简单句的基本结构.ppt

英语句子的基本结构 简单句、并列句和复合句,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句就是指只含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。,英语简单句五种基本结构,1. S十V（主谓结构） 2. S十V十 P（主系表结构） 3. S十V十O（主谓宾结构） 4. S十V十O1十O2 （主谓双宾结构） 5. S十V十O 十C （主谓宾宾补结构） 说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语； O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语； C宾语补足语,一、S十V句式 （主谓结构）,在此句式中, V是不及物动词(vi.)。例如： Things change.事物是变化的。 Nobody went.没有人去。 -Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ -No，we flew.不，我们是飞去。 He runs quickly. 他跑得快。 They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。 My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。,二、S十V十P句式 （主系表结构）,在此句式中, V是系动词(link v.), 常见的系动词有：look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall (ill / asleep), stand/sit (still), become, turn等。例如：,Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家. He seemed interested in the book. The story sounds interesting. The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice. The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了 You have grown taller than before. He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。 He became a teacher when he grew up.,注意：有些系动词同时也是及物动词, 可构成SVO句式, 例如：,He looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。 They are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town. 他们在家乡种水稻。,三、S十V十O句式 （主谓宾结构）,在此句式中, V是及物动词(vt.), 因此有宾语。例如： I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 They found their home easily. They built a house last year. They have taken good care of the children. You should look after your children well. 你应该好好照看你的孩子。 We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。,四、S十V十O1十O2句式 （主谓双宾结构）,在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。常见的带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get等。例如： He gave the book to his sister. Ill write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。 He gave me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。 He brought me a pen/a pen to me. He offered me his seat/his seat to me.,注意下边动词改写后 介词的变化：,Mother bought me a book / a book for me. He got me a chair / a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。 Please do me a favor / a favor for me. 请帮我一下。 Id like to ask you a favor / a favor of you.,五、S十V十O 十C句式 （主谓宾宾补结构）,在此句式中, V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。宾语足补语与宾语一起构成复合宾语。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多, 哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补, 须根据动词的惯用法而定, 不能统而概论。请看下面的例子，把宾语补足语划出来：,五、S十V十O 十C句式 （主谓宾宾补结构）,They made the girl angry. They found her happy that day. I found him out. 我发现他出去了。 Please make yourselves at home. We could hear the children at play outside. He considered herself above others. They named the boy Charlie. They felt the car moving fast. I heard the glass broken just now. I advise you not to change your plan.,注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：,China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。 （China and other countries in the east Asia是并列主语） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。,简单句的五种常见基本结构在实际运用的过程中，我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。如(划线部分都是句子的附加成份)：,He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked) He is a student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student) Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子),并列句就是由并列连词把两个或多个简单句连接起来而成的句子。,常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, so, while, when等。and用作并列连词，连接两个并列句时，可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系。or可以表示并列关系，也可表示因果关系，but表示转折关系，so可表示因果关系。while可表示比较或对比，when 则表示时间，相当于and at that time(就在那时)。,Work hard, and you will succeed. (and表示因果关系) Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. (or表示因果关系) He is old, but he still works as hard as young people. Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all get on well with him. I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars. I was going to leave home when the telephone rang.,（but 表示转折）,（so 表示因果）,(when表示时间，相当于and at that time),(while表示对比),复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子,这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。常见的从句有定语从句(分限制性定从和非限制性定从), 名词从句(分主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句), 状语从句(分时间状从, 地点状从, 原因状从, 目的状从, 结果状从, 条件状从, 方式状从, 让步状从和比较状从)。从句部分一般都有引导词引导这个从句。,As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从句) What he says doesnt suit what he does. (本句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是主语从句；what he does 是宾语从句) Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表示地点的状语从句),即时练习,下列句子是属于简单句、并列句还是复合句，如果是简单句，标明属于哪一种：,1. We always work hard at English. 2. He said he didnt come. 3. I think (that) you are right. 4. What did you buy? 5. She watched her daughter playing the piano. 6. Your job today is to help the old man. 7. Speaking doesnt mean doing. 8. I work as others do. 9. He didnt stop working although he was ill. 10. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.,（主谓）,11. What a warm-hearted man he is! 12. I will tell him when he comes back. 13. How well she dances! 14. It takes me an hour to get there. 15. I found the book easy. 16. Ill let him go. 17. Living in that country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. 18. I will have my hair cut. 19. I found it difficult to learn English well. 20. Tom lent me a book.,21. The leaves turn green. 22. I gave Tom a present. 23. This is why we put off the meeting. 24. I do it because I like it. 25. Tell him to wait for us. 26. He got up early so that he could catch the bus. 27. He runs faster than you (do). 28. He got up early in order to catch the bus. 29. I will go to the park and visit it. 30. The news that they won the match is true.,31. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 32. This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago. 33. What he wants is a book. 34. He spoke so fast that I cant follow him 35. There are plenty of sheep where I live. 36. If you will go, please tell me. 37. I did my homework. 38. Have you found the book (that) you want? 39. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise. 40. It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it.,41. Whe