雅思大作文段内扩展及首尾段.ppt

TASK 2,purpose： essay/ dissertation 考查提出解决方案的能力；举例说明观点的能力；对比证据和意见的能力等,Rubric: (I6 P31) (fact+) opinion+ question+instruction You should spend about 40 minutes on this task:,Write about the following topic: Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.,To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.,大作文准备 天龙八“步”,熟读剑5，剑6范文，理解评分标准 题型 ；每种题型对应的结构 题材归类 素材 提纲（落实细节） 思维 高频短语 建立精彩句库（换写，仿写，扩写） 每2天一篇；模考；,Question types：,I Agree or Disagree? (+A or -A) -I6 P31（见上） opinion+(+A or -A) -I3 P52 fact+opinion+(+A or -A),When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent (/how far) do you agree or disagree (with this opinion)?,II Advantages Vs Disadvantages(+A or -A),I5 P53 In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. advantages and disadvantages,III Discuss Both Views (A or B),I6 P53 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both views；your opinion,IV Comparison and contrast (A or B),Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the major influence? I5 P99,V Problem + Reasons + Solutions (PRS),I4 P101 In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the cause of this? What solutions can you suggest?,评分标准三大要素：内容，结构，语言 读雅思大作文范文学习写作的内容，结构，文章行文和逻辑。,写作内容及结构：,I Agree or Disagree? (+A or -A) Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,Para1开头 指出现象/事实; restate the rubric（换词，换句型，换种说法）；字数：30-40w；,Para 2 &3正文：四种写法,一边倒： -完全同意(在开头段提出观点表同意；para2 R1；para3 R2；) -完全不同意（在开头段提出观点表不同意；para2 R1；para3 R2；） 不完全同意或不同意,- para2同意的部分；R1，2；para3不同意的部分R1,2 - para2基本赞同；R1，2; para 3 in what cases题中观点站不住脚 Para4结尾 总结以上观点 字数：30-40w,II Advantages Vs Disadvantages (+A or -A),In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.,Para1开头：指出现象/事实restate the rubric（换词，换句型，换种说法）； Para 2 advantages (2-3个) Para 3 disadvantages (2-3个),Para 4 结论：“我”的观点。偏向advantages 或disadvantages；理由（2个）；字数：50w； 注意：结论部分，无论是倾向优点还是缺点，都不要重复正文部分的语句。对策：（如：偏向优点）1.总结第二段的观点，由specific到general；2. 重复第二段观点，但要用重述法。 赞成的一边适当多写一些内容。,III Discuss Both Views (A or B) I6 P164,Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion I6 P53,开头Para1 摆现象；restate the rubric；,正文： 有倾向性； Para 2 A ，简单陈述其理由，然后针对所述理由展开驳论。 Para 3 B (理由2-3个) 注：倾向A写法正好相反,无倾向性 Para 2 A ，简单陈述其理由，然后针对所述理由展开驳论。 Para 3 B ，简单陈述其理由，然后针对所述理由展开驳论。 结论Para 4 “我”的观点。标明倾向性A or B，或者保持中立并提出自己独特的观点。,IV Comparison and contrast (A or B) Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the major influence? I5 P99 范文：I5 P169,IV Comparison and contrast (A or B) Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the major influence? I5 P99 范文：I5 P169,Para1开头 restate the rubric；指出fact(s)说明有哪些可能的选择； Para 2 为什么A，B是可能的选择， Para 3 “我”的选择(one of A，B，or none of these but another one)；R1，2 Para 4 结论 概括para2和para3的观点。,V Problem + Reasons + Solutions (PRS) In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the cause of this? What solutions can you suggest? I4 P101,Para1开头 指出problem；restate the rubric； Para 2 R1,2. Para 3 S1,2 Para 4结论 概括para2和para3的观点。 Note：S和R要一一对应。,衔接，逻辑性 1. for an essay as a whole: topic sentence (thesis statement) 2. for each paragraph: topic sentence 3. 段落间,段内都要注意衔接。标明并列，递进，转折等主要关系。 学习1篇范文，体会内容，结构及连接手段,观点前置-段内扩展：,原因Example 1:,There are more job opportunities readily available in the big cities than in the small towns.,The economic conditions in the big cities are generally better than those in the small towns, which, in return, attracts more investment from commercial corporations and companies.,Therefore, compared to most small towns, there are always more modern and international companies which can offer city residents numerous job opportunities.,Example 2:,Big cities can provide city residents with more education opportunities.,Education institutions are always built in the area with a big population with the intention of serving and educating people.,Therefore, compared with small towns, big cities always have more schools, colleges and universities which can offer many educational opportunities for both children and adults.,原因-展开的常用句型,because for the simple reason that The reason is that 无须过渡词,拟无 Example 1,The most obviously important characteristic of air plane travel is the high speed involved.,It took weeks to cross the Atlantic or Pacific oceans inside a ship. Today with the advent of airplanes in our lives, those same trips can be completed in a matter of hours.,A hundred years ago, when we didnt have the flights in the sky, and when there were only ships, the only transportation facility across the ocean, an international journey was exhausting and time-wasting.,Example 2,Eating at restaurant can save a lot of time.,We can hardly imagine the situation without restaurants in our lives. Living under the high-pressure and fast-paced living style, people have found they need restaurant when they dont have enough time to enjoy their own cooking.,Without restaurants and the services offered by them, people will have to spend long time going to groceries and cooking by themselves.,常用句型,Without If we dont have in our lives, We can not imagine the situation without,One hundred years ago when we didnt have in our lives, Things would be completely different without in our lives.,方面展开 Example 1,Compared with small towns, there are more convenient living conditions in big cities.,In the big cities, there are convenient shopping centers for people to buy daily necessities；public transportation system can transfer city residents from one place to another easily; in entertaining places citizens get fun and enjoy life; and even there are more theaters to show the latest movies,Example 2,Do you agree or disagree? A zoo has no useful purpose. (disagree),By observing and studying the behaviors and habits of animals in the zoo, we can learn the basic rules of surviving and living in the world.,A monkey has to fight to win when he decides to be a leader of the group; birds show their beautiful plume and voice if they want to attract their partners; and all the animals, if they want a life free of worries, responsibilities, and pressure, have to sacrifice their freedom.,常用句型,This reason can be reflected in the following aspects. We can see this in every aspect of First, second, in addition, moreover, also Several facts several aspects,数据：Example 1,There are more job opportunities readily available in the big cities than in the small towns.,According to the survey conducted by Tessess Data, a statistic organization, 80% commercial and industrial corporations and companies, including both domestic companies and international companies are located in the big cities, which offer more than 80% working positions for those who are working and living in the cities.,常用句型,According to a recent survey, The latest surveys show that An investigation shows that A survey was carried out on , the results of which were surprising. According to an investigation, A recent survey revealed that ,举例 Example 1,Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city.,For example, there are far more supermarkets, bus lines, theaters in Paris than in Lestie, a very small town in north France. On average people in Paris can go to theater every week to enjoy the latest movies whereas those in Lestie have to take hours of train to go to the city theaters for a movie. Generally, people in Paris can enjoy much better shopping environment than those in Lestie.,Example 2,Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live. Disagree,One example in point is Internet, one of the most pervasive modern technology in our lives, which has made our world even more complicated and isolated.,With the advent of Internet in our lives, most young people have already moved their lives to the cyber world. They study , work , chat, even game online. People lost their previous way of gaming, from which they can enjoy the fun of cooperating and communicating.,Also, they are away from the traditional way of living, from which they can enjoy the basic and simple lives of human beings.,常用句型,Instead of improving our way of living, Internet has made the world a more complicated and isolated place to live in.,The example that can support my idea is . The example of can support my idea. is a good example which can support my idea.,To support my idea, there is one good example. A good example in point is A good example is To take as an example. The most obvious example of this reason is For example, For instance, ,对比：,Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work or a small company.,Employees in the big companies can always own more chances to acquire more knowledge and experience. In big companies, professionals and experts employed can offer more expertise and skills, which you can hardly find in a small company which can barely afford to employ an expert, or where there is no need to have experts at all.,In big companies, professionals and experts employed can offer more expertise and skills, which you can hardly find in a small company which can barely afford to employ an expert, or where there is no need to have experts at all.,常用句型,However, but, in contrast on the other hand,开头段,Introduction-背景引入,In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or television or of studying at traditional schools.,We live in a world in which technology gives us many opportunities to improve every aspect of our lives, including arts, sciences, politics, and education(时代特征). One of most obvious impact which the technology has on education is that it has changed traditional studying-in-class learning pattern(走向主题).,Now we get chance to study at home by using technology such as computer or television(论述主题). This new learning pattern, which I strongly recommend to every one, will benefit us a lot.,Introduction-对方让步,Many people have a close relationship with their pets. These people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family.,For many kids, family pets are not just animals kept for amusement or companionship; the family pets are treated as their best friends and companions who not only provide unconditional love, but also teach them about friendship,responsibility, loyalty, and empathy. They love to treat them as their family members and prefer to keep them in their rooms. (对方观点),However，they fail to realize that pets are still animals, which may, firstly, make serious injury to kids around them; in addition, there are always various bacteria and diseases bearing. Therefore, I dont think its a good idea to treat the pets as family members. (我方观点),观点驳斥句型,People seem to fail to take into account the fact that university also bring students valuable knowledge in every field. .,However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution,Introduction-主题重述,In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Agree？,The school debate over college students taking a part-time job can always arouse widespread interests. Those who object to it argue that students should not spend their precious time in this way. People who,advocate it, on the other hand, claim that by taking a major-related part-time job, students can further improve their academic studies. 转述主题+理由 As far as I am concerned, I believe that part time jobs will bring students benefits.我方观点,理论重述句型,It is commonly accepted/ thought that There is a general debate/ discussion/ tendency (these days) that An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that There is no denying the fact that the problem thathas caused wide public concern,Introduction-概念展开,Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor?,Neighbors are the nearest people to us in the darkest hours of the night. They are the ones who live closest to us, so close that there is perhaps no more than a cemented wall between us. 概念展开,Being a good neighbor is a duty that everyone should fulfill and a person has many responsibilities towards his neighbors; therefore, one should always be a good neighbor so that he is also treated in the same manner when he is needed. 进入主题,事实引入句型,According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. The death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.,An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. A survey was carried out on the,Introduction-多种引用方式的叠加使用,Agree or disagree ? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family.,TV, one of the most pervasive modern technologies, which has entered peoples lives several decades ago, has great impact on both our life-style and our thought. 概念介绍,According to a recent survey conducted by Statistics Bureau of Guangdong Province , a statistic organization in China, teenagers averagely spend 14 hours watching television each week but only six hours with their family members in China. 数据切入,I am in total agreement with the claim that TV has brought an unfavorable influence on the relationship between them and their family members. 观点+过渡,原因引入句型,My reasons are listed below: There are numerous reasons for , but I would only explore a few of them below: There are several reasons and agreements to support my idea. Here, I intend to explain couple of reasons.,i agree with for the following reasons: my arguments are listed as follows. I will try to prove my point by the following ideas. the most important reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe,introduction-Position:,As far as I am concerned. For my part, I agree with I tend to believe that I always hold a strong positive/ negative attitude toward, which I strongly recommend to everyone Most of people, including me, can not agree with the opinion that I strongly recommend that ,Position-下文压缩句:,Example 1: Living in the big cities is a better choice The reason why I prefer to live in the big cities is that there are more job opportunities, education opportunities and better living conditions in the big cities than in the small towns.,Example 2:,Eating in the restaurants is a better choice I prefer to eat at restaurants because it saves me a lot of time, offers a variety of food choice and beau