly identified mental and social abilities including recognition of “distant groups, use of pigments and technologies including projectile points were at the foundation of our species origin”. Speaking of the pigment, Alison Brooks said, “The choice of importing the ochre from a distance rather than using a more common local material. argues that having a red face or hair or clothing or weapons also carried a symbolic message of some sort.” The researchers described the obsidian tools they found as smaller, of better quality, and more specialized than larger stone tools used by earlier human species. The obsidian was used in a number of tools with sharp or pointy edges. The rock was also found in small, sharp points that could be placed at the end of a piece of wood or bone for use as a weapon.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家用实例证明了早期人类并不是我们想象中的那么简单。【长难句分析】They also found evidence of obsidian being transported to a place, up to 88 kilometers away from where the rock was found. (第三段第四句)分析：where引导宾语从句，作介词from的宾语。译文：他们还发现黑曜石被运送到一个距岩石被发现的地点88公里处的地方。【词汇积累】evidence n证据create v创造foundation n基础8What do we know about early humans from the passage?AThey were not as simple as one would think.BThey were as intelligent as we are today.CThey could produce color pigments.DThey could make weapons we cant.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，科学家们已经发现证据证明早期人类拥有智慧和高级技能。由此可推知，早期人类并不像我们所想的那么简单。故选择A项。9What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe evidence. BThe pigment.CThe tool. DThe rock.答案与解析：D考查指代判断。根据第三段中的“They found tools made from obsidian, a volcanic rock that can have an extremely sharp edge. They also found evidence of obsidian being transported to a place, up to 88 kilometers away from where the rock was found. This discovery led the scientists to believe it had come from another group through trade.”(译文：他们发现一种由黑曜石制成的工具，黑曜石是一种具有非常锐利的边缘的火山岩。他们还发现黑曜石被运送到一个距岩石被发现地点88公里处的地方。这一发现使科学家们相信它是从另一个群体通过贸易而来的。)可知，画线词“it”指代的是“the rock”。故选择D项。10Why are Rick Potts and Alison Brooks words mentioned?ATo state facts of early humans communication.BTo tell us early humans could make tools.CTo prove some early humans good development.DTo list some examples of early humans abilities.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者引用Rick Potts和Alison Brooks的话是为了表明早期人类有较好的发展水平。故选择C项。11Which of the following is TRUE of obsidian according to the text?AIt was not sharp.BIt was made of wood or bone.CIt was a kind of pigments.DIt was used much by early humans.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。由最后一段中的“The researchers described the obsidian tools they found as smaller, of better quality, and more specialized than larger stone tools used by earlier human species.”可推知，早期人类经常使用黑曜石。故选择D项。D2019江西名校联盟检测 Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safely, by looking both ways for cars. But do they also teach them to put away their cell phones? The city of Honolulu, Hawaii wants everyone to learn that lesson. Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city. Beginning on October 24, you could be fined from $15 to $99 if you step onto a Honolulu street while looking at your phone. Honolulu is the first major US. city to ban what is called “distracted walking”. It recently passed a law in a seventotwo vote. The law says: “No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device (装置)” In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the street or you could be fined. The laws creators hope it will lower the number of people hit and killed by cars in the city. Mayor Kirk Caldwell told Reuters news agency, “We hold the unfortunate distinction of being a major city with more pedestrians being hit in crosswalks, particularly our seniors, than that of almost any other cities in the country.” The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cell phones, tablets, gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop computers. The law does permit an exception. Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers. Pedestrian deaths have been increasing as the use of cell phones rises. The Governors Highway Safety Association, or GHSA, says pedestrian deaths in the United States increased by 25 percent between 2010 and 2015. That trend continued in 2016 with the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6,000, 11% higher than that in 2015. Other US. cities may follow Honolulu. The State of Washington was the first to outlaw distracted driving back in 2007. Now, 46 other states as well as D. C， Puerto Rico, Guam and the US. Virgin Islands, also have laws against texting while driving.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国夏威夷的城市Honolulu通过立法禁止人们过马路时看电子设备的相关信息。12Whats the passage mainly about?AHonolulu will ban distracted walking.BTexting while walking draws public attention.CMore cities in the US. will ban texting while driving.DThe number of people killed by cars in Honolulu is increasing.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Honolulu通过立法禁止人们过马路时看电子设备的相关信息。根据第二段第二至四句可知，A项正确。13In what case can people use electric devices in Honolulu streets?AWalking with police officers.BMaking urgent calls.CHelping rescue workers.DTexting to consult about emergency services.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“The law does permit an exception. Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers”可知，在马路上当行人遇到紧急状况需要给应急服务机构打电话的时候，不会受到惩罚，故答案为B。14What does the author convey in Paragraph 5?ATexting while walking should be banned quickly.BDistracted walking caused a severe problem in Honolulu.CCell phones led to more and more pedestrian deaths in the US.DPedestrian deaths were caused by texting while walking.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。文章的第五段用数据说明随着手机的使用增加，行人的死亡数量也日益增加，即在美国手机造成了越来越多的行人死亡。15Which US. state was the first to ban texting while driving?AHawaii. BWashington.CPuerto Rico. DGuam.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中的“The State of Washington was the first to outlaw distracted driving back in 2007”可知，华盛顿州是第一个把“分心驾驶”列为非法行为的州，故答案为B。注意：虽然outlaw是生词，但是根据文章最后一句中的“also have laws against texting while driving”便可推知，“outlaw distracted driving”与之意思是一样的。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019青岛统一检测 In any college application process, the interview is very important. A quick look at interview tips will tell you to smile, make eye contact, and shake the interviewers hand firmly. _1_ So, what should you do? The interviewer must decide if youre a good fit for the university. _2_ _3_ Interviewers are constantly surprised by how many really smart and hardworking students do so little research before they go into their interview. You should, for example, find out where your interviewer is from, what he or she studied, and maybe even find publications he or she has written. This can be done easily by searching for a few minutes online. More importantly, you should do a lot of research on the university beyond simply knowing its ranking in league tables. Interviewers hate when you say you want to go to their university just because its famous. _4_ After all, you would want this school to choose you over another excellent Chinese student. Finally, make sure you “do your homework”. If youre interested in biology, be sure to know the biology professors names. If youre interested in hiking and camping, be sure to know the name of the outdoors club at the school. _5_ARemember that preparation is the key.BThey will lead to your success in the interview.CThat means its important to succeed as socially welladjusted.DTie your interests and goals to what the school in particular has to offer.EFirst of all, dress appropriately to leave a good impression.FUnfortunately, few tell you what it is that the interviewer is really looking for.GInstead, you should explain why you chose them over other great universities.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在申请自己喜欢的大学的过程中，面试很重要。本文主要介绍了在去面试之前你需要准备哪些事情。【长难句分析】Interviewers are constantly surprised by how many really smart and hardworking students do so little research before they go into their interview.(第五段第二句)分析：本句是主从复合句。how引导宾语从句，作介词by的宾语；before引导时间状语从句。译文：面试官经常惊讶有多少很聪明和勤奋的学生在他们面试之前很少做研究。【词汇积累】contact n接触；联系constantly adv.经常地，持续不断地publication n出版；出版物1答案与解析：F根据空格前一句“A quick look at interview tips will tell you to smile, make eye contact, and shake the interviewers hand firmly.”可知，快速浏览一下面试技巧会告诉你要微笑，要有眼神接触，要坚定地和面试官握手；根据第三段“So, what should you do？”可知，F项“不幸的是，很少有人告诉你什么是面试官真正想要的”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。2答案与解析：C根据空格前一句“The interviewer must decide if youre a good fit for the university.”可知，面试官会决定你是否适合上这所大学。C项承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。3答案与解析：A本段主要讲述了为什么在面试之前做好准备非常重要。A项“记住做好准备是非常重要的”概括了本段内容，符合语境。故选A项。4答案与解析：G根据空格前一句“Interviewers hate when you say you want to go to their university just because its famous.”可知，面试官不喜欢你说想去他们的大学仅仅因为它出名。G项“相反，你应该解释你为什么选择它们而不是其他好的大学”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。5答案与解析：D根据空格前一句“If youre interested in hiking and camping, be sure to know the name of the outdoors club at the school.”可知，如果你对徒步旅行和露营感兴趣，一定要知道学校户外俱乐部的名称。D项“把你的兴趣和目标与学校特别提供的东西相结合起来”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：30分钟)英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小