2020版高考英语复习课时作业（十二）（含解析）北师大版必修4.docx

课时作业(十二)授课提示：对应学生用书第291页课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019赣州联考The Anchorage Museum is expanding to the north with the addition of 25,000 square feet of new gallery space for the museums art collection and exploration of art of the north.Construction timeline: February 2016September 2017.Focus: This expansion is about more than bringing works from the collection out on public view. Its also about creating a wonderful description for the north through the lens (镜头) of art and furthering the museums mission of expanding awareness of the north, its landscape and cultures.An expanded museum will：Provide greater public access to the museums art collectionCreate physical space for each kind of the museums mission art, history, science, cultureTell the story of the north and Alaska through art that represents their landscape and peopleCreate positive, engaging and relevant museum experiencesHelp museum visitors understand Alaska and the north through a variety of experiencesConnect people and encourage global dialogue about the north and its different environmentProject partners: The $24 million expansion is funded entirely by private dollars, including $12 million gifts from both the Rasmuson family and the Rasmuson Foundation.Anchorage Museum625 C StreetAnchorage, AK 995019079299200 | General9079299228 | MembershipAdmission：Member: FreeAdult: $15Senior, Student: $10Child 312: $72 and younger: Free【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了Anchorage Museum扩建的相关事项。1What is the aim of the expansion?ATo make the museum unique.BTo reward the project partners.CTo make the public know the north better.DTo bring works from the collection out on public view.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据Focus部分中的“Its also about creating a wonderful description for the north through the lens (镜头) of art and furthering the museums mission of expanding awareness of the north, its landscape and cultures”可知，这次扩建也是关于通过艺术的镜头创造一个关于北方的精彩的描述并推进博物馆提高对北方及其景观和文化的意识的使命，也就是让公众更好地了解北方，故选C。2What is the deadline of the construction?AIn September 2017.BIn February 2017.CIn May 2017.DIn April 2017.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据文中的“Construction timeline: February 2016September 2017”可知，扩建的截止时间是2017年9月，故选A。3Through the expansion, the museum may hope that _.Amore people will travel to AlaskaBmuch money will be donated to the museumCinternational attention will be paid to the northDlocal people will become the members of the museum答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据文中的“Connect people and encourage global dialogue about the north and its different environment”可知，扩建后的博物馆希望把人们联系起来，鼓励(人们)就北方及其不一样的环境进行全球对话，由此可推断出博物馆希望通过扩建让北方得到全球的关注，故选C。4If Jack visits the museum with two high school students and his 5yearold son, he should pay _.A$30B$36C$40 D$42答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据Admission部分可知，Jack和两个高中生及他5岁的儿子去博物馆应付151010742(美元)，故选D。B2019济南高考模拟 At 1,345 meters above sea level, Ben Nevis is definitely not the worlds most difficult mountain to climb. But things get considerably tricky if instead of hiking shoes you put on a pair of 5inch high heels, especially if youre a guy. One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible. Ben Conway, a 19yearold art student from London, recently took up the challenge as a way to stand out in an application for a scholarship for the School of Communication Arts in Brixton. He started his unusual highheel climb at 8 am., on June 27, and was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen, a friend from his art foundation year, who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project. The whole climb took five hours and wasnt the smoothest experience. Halfway up Ben Navis, one of his shoes broke, so he had to tape the shoes to his feet to make sure they stayed on. The weather didnt make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions, Ben and his friend had to turn back after reaching 900 meters up the mountain. Apart from providing a unique art school application project, the highheel climb also allowed the 19yearold to raise some money for worthy causes, like Sals Shoes, which provides footwear for barefoot children around the world. “Raising money for charity brings happiness to peoples lives and if I can do something ridiculous and bring someone happiness, then thats what its all about，” Ben said.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了19岁的英国学生Ben Conway穿5英寸(约13厘米)的高跟鞋爬海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山的故事。【长难句分析】The weather didnt make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. 分析：本句中The weather为主语；make it easy为“动词make宾语宾补”结构；as引导原因状语从句。译文：天气也并没有使他的爬山变得容易，因为他说天几乎一直在下雨，而且他不得不顶着每小时40到50英里的风前行。5What can replace the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 1?APleasant. BBoring.CTough. DSmooth.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“At 1,345 meters above sea level, Ben Nevis is definitely not the worlds most difficult mountain to climb”可知，海拔1 345米的本尼维斯山绝对不是世界上最难攀爬的山峰。根据画线词所在句中的“But”可知，前后句为转折关系，且根据前一句中的“difficult”及后一句中的“impossible”可知，画线词所在句表示，但是如果不是穿登山鞋而是穿一双5英寸的高跟鞋的话，特别是对一个男人来说，事情就相当难办了。因此画线词tricky的意思为“难办的，棘手的”，故选C项。【干扰项分析】A项pleasant“令人愉快的，舒适的”；B项boring“枯燥的”；D项smooth“顺利的，光滑的”。6Why did Allen videotape the highheel climb for Ben?ATo prove nothing is impossible.BTo record a special experience.CTo promote their friendship.DTo assist in Bens application.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He started. was joined by Callum MacKenzie Allen, a friend from his art foundation year, who videotaped the whole thing for a twominute video that served as his application project”可知，Allen录下Ben穿高跟鞋爬山的过程是为了协助Ben进行奖学金的申请，故选D项。7What does Paragraph 3 focus on?AThe difficulties in the climb.BThe climbing route.CThe terrible weather.DThe unexpected incident.答案与解析：A考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Halfway up Ben Navis, one of his shoes broke. The weather didnt make it easy for him either, as he claimed that it rained pretty much the whole time, and he had to go against 40 to 50 miles an hour winds. Due to these difficult conditions”可知，Ben在穿高跟鞋爬山过程中高跟鞋坏了一只、天几乎一直在下雨、顶着每小时40至50英里的风，因此第三段主要写的是Ben在爬山过程中遇到的困难，故选A项。8What can best describe Bens story?APuzzling. BInspiring.CExciting. DFrightening.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。通读全文并根据第一段中的“One English teenager recently proved that it was not impossible”可知，Ben的故事向我们证明困难的事情是可以做到的，他的故事是鼓舞人心的，故选B项。C2019长沙名校实验班测试With stress levels reaching new highs, its important for business owners to take steps to control and reduce their stress. Its good for owners and for their business. Small and mediumsized business (SMB) owners are some of the most stressed out workers in the US. Not only do they feel the pressure of sustaining (维持) and growing their business, SMB owners also face the greatest business challenges from expanding sales channels to increasing tax complexities.Stress of employers and employees can cost your company 50 percent more in health insurance costs. Additionally, the serious health problems associated with stress could have a lasting, bad influence on your business. Finally, suffering high levels of stress means you arent taking the time to think creatively about how to grow or adapt your business to shifts in consumer habits or the competitive landscape (局面)When you take steps to decrease stress, your productivity increases and your business takes off. International studies have found that increased stress causes reduced productivity, while decreased stress lead to increased productivity. Reduced stress has great effects energetic and active individuals positively affect the productivity of those around them.This is especially important to business owners who are the leaders of their company and staff. In addition to decreasing stress, a quick thinking session can immediately improve your decisionmaking and creative thinking. Large companies, including AOL and McKinsey & Company, have experienced increased sales performance as a result of thinking sessions introduced into the workday.【语篇解读】本文是议论文，分析了压力对现今美国中小型企业主的影响，并提出了减小压力的办法以及因此带来的好处。9Why are SMB owners suffering great pressure?ABecause they need to expand their business abroad.BBecause they cant afford the increasing tax.CBecause they dont take steps to control stress.DBecause they can hardly bring in more profits.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句“Not only do they feel the pressure of sustaining (维持) and growing their business, SMB owners also face the greatest business challenges from expanding sales channels to increasing tax complexities”可知，中小型企业主不但有维持并扩大企业的压力，同时也面临扩展销售渠道和不断增加的税收难题的挑战。概括来说，他们在增加企业利润上有压力，D项与此信息匹配。10What is the consequence of high levels of stress?AIncreasing unemployment.BUnawareness of a healthy body.CDecrease in the levels of productivity.DAlarming rate of death.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句中的“International studies have found that increased stress causes reduced productivity”可知答案。11What does the underlined word “them” refer to?AEnergetic and active individuals.BLeaders and staff.CDecreased stress levels.DBusiness owners.答案与解析：A考查代词指代。画线词所在句表示“压力减小有重要影响精力充沛且积极主动的人能积极地影响他们周围的人的生产效率”，故them指的是energetic and active individuals。D2019四川省重点中学评估 We all have our own tricks to cheer up when were feeling down; these little tricks can make you feel a little bit happier every day. While there are certainly happy memories tied up in the wedding ring you and your spouse (配偶) purchased together years ago or your teddy bear from childhood, new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of wellbeing when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a thing, even if it holds great value. The report, called Places That Make Us, was conducted by National Trusts and Surrey Universitys researchers. Experts performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (磁共振成像) scans on 20 volunteers and conducted an online survey of 2,000 people to better understand this deep draw toward special places. “Working with leading researchers and academics, and using cuttingedge MRI brain technology, we examined how places affect people, how they become special, and why we feel a pull towards them，” explained Nino Strachey, head of research for the National Trust. The 20 volunteers were shown images of landscapes, houses, and other locations, as well as personally meaningful objects. Measuring their brain activity, the researchers found that it was the places, as opposed to the objects, that caused the brain to get the most excited. Volunteers were also interviewed at great length two times, once at home and the other time at their special place. The research made discoveries that had never known before the favorite places awoke feelings of belonging, physical and emotional safety, and an intense internal pull to the place. Dr. Andy Myers weighed_in_on the research, saying, “For the first time we have been able to prove the physical and emotional benefits of places, far beyond any research that has been done before.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了回忆某个与美好时光相关的地方时，我们会感到平静，幸福感也更加强烈。【长难句分析】Measuring their brain activity, the researchers found that it was the places, as opposed to the objects, that caused the brain to get the most excited.分析：这是一个复合句。the researchers found是主句，it was the places, as opposed to the objects, that caused the brain to get the most excited是宾语从句。Measuring their brain activity是非谓语动词作状语，it was. that. 是强调句式。译文：通过检测他们的大脑活动，研究人员发现能使大脑最为兴奋的是这些地方，而不是物品。12How was the research conducted?ABy performing MRI on 2,000 volunteers.BBy measuring the participants brain by MRI.CBy doing rough interviews with the participants.DBy showing meaningful objects to the participants.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Experts performed. on 20 volunteers”和第三段中的“using cuttingedge MRI brain technology”可知，研究者使用磁共振成像检测技术对参与者的大脑进行检测，故选B项。13How would the author feel about the findings of the study?AIt is pioneering. BIt is groundless.CIt is imperfect. DIt is uncommon.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“The research made discoveries that had never known before”可知，该研究的发现是前所未有的，故pioneering“开创性的，先驱的”符合题意。14What does the underlined phrase “weighed in on” mean?AThink highly of. BLook down on.CPay attention to. DMake fun of.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据最后一段Dr. Andy Myers的话“For the first time we have been able to prove the physical and emotional benefits of places, far beyond any research that has been done before”可推知，Dr. Andy Myers认为这个研究开辟了先河，比之前的任何研究都好，所以对它“高度评价”。15What does the text mainly talk about?AEveryone has his way to be happy.BValuable places can make people happy.CTeddy bears are best memories for children.DMeaningful objects lead to greater wellbeing.答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of wellbeing when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a thing”及下文的内容可知，本文主要讲的是与某件物品相比，当我们集中精神回忆某个与美好时光相关的地方时，我们尤其会感到平静，幸福感也更加强烈。所以选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019临沂高考模拟 Living in society of high pace, faced with so much work and so many challenges, you may find it more and more stressed. _1_. Spend some time with the little people in your life Studies show that being with their families is what children like best. Hang out with your kids, grandchildren, nieces, or nephews to cheer yourself up and bring them happiness too. Take a chance _2_， but fear of rejection prevents you from taking the courage. Sound familiar? According to Working Mother magazine, if being afraid of disappointment keeps you from taking chances, youre actually making yourself less happy by holding back. Next time, go for it. If you get what you wanted, youll be thrilled._3_. Its not simply having money that matters, its how you choose to spend it. If you enjoy baking, buying yourself that fancy mixer youve always wanted will certainly cheer you up. But spending your money on other people, research suggests, might make you even happier. Doodle (涂鸦) This one may sound nonsense, but making those little stars, flowers, and smiling faces on your notebook actually makes you happier. _4_， channel your inner Charles Schulz (the creator of Snoopy) and entertain yourself. Take a quick holiday _5_. Whats new, however, is that the length of the vacation doesnt necessarily matter. According to a recent article in the Journal of Happiness Studies, the pleasure we obtain from getting away from it all isnt measurably different whether we take off for a week or a weekend.ATake money seriouslyBBuy some happinessCDreaming of taking a chanceDThe next time youre stuck in a boring meetingEIts not surprising that vacations help us build up happinessFYouve been dying to ask your boss for a raise and a promotionGNow, I will show you several tips to help you build up happiness【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，告诉我们如何在快节奏的社会中释放压力并增强幸福感。【亮点句积累】Studies show that being with their families is what children like best.(第二段第一句)译文：研究表明，孩子们最喜欢和家人们待在一起。【词汇积累】challenge n挑战measurably adv.明显地cheer up振奋起来1答案与解析：G根据下文每段的小标题可知，空格处为过渡句。G项意为“现在，我会给你几个帮助你增强幸福感的建议”，承上启下，符合语境。故选择G项。2答案与解析：F根据空格处后的“but fear of rejection”及下文可知，本段介绍要尝试做一些事情，抓住机会；这和F项“你一直渴望向你的老板提出涨工资和升职的要求”逻辑一致。故选择F项。3答案与解析：B根据本段最后一句“But spending your money on other people, research suggests, might make you even happier.”可知，把钱花在别人身上可能会使你更加快乐，所以此处指购买快乐。B项符合本段主旨。故选择B项。4答案与解析：D根据本段小标题“Doodle(涂鸦)”可知，D项作为前提假设更为合理，指下次遇到无聊的会议时，就可以涂鸦，使自己快乐起来。故选择D项。5答案与解析：E根据本段小标题“Take a quick holiday”可知，E项“假期能帮助我们增强幸福感，这并不使人惊讶”与上下文衔接紧密。故选择E项。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：30分钟)英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2019陕西省部分重点中学摸底检测Im sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart.A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a _1_. When the final moment comes before _2_， she wraps her arms around her son, giving him a _3_ hug that should protect him until he _4_.I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave _5_ because the ones I love have a different _6_ from mine.I think of other departures and arrivals. I _7_ seeing my daughter. I wrapped myself around her as if shed been _8_. That year she was in her first year at university，coming home for the first time.Today my flight is two hours late. When my flight is _9_ called，I gather up my book and luggage. _10_ there is no one to see me off，I do not _11_ to see where I have come from. _12_，I think of my husband at work _13_ if I have left yet.As I head towards the plane，I find myself _14_ yet another arrival and departure. That year，my 91yearold grandfather died. After returning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport _15_. My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms. Because of my tears, _16_ was looking at us，but I didnt _17_.Life needs the important _18_ all the time. I wish that all the people who went on a _19_ could come back to find someone _20_ them. I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off.【语篇解读】作者在机场看到迎接与送行的场景，想起与女儿和丈夫的温馨往事，意识到人生中需要欢聚与离别这些重要的时刻。【核心词汇】depart v离开，上路wrap ones arms around sb.用手臂搂住某人think of想起，记起recall doing sth.回忆起做某事1A.lectureBgoodbyeCdinner Dparty答案与解析：B结合上文中出现的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the fi