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插秧机系统设计

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573 插秧机系统设计（带cad和文档）,插秧机系统设计

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盐城工学院机械工程系毕业设计(论文)任务书机械设计制造及其自动化 专业设计（论文）题目PF455S插秧机及其侧离合器手柄的探讨和改善设计 学生姓名 汪 波 班 级 材机99(5) 学 号 B9912015 起讫日期 3.216.26 指导教师 倪文龙 教研室主任 系 主 任 发任务书日期 年 月 日 () PF455S 99(5) B9912015 3.216.26 盐城工学院机械工程系毕业设计说明书（论文）摘 要本文主要介绍了有关当前中国从韩国引进的PF455S动力插秧机的主要原理，特征和性能，以及在使用过程中出现的与中国土地种植环境的差异而出现的问题，比如说：并对此问题，作了研究，提出了一些解决方案。由于篇幅有限，本文在解决方案上主要介绍了侧离合器手柄的探讨与改进设计。针对此问题列出了不同的方案，最总经过方案比较，考虑高效、稳定和经济的方案，使插秧机的性能得到进一步的完善。关键词：PF455S插秧机 侧离合器手柄 改进设计 AbstractCardinal principle about present PF455S power Rice transplanter introduced from Korea S. of China of main introduction of this text, Characteristic and performance, and appear in the course of using plant problem that difference appear of environment with Chinese land, And this question, have been studied, has put forward some solutions. Because space limited, this text main introduction incline clutch discussion and improvement of handle design at solution. List different scheme to question this , compare scheme always most, Consider that high-efficient, stability and economic scheme, make the performance of the seeding machine get further perfection. Keywords：PF455S Rice Transplanter Incline the clutch handle Improve and design1PF455S 飨 PAGE 2 PAGE 1 PF455S PF455S Abstract Cardinal principle about present PF455S power Rice transplanter introduced from Korea S. of China of main introduction of this text, Characteristic and performance, and appear in the course of using plant problem that difference appear of environment with Chinese land, And this question, have been studied, has put forward some solutions. Because space limited, this text main introduction incline clutch discussion and improvement of handle design at solution. List different scheme to question this , compare scheme always most, Consider that high-efficient, stability and economic scheme, make the performance of the seeding machine get further perfection. KeywordsPF455S Rice Transplanter Incline the clutch handle Improve and design 盐城工学院机械工程系毕业设计说明书（论文）目 录引言 .11 正文 3 1.1总体方案论证 31.1.1PF455S插秧机的动力传递 5 驱动和转向驱动路线 6 插植臂驱动和株距调整传动路线苗箱移动及横向送秧量的调节 纵向送秧传动路线 81.1.2插秧机主要部件的构造 发动机 主变速箱 插植臂基本构造及工作原理. 插植链轮箱基本构造.121.2计算部分 181.2.1几何尺寸的确认计算.181.2.2材料硬度的校核计算19 1.2.3螺栓校核计算 211.3 设计部分 231.3.1对于调速手柄附和板的改进设计 231.3.2 对于附着板的改进设计 242 结论 26致谢 27参考文献 28附件清单 291Xxxxxxxxxxx（输入毕业设计课题名称）盐城工学院机械工程系毕业设计说明书（论文）PAGE 8PAGE 1目 录引言 .11 正文 3 1.1总体方案论证 31.1.1PF455S插秧机的动力传递 5 驱动和转向驱动路线 6 插植臂驱动和株距调整传动路线苗箱移动及横向送秧量的调节 纵向送秧传动路线 81.1.2插秧机主要部件的构造 发动机 主变速箱 插植臂基本构造及工作原理. 插植链轮箱基本构造.121.2计算部分 181.2.1几何尺寸的确认计算.181.2.2材料硬度的校核计算19 1.2.3螺栓校核计算 211.3 设计部分 231.3.1对于调速手柄附和板的改进设计 231.3.2 对于附着板的改进设计 242 结论 26致谢 27参考文献 28附件清单 29一、设计（论文）内容 1)提出PF455S插秧机的主要特征及性能 2)针对PF455S插秧机使用过程中出现的问题，提出相应的改进方案 3)参阅有关资料，对部装和总装进行绘制二、设计（论文）依据 当前随着社会经济技术的发展，农业机械化的程度也不断提高，动力插秧机在当农业作业中应用广泛，然而本文所介绍的PF455S插秧机是从韩国引进的高性能插秧机，由于各种条件的差异，所以在国产化的过程中出现了不少的问题，如侧离合器手柄，形成不及，安装加紧不到位、拉线卡死等核多问题，这就是本课题所要解决的。三、技术要求 侧离合器手柄： 1)转向力和操作灵敏、稳定 拉线行程 221mm 2)油门控制稳定、准确 拉线行程 251mm 3)安装方便、牢固，对其他配件不能有伤害 4)外观结构进一步标准化、国产化四.毕业设计（论文）物化成果的具体内容及要求(具体内容参照机械工程系毕业设计大纲及实施细则的有关要求填写) 1）绘制PF455S插秧机总装图一份 注明主要特征参数，要求及各主要部装名称 2）绘制离合器手柄部装图（左和右）以及该部装中所有零件图（含改进前后） 3）绘制和侧离合器手柄相关的主要零件图- 4）根据方案确定及相关计算和要求，书写毕业设计说明书一份，自数1万字左右 全部计算机会图五. 毕业设计（论文）进度计划起讫日期工作内容备 注33104.10041104.2404.25！0006.1006.1506.2006.2306.27实习、搜集资料整理资料、拟订方案，写实习小结设计绘制部装图、零件图整理、汇编设计说明书整理锥被上交材料分小组进行答辩六. 主要参考文献：1、简明农业机械标准应用手册 装桂林主编 机械工业出版社 1993.11第一版2、农业机械 农业机械编写小组 北京出版社 1978.2 第一版3、材料力学 刘鸿文 主编 高等教育出版社 1992.9 第二版4、机械设计 徐锦康 主编 高等教育出版社 1992.9 第二版5、PF455S插秧机培训教材 江苏农技推广站 2003.5第一版6、机械设计零件手册 高等教育出版社7、机械设计手册 机械工业出版社8、机械原理 高等教育出版社9、机械设计课程设计 陈秀宁 编 浙江大学出版社10、互换性与测量技术基础 王伯平 机械工业出版社七、其他一、设计（论文）内容 1)提出PF455S插秧机的主要特征及性能 2)针对PF455S插秧机使用过程中出现的问题，提出相应的改进方案 3)参阅有关资料，对部装和总装进行绘制二、设计（论文）依据 当前随着社会经济技术的发展，农业机械化的程度也不断提高，动力插秧机在当农业作业中应用广泛，然而本文所介绍的PF455S插秧机是从韩国引进的高性能插秧机，由于各种条件的差异，所以在国产化的过程中出现了不少的问题，如侧离合器手柄，形成不及，安装加紧不到位、拉线卡死等核多问题，这就是本课题所要解决的。三、技术要求 侧离合器手柄： 1)转向力和操作灵敏、稳定 拉线行程 221mm 2)油门控制稳定、准确 拉线行程 251mm 3)安装方便、牢固，对其他配件不能有伤害 4)外观结构进一步标准化、国产化四.毕业设计（论文）物化成果的具体内容及要求(具体内容参照机械工程系毕业设计大纲及实施细则的有关要求填写) 1）绘制PF455S插秧机总装图一份 注明主要特征参数，要求及各主要部装名称 2）绘制离合器手柄部装图（左和右）以及该部装中所有零件图（含改进前后） 3）绘制和侧离合器手柄相关的主要零件图- 4）根据方案确定及相关计算和要求，书写毕业设计说明书一份，自数1万字左右 全部计算机会图五. 毕业设计（论文）进度计划起讫日期工作内容备 注33104.10041104.2404.25！0006.1006.1506.2006.2306.27实习、搜集资料整理资料、拟订方案，写实习小结设计绘制部装图、零件图整理、汇编设计说明书整理锥被上交材料分小组进行答辩六. 主要参考文献：1、简明农业机械标准应用手册 装桂林主编 机械工业出版社 1993.11第一版2、农业机械 农业机械编写小组 北京出版社 1978.2 第一版3、材料力学 刘鸿文 主编 高等教育出版社 1992.9 第二版4、机械设计 徐锦康 主编 高等教育出版社 1992.9 第二版5、PF455S插秧机培训教材 江苏农技推广站 2003.5第一版6、机械设计零件手册 高等教育出版社7、机械设计手册 机械工业出版社8、机械原理 高等教育出版社9、机械设计课程设计 陈秀宁 编 浙江大学出版社10、互换性与测量技术基础 王伯平 机械工业出版社七、其他Short communicationDevelopment of a symmetrical spiral inlet to improvecyclone separator performanceBingtao Zhao*, Henggen Shen, Yanming KangDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Donghua University, No. 1882, Yanan Rd., Shanghai, Shanghai 200051, ChinaReceived 28 October 2003; received in revised form 24 February 2004; accepted 3 June 2004Available online 17 July 2004AbstractThree cyclone separators with different inlet geometry were designed, which include a conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI), adirect symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and a converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI). The effects of inlet type on cycloneperformance characteristics, including the collection efficiency and pressure drop, were investigated and compared as a function ofparticle size and flow rate in this paper. Experimental result indicated that the symmetrical spiral inlet (SSI), especially CSSI inletgeometry, has effect on significantly increasing collection efficiency with insignificantly increasing pressure drop. In addition, theresults of collection efficiency and pressure drop comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical model were alsoinvolved.Keywords: Cyclone; Symmetrical spiral inlet; Collection efficiency; Pressure drop1. IntroductionCyclone separators are widely used in the field of airpollution control and gassolid separation for aerosolsampling and industrial applications 1. Due to relativesimplicity to fabricate, low cost to operate, and well adapt-ability to extremely harsh conditions, cyclone separatorshave became one of most important particle removal devicethat preferably is utilized in both engineering and processoperation. However, the increasing emphasis on environ-ment protection and gassolid separation is indicating thatfiner and finer particles must be removed. To meet thischallenge, the improvement of cyclone geometry and per-formance is required rather than having to resort to alterna-tive units. Many researchers have contributed to largevolume of work on improving the cyclone performance,by introducing new inlet design and operation variables.These include studies of testing a cyclonic fractionator forsampling that used multiple inlet vanes by Wedding et al.2, developing a mathematic model to predict the collectionefficiency of small cylindrical multiport cyclone by DeOtte3, testing a multiple inlet cyclones based on Lapple typegeometry by Moore and Mcfarland 4, designing andtesting a respirable multiinlet cyclone sampler that minimizethe orientation bias by Gautam and Streenath 5, andcomparing the performance of a double inlet cyclone withclean air by Lim et al. 6. In this paper, the new inlet type,which is different type of inlet from that used by formerresearchers, was developed, and the experimental study onaddressing the effect of inlet type on cyclone performanceswas presented.2. ExperimentalThree kinds of cyclone separators with various inletgeometries, including conventional tangential single inlet(CTSI), direct symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and converg-ing symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI), were manufactured andstudied. The geometries and dimensions these cyclones arepresented in Fig. 1 and Table 1. To examine the effects ofinlet type, all other dimensions were designed to remain thesame but only the inlet geometry.* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-21-62373718; fax: +86-21-62373482.E-mail address: (B. Zhao).Powder Technology 145 (2004) 4750The experimental system setup is shown in Fig. 2.The pressure drops were measured between two pressuretaps on the cyclone inlet and outlet tube by use of a digitalmicromanometer (SINAP, DP1000-IIIC). The collectionefficiency was calculated by the particle size distribution,by use of microparticle size analyzer (SPSI, LKY-2). Due tohaving the same symmetrical inlet in Model B or C, the flowrate of each inlet of multiple cyclone was equal to anotherand controlled by valve; two nozzle-type screw feeders wereused in same operating conditions to disperse the particleswith a concentration of 5.0 g/m3in inlet tube. The solidparticles used were talcum powder obeyed by log-normalsize distribution with skeletal density of 2700 kg/m3, massmean diameter of 5.97 Am, and geometric deviation of 2.08.The mean atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, andrelative humidity during the tests were 99.93 kPa, 293 K,and less than 75%, respectively.3. Results and discussion3.1. Collection efficiencyFig. 3 shows the measured overall efficiencies of thecyclones as a function of flow rates or inlet velocities. It isusually expected that collection efficiency increase with theentrance velocity. However, the overall efficiency of thecyclone with symmetrical spiral inlet both Models B and Cwas always higher than the efficiency of the cyclone withconventional single inlet Model A at the same velocity; andespecially, the cyclone with CSSI, Model C has a highestoverall efficiency. These effects of improved inlet geometrycontribute to the increase in overall efficiency of the cycloneby 0.151.15% and 0.402.40% in the tested velocityrange.Fig. 4(a)(d) compares the grade collection efficiency ofthe cyclones with various inlet types at the flow rate of388.34, 519.80, 653.67, and 772.62 m3/h, with the inletvelocities of11.99, 16.04,20.18, and23.85m/s,respectively.As expected, the frictional efficiencies of all the cyclonesare seen to increase with increase in particle size. Theshapes of the grade collection efficiency curves of allmodels have a so-called S shape. The friction efficienciesof the DSSI (Model B) and CSSI cyclones (Model C) aregreater by 210% and 520% than that for the CTSIcyclone (Model A), respectively. This indicates that theinlet type or geometry to the cyclone plays an importantrole in the collection efficiency. It was expected thatparticles introduced to the cyclone with symmetrical spiralinlet (Models B and C) would easily be collected on thecyclone wall because they only have to move a shortdistance, and especially, the CSSI (Model C) changes theparticle concentration distribution and makes the particlepreseparated from the gas before entering the main body ofcyclone.Fig. 5 compares the experimental data at a flow rate of653.67 m3/h (inlet velocity of 20.18 m/s) with existingclassical theories 711. Apparently, the efficiency curvesbased on Mothes and Loffler model and Iozia and Leithsmethod match the experimental curves much closer thanother theories do. This result corresponds with the studycarried out by Dirgo and Leith 12 and Xiang et al. 13.Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of cyclones geometries: (a) conventionaltangential single inlet, Model A; (b) direct symmetrical spiral inlet, ModelB; (c) converging symmetrical spiral inlet, Model C.Table 1Dimensions of cyclones studied (unit: mm)DDehHBSab3001504501200112515015060Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of experimental system setup.Fig. 3. Overall efficiency of the cyclones at different inlet velocities.B. Zhao et al. / Powder Technology 145 (2004) 475048The comparison show that some model can predict atheoretical result that closed the experimental data, but thechanges of flow pattern and particle concentration distribu-tion induced by symmetrical spiral inlet having effects oncyclone performance were not taken into account adequatelyin developed theories.To examine the effects of the symmetrical spiral inlet oncyclone performance more clearly, Fig. 6 was prepared,depicting the 50% cut size for all models with varying theflow rate or inlet velocity. The 50% cut size of Models Cand B are lower than that of Model A at the same inletvelocity. As the inlet velocity is decreased, the 50% cut sizeis approximately decreased linearly. With inlet velocity20.18 m/s, for example, the decrease rate of 50% cut sizeis up to 9.88% for Model B and 24.62% for Model C. Thisindicated that the new inlet type can help to enhance thecyclone collection efficiency.3.2. Pressure dropThe pressure drop across cyclone is commonly expressedas a number gas inlet velocity heads DH named the pressureFig. 4. Grade efficiency of the cyclones at different inlet velocities. (a) Inlet velocity=11.99 m/s. (b) Inlet velocity=16.04 m/s. (c) Inlet velocity=20.18 m/s.(d) Inlet velocity=23.85 m/s.Fig. 5. Comparison of experimental grade efficiency with theories.Fig. 6. The 50% cut size of the cyclones.B. Zhao et al. / Powder Technology 145 (2004) 475049drop coefficient, which is the division of the pressure dropby inlet kinetic pressure qgmi2/2. The pressure drop coeffi-cient values for the three cyclones corresponding to differentinlet velocity are presented in Table 2.Obviously, higher pressure drop is associated with higherflow rate for a given cyclone. However, specifying a flowrate or inlet velocity, the difference of pressure drop coef-ficient between Models B, C, and A is less significant, andvaried between 5.21 and 5.76, with an average value 5.63,for Model B, 5.225.76, with an average value 5.67, forModel C, and 5.165.70, with an average value 5.55, forModel A, calculated by regression analysis. This is animportant point because it is possible to increase the cyclonecollection efficiency without increasing the pressure dropsignificantly.The experimental data of pressure drop were alsocompared with current theories 1420, and results arepresented in Table 3. The results show that the model ofAlexander and Barth provided the better fit to theexperimental data, although for some cyclones the modelsof Shepherd and Lapple and Dirgo predicted equallywell.4. ConclusionsA new kind of cyclone with symmetrical spiral inlet(SSI) including DSSI and CSSI was developed, and theeffects of these inlet types on cyclone performance weretested and compared. Experimental results show the overallefficiency the DSSI cyclone and CSSI is greater by 0.151.15% and 0.402.40% than that for CTSI cyclone, and thegrade efficiency is greater by 210% and 520%. Inaddition, the pressure drop coefficient is 5.63 for DSSIcyclone, 5.67 for CSSI, and 5.55 for CTSI cyclone. Despitethat the multiple inlet increases the complicity and the costof the cyclone separators, the cyclones with SSI, especiallyCSSI, can yield a better collection efficiency, obviously witha minor increase in pressure drop. This presents the possi-bility of obtaining a better performance cyclone by means ofimproving its inlet geometry design.References1 Y.F. Zhu, K.W. Lee, Experimental study on small cyclones operatingat high flowrates, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30 (10) (1999) 13031315.2 J.B. Wedding, M.A. Weigand, T.A. Carney, A 10 Am cutpoint inlet forthe dichotomous sampler, Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 (1982) 602606.3 R.E. DeOtte, A model for the prediction of the collection efficiencycharacteristics of a small, cylindrical aerosol sampling cyclone, Aero-sol Sci. Technol. 12 (1990) 10551066.4 M.E. Moore, A.R. Mcfarland, Design methodology for multiple inletcyclones, Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 271276.5 M. Gautam, A. Streenath, Performance of a respirable multi-inletcyclone sampler, J. Aerosol Sci. 28 (7) (1997) 12651281.6 K.S. Lim, S.B. Kwon, K.W. Lee, Characteristics of the collectionefficiency for a double inlet cyclone with clean air, J. Aerosol Sci.34 (2003) 10851095.7 D. Leith, W. Licht, The collection efficiency of cyclone type particlecollectors: a new theoretical approach, AIChE Symp. Ser. 68 (126)(1972) 196206.8 P.W. Dietz, Collection efficiency of cyclone separators, AIChE J. 27(6) (1981) 888892.9 H. Mothes, F. Loffler, Prediction of particle removal in cy