【高考辅导资料】2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题1_语法和词汇知识之名词、冠词和主谓一致

2011版高中英语二轮专题复习学案：专题一 语法和词汇知识之名词、冠词和主谓一致（1）（新课标）【备考策略】1 考情分析 2 解题技巧【考点分类突破】一、 名词、冠词和主谓一致【专题考点】1 考查名词词义辨析、搭配、名词作定语以及其基本功能，包括数、格等；2 考查冠词的类指、泛指与特指、零冠词的使用、冠词的特殊搭配与抽象名词具体化；3 考查主谓一致。【典例探究】1、（2010山东卷T33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保护，避难所，躲避处；根据四个名词选项，可判断A项为正确答案。2、（2010湖北卷T22）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境（after the earthquake）可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择A accommodation 住宿。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具；均不合题意。3. （2010北京卷T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a 【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。4、 （2010湖南卷T33）Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have 【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和语态。由于caused后有宾语，故该用主动语态，即可排除A、B。考虑到主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词该用单数。故选C。句意：在摇滚演唱会上听超响的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。5、(2010陕西卷T 24). It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。根据 “many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，可排除A、B。根据时间状语at present (目前，现在)，要用现在进行时，所以又可排除C。【跟踪演练】1、（2011江西师大附中模拟）By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean; meanB. means; meansC. means; mean D. mean; means2、（2011河北正定中学模拟）Hawking is _success, _disabled man though he is. Aa；/ B/；a Cthe；a Da；the3、（2011湖南醴陵二中、醴陵四中模拟）Either you or I _ going to be in charge of this matter.A. beB. are C. isD. am 4、（2010吉林省实验中学二模） A gift is a _ of what a relationship means to us. The best gifts meet the needs of the receiver. A. signal B. means C. symbol D. record5. The lawyer advised him to drop the _since he stands little chance to win. A. case B. event C. incident D. affair6. Id like him to know that I dont want to be with him, but he never gets the_ . A. message B. news C. information D. word7. The _of Jay Chows concert made most of the audience present get wild. A. environment B. influenceC. impression D. atmosphere8. Frankly speaking, its peoples _to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure9. （2010吉林省实验中学二模） The warmth of _ coat will mostly be determined by _ soft of cloth usedA. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a10（2010河北省唐山二模）We drank tea and made some small talk in kitchen.Aa；the Bthe；a C不填；the Dthe；不填11. With his wise thoughts about _nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in _history of China. A. 不填; the B. the; theC. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填12. When a giraffe has _drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _water. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; 不填 D. 不填; the13. It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help. Maybe. For them _friendship is mostly _matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. 不填; a D. a; the14. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _time for 7 years. A. a; a B. 不填; theC. the; a D. 不填; 不填15. （2010吉林省实验中学二模） More than one answer _ to the questions. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given16. A lack of _of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. A. existence B. revolutionC. awareness D. evidence17. Hi, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was18. According to news reports personal _of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem19. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _severe lack of water worsened by _factors such as overuse, pollution and drought. A. the; the B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; 不填20. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _in many fields. A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests21. Local people said Israeli troops were seen before dawn Sunday in _town of Beit Lahiya, _north of Gaza City. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; the D. the; 不填22. Every possible means _been tried, however, nothing can help _the poor child from the danger. A. have; prevent B. has; preventC. has; protect D. have; protect23. Have you found anything interesting? None of the information _particularly useful to me. A. is B. are C. have D. has24. Do the students learn any foreign language in your school? Yes, more than one _taught in this school.A. language is B. language areC. language be D. languages are25. He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest _in a few days. A. was following B. have followedC. has followed D. were following26 An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various_. A. signs B. symptomsC. signals D. appearances27 With his wise thoughts about _nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in _history of China. A. 不填; the B. the; theC. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填28. A lack of _of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. A. existence B. revolutionC. awareness D. evidence29. The lawyer advised him to drop the _since he stands little chance to win. A. case B. event C. incident D. affair30. When a giraffe has _drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _water. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; theC. the; 不填 D. 不填; the31. Hi, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning. A. is B. were C. are D. was32. It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help. Maybe. For them _friendship is mostly _matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. 不填; a D. a; the33. Id like him to know that I dont want to be with him, but he never gets the_ . A. message B. news C. information D. word34. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _time for 7 years. A. a; a B. 不填; theC. the; a D. 不填; 不填35. The _of Jay Chows concert made most of the audience present get wild. A. environment B. influenceC. impression D. atmosphere36. Reading is_ good habit. Stick to it, and youll make _great progress. A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; a37. Frankly speaking, its peoples _to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure38. According to news reports personal _of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble. A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem39. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _severe lack of water worsened by _factors such as overuse, pollution and drought. A. the; the B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; 不填40. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _in many fields. A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests答案1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C5、 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。6【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。7【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。8【解析】选D。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。9 B 10 C11【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。12【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。 13【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件的事情, 关于”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。14【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。15 C16【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在; revolution革命; evidence证据。17【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。18【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。19【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。20【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。21【解析】选D。考查冠词。因为town后面有of Beit Lahiya限定, 因此前面使用定冠词the; north这里是方位副词, 因此前面不用冠词。22【解析】选C。根据句意; “每种可能的方法都已经尝试了, 然而, 没有什么能保护这个可怜的孩子不受到危险的伤害”。every means是单数, 所以用“has”, 排除A、D两项; 而prevent. . . from. . . 是“阻止某人做某事或阻止某事发生”, 不合题意。23【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。依据后文的particularly useful可以排除C、D两项。而information又是不可数名词, 所以谓语动词应用单数。24【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意为; 你们学校的学生学习外语吗? 是的。我们学校不止教一种语言25【解析】选D。考查时态和主谓一致。句意为; 他告诉我部分样品已经寄出, 剩下的（样品）几天后寄出。从时态角度考虑, 本句讲的是过去的事情, 故用过去时, 排除B、C两项; 然后考虑主谓一致原则, the rest相当于the rest of the samples, 表复数, 故谓语动词需用复数形式, 故答案为D。26【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。sign标记, 迹象, 记号; symptom症状; signal信号; appearance外观, 外表。显然只有B项符合题意, 即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。27【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。28【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在; revolution革命; evidence证据。29【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。30【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。31【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。32【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件的事情, 关于”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。33【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。34【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。35【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。36 【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一个空用a表示“一个”; progress是不可数名词, 故前面不加冠词, make progress意为“取得进步”。37【解析】选D 。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。38【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。39【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。40【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。【真题在线】1. （2010江苏卷T22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 2.（2010安徽卷T25）I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure3. （2010湖北卷T21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle4. （2010江西卷T 35）.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.A. averageB. numberC. amountD. quantity5.（2010四川卷T 15）. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are6. （2010天津卷T3）. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position7. （2010浙江卷16）. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _ .A. solution B. target C. measure D. function8. （2010江苏卷T21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; a D. the; the 9. （2010福建卷T 21）. Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _pleasure.A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the10. （2010辽宁卷T22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.Athe; the B. 不填; the Cthe; 不填 Da; the11. (2010山东卷T22） If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the12. （2010四川卷T2）. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a13. （2010浙江卷T2）. Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /14. （2010重庆卷T27）.Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /15.（2009全国卷T22）Lets go to _cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _while. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a16.（2009全国卷T 14）What I need is _book that contains _ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 17.（2009北京T 33）The biggest whale is _blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 18.（2009湖北T 25）Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for_ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character 19.（2009湖北T 26）In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _for everyone to stand up. A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure 20.（2009湖南T 33）Either you or one of your students _to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be21.（2009陕西 T 6）What _pity that you couldnt be there to receive _prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the22.（2009陕西 T 7）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going toC. was going to D. were going to23.（2009陕西 T 20）From their _on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 24.（2009重庆 T 26）Washing machines made by China have won _worldwide attention and Haier has become _popular name. A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 25.（2009山东T 25）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _rising steadily since 1997. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 26.（2009山东T 29） He says that my new car is a _of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 27.（2009福建T 29）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effortC. schedule D. consideration28.（2009安徽T 21）We can never expect _bluer sky unless we create _less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 29.（2009安徽T 31）China has