新鲜椰子半自动切割机的设计与开发毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：
编号：20809501
类型：共享资源
大小：2.11MB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2019-07-12
上传人：QQ14****9609
认证信息
个人认证
郭**（实名认证）
陕西
IP属地：陕西
20
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
新鲜椰子半自动切割机的设计与开发毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
- 资源描述：
-
新鲜椰子半自动切割机的设计与开发毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译,新鲜椰子半自动切割机的设计与开发毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
- 内容简介：
-
Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2008, 1(Special Issue), 1-6 Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 1905-7873 Available online at www.mijst.mju.ac.th Full Paper Design and development of semi-automatic cutting machine for young coconuts Satip Rattanapaskorn 1, * and Kiattisak Roonprasang2 1 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkuts Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 2 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkuts Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand * Corresponding author, e-mail: krsatipkmitl.ac.th Received: 10 May 2008 / Accepted: 3 November 2008 / Published: 10 November 2008 Abstract: The purpose of this research is to design, fabricate, test, and evaluate the prototype of a semi-automatic young coconut fruit cutting machine. The design concept is that fruit cutting is accomplished by pneumatic press on a young coconut sitting on a sharp knife in a vertical plane. The machine consists of 5 main parts: 1) machine frame, 2) cutting base, 3) knife set, 4) pneumatic system, and 5) tanks receiving coconut juice and cut fruits. The machine parts contacting edible parts of the fruit are made of food-grade stainless steel. In operation, a young coconut is placed on the cutting base and the pneumatic control is switched on. The coconut is automatically moved to the pressing unit and cut in half by a knife set. The coconut juice flows down to the tank while the cut fruits are separated and moved into the other tank. The machine is found to operate safely without damage to the fruits. The machine capacity is 480 fruits/hr with the total operating cost of about 2.63 USD/1000 fruits. Keywords: young coconut, coconut cutting machine Introduction In Thailand, the Nam-Hom coconut, which is commonly known as the young coconut, is popular for its nice scent, sweet juice and high nutritional value. The young coconut can be consumed fresh or processed into canned products such as coconut juice and coconut jelly. The total export volume of Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2008, 1(Special Issue), 1-6 2 young coconuts in 2006 was 33,334 tons and valued at 11.2 million USD 1. The young fruit sold to the fresh market is usually trimmed to its outer husk so that the coconut looks attractive and can easily be opened. To ready the fruit for consumption, the husk and shell of the fruit must be cut open. Traditionally, a big knife is used to manually chop the husk and shell and create a hole of approximately 60 mm diameter at the top of the fruit. However, this method is hazardous and requires a skilled operator 2. In an earlier attempt to open the coconut, Sapsomboon 3 invented a coconut opener for retail sale. This device was made of a circular zinc strip with the bottom side made like a saw while the other side was covered with a plastic dome. When the opener was covered on the top of the trimmed young coconut, it was manually pressed and the plastic dome was turned around by hand, then the husk and shell were cut by the saw strip of the opener. This opener was good for coconut retailing. The average time for opening was 41.4 sec/fruit 4. Jarimopas and Kuson 2 later designed and constructed a young coconut fruit opening machine. The operating system was like a lathe machine which consisted of a fruit holder, a height control mechanism, a knife and its feed controller, and a power transmission system. During operation, the small stainless steel knife slowly penetrated through the husk and shell of the turning fruit in a direction perpendicular to its surface, thus resulting in a circular opening at the top of the fruit. The speed of opening each fruit was 30 seconds on the average. However, in the industrial process of coconut juice canning for export in Pratumtanee province, fresh coconuts are required to be cut in half without outer husk trimming. Figure 1 shows a manual cutting machine for young coconuts consisting of a table with cutting base and a sharp knife which is mounted to a cantilever bar and a spring. When the operator places a young coconut on the cutting base and presses the cantilever bar, the coconut is cut in half by the sharp knife and the coconut juice pours down into the bowl which is beneath the cutting base. This method is considered very awkward, takes longer time and requires a strong operator for pressing the cantilever bar. Besides, the capacity of production is 2000-3000 fruits per day. The objective of this research, therefore, is to design and develop a semi-automatic cutting machine for the canned coconut juice industry. The specific objectives include: (1) the design and development of the semi-automatic cutting machine for young coconuts at a rate of 300 fruits/hour without outer husk trimming, and (2) testing and evaluation of the efficiency of the cutting machine. Figure 1. The manual cutting machine for young coconuts Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2008, 1(Special Issue), 1-6 3 Materials and Methods Design and operation Design parameters for a cutting machine consist of the size of young fresh coconut and the maximum compressive force used for cutting the coconut in half by a sharp knife. For the first parameter, 20 uniform and intact samples of mature coconut were randomly selected, weighed and measured by a size-measuring apparatus (Figure 2). The results of a 3-dimensional size of the fruit was 19.220.88 mm, 15.910.58 mm and 15.20.47 mm, with an average weight of 2.04 0.15 kg. For the second parameter, a sharp knife was mounted on a steel frame and placed at the bench of the universal testing machine (Testometric model M500-10kN) for measurement of the cutting force. The samples were divided into 4 groups, each group containing 5 fruits for testing at 4 different cutting speeds (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm/min). The fruit was placed between the knife edge and the cross head of the universal testing machine which was attached to a 10 kN load cell (Figure 3). The highest cutting force at each loading speed was recorded. Results showed that the higher the speed of cutting, the lower was the compressive force. However, the maximum force of 2535 N at 25 cm/min of loading speed was selected for the design of the machine. Variation of the cutting force happened due to the shell strength, which depended further on the fruit maturity. The design concept of the machine was that the fruit cutting has to be accomplished by pneumatic pressing on a young coconut sitting on a sharp knife in a vertical plane. So it was necessary to calculate the diameter of the vertical pneumatic cylinder. The values used in calculation consisted of the pressure for pneumatic system (7 bars), the compressive force (2535 N) and the safety factor (3 times). The net cutting force was therefore, 2535 x 3=7605 N. Meanwhile, the compressive force F of the pneumatic cylinder was calculated by the following formula 5: F = 10 (A x P) (1) and D = A4 (2) where A = cylinder area, cm2 P = air pressure, bar D = diameter of pneumatic cylinder, cm The calculated diameter was 11.8 cm and the size available in the market was 12.5 cm. Therefore, the diameter of vertical pneumatic cylinder was 12.5 cm and the length of cylinder was 25.0 cm. Another set of two horizontal pneumatic cylinders which were used for the lateral movement of the cutting base had a diameter of 1.6 cm and length of 28 cm. These cylinders were placed side by side of the cutting base. The prototype was designed and fabricated (Figure 4) to comprise : 1) machine frame, 2) cutting base, 3) knife set, 4) pneumatic system, and 5) tanks for coconut juice and cut fruits. The machine parts which were in contact with the edible parts of the fruit were made of food-grade stainless steel. The operation procedure was as follows: first, the young fruit was placed on the cutting base, then the operator switched on the control to automatically move the base to be under the pressing unit. The base automatically stopped as sensed by a limit switch and the centre of the fruit was aligned with that of the Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2008, 1(Special Issue), 1-6 4 cutting knife. The other limit switch simultaneously triggered the downward movement of the pressing unit to press the young coconut fruit to be cut in half by the cutting knife. The coconut juice was allowed to flow down to the middle tank while the cut fruits were separated into another tank beside. Figure 2. A size measuring apparatus Figure 3. Measurement of cutting force by universal testing machine: 1) cross head of the universal testing machine; 2) sharp knife Figure 4. Prototype of the semi-automatic young coconut fruit cutting machine: 1) machine frame; 2) cutting base; 3) knife set; 4) pneumatic system; 5) tank Performance test The investigation on the effect of pressing unit speed and orientation of young coconut to be cut on the quality of cutting was conducted. The direction of placing the coconut was either parallel or perpendicular to the knife edge with speed of the pressing unit at 10, 15 and 20 cm/sec. Each test was performed with 5 replications and the analysis of variance technique was applied. 5 1 3 4 2 1 2 Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2008, 1(Special Issue), 1-6 5 Engineering economics The estimated cost of the cutting machine was about 3,175 USD, which included material, pneumatic system, construction cost, 2-hp compressors, and profit of the machine for producer (about 30%, 30%, 15%, 15%, and 10% respectively). The cost of cutting per fruit could be evaluated 6 from the fixed cost (depreciation and interest) and variable cost (electricity, labour and maintenance). Sink fund method was used to calculate the fixed cost. Details of assumption for calculating the variable cost are given in Table 1. Table 1. Details of calculating variable cost Machine life 10 years Salvage value 10 % Electricity 0.095 USD / unit 1 labor cost 6.0 USD / day Working hour 8 hours / day Working day 210 days / year Machine capacity 480 fruits / hour Interest 6 % / year Results and Discussion The cutting direction of the coconut was shown to play an important role on the quality of cutting. It is clear (Figure 5) that if the direction of placing the coconut fibre was parallel to a knife edge, it did not successfully cut the coconut in half at any speed of the pressing unit because the knife could not completely cut the fibre of the coconut fruit. However, if the direction of placing the coconut fibre was perpendicular to the knife edge, the fruit was absolutely cut without any damage at any speed of the pressing unit. The pressing unit speed insignificantly affected the cutting quality at p0.05. The appropriate speed was 20 cm/sec because of the least working time. Therefore, the cutting efficiency of the machine was 100%. The time used was only 6-8 seconds from the start until finishing of the process, so the estimated time for cutting was 7 sec/fruit or the capacity of the cutting machine was 480 fruits/hour. The operating cost per 1,000 fruit was about 2.63USD. a) b) Figure 5. Appearance of young coconut fruit after cutting: a) direction of placing coconut fibre was parallel to the knife edge; b) direction of placing coconut fibre was perpendicular to the knife edge. Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2008, 1(Special Issue), 1-6 6 Conclusions Using the pneumatic system for cutting, a semi-automatic cutting machine for young coconuts was designed and tested for coconut juice processing export industry. Fruit fibre orientation must be perpendicular to the knife edge. The machine operation was easy and safe with 100% cutting efficiency and the exporter was happy to use the machine. The machine capacity was 480 fruits/hr while the total operating cost was about 2.63 USD/1000 fruits. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Technology Promotion and Transferring, the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand for the financial support. References 1. Anonymous, “Quality and value of agricultural export 2006-2007”, online, available: http:/www.oae.go.th/statistic/export/QVExp.xls (23 April 2007). 2. B. Jarimopas and P. Kuson, “A young coconut fruit opening machine”, J. Biosystems Eng., 2007, 98, 185-191. 3. T. Sabsomboon, “Device opening young coconut fruit”, Paper of Office of the National Research Council of Thailand, 1998, Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand. 4. B. Jarimopas and A. Pechsamai, “Comparative test between a machine and device opening young coconut fruit”, Thai Agric. Res. J., 2001, 19, 175-184 (in Thai). 5. J. L. Johnson, “Introduction to fluid power”, Delmar Thomson Learning, Albany, Australia, 2002. 6. L. Blank and A. Tarquid, “Engineering Economy”, 6th Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2005. 2008 by Maejo University, San Sai, Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand. Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes. 新鲜椰子半自动切割机的设计与开发 摘要：本研究的目的是设计，制造，测试和评估半自动新鲜椰子切割机的原型。设计理念是，水果切割过程是通过气动印刷机在垂直平面上坐在锋利的刀上的新鲜椰子上完成的。该机械由5个主要部件组成：1）机架，2）切割底座，3）刀套，4）气动系统，5）收到椰子汁和切果的罐。与水果可食部分接触的机器部件由食品级不锈钢制成。在操作中，将一个新鲜的椰子放在切割底座上面，并且气动控制器被打开。椰子将被自动移动到按压单元上并且用刀具切分成两半。椰子汁会自动向下流到罐中，而切割的水果会被分离并且移动到另一个罐中。该机器被发现其操作安全而且不会损坏水果。机器容量480台/小时，总营业成本约2.63美元/ 1000台。关键词：新鲜椰子，椰子切割机介绍在泰国，Nam-Hom椰子通常被称为新鲜的椰子，因其香味醇香，营养价值高而受欢迎。 新鲜的椰子可以新鲜食用或加工成罐装产品，如椰子汁和椰子果冻。总出口量在2006时新鲜椰子的出口量为33334吨，价值1120万美元1。而出售到新鲜水果市场的新鲜椰子通常会被修剪掉其外壳，使得椰子看起来很有吸引力并且可以容易地打开吃到里面的果肉。为了将水果消费出去做准备，椰子的外壳和内壳必须被切开。 传统意义上，通常使用大刀手工剁碎外壳和内壳，并在椰子顶部创建出一个直径约为60毫米的孔。 然而，这种方法是危险的，需要熟练的操作员2。在早些时候打开椰子的尝试中，Sapsomboon 3发明了一种用于零售的椰子开罐器。 该装置由圆形的锌带制成，底部侧面形成锯状，另一侧被塑料圆顶覆盖。 当开瓶器被覆盖在修剪的新鲜椰子的顶部时，手动按压，并用手转动塑料圆顶，然后通过开瓶器的锯条切割壳和壳。 这个开瓶器对椰子零售有好处。 平均开放时间为41.4秒/水果4。Jarimopas和Kuson 2后来设计和制作了一个新鲜的椰子果实机。 操作系统就像一台车床，包括水果架，高度控制机构，刀具及其进给控制器，以及动力传动系统。 在操作过程中，小型不锈钢刀沿垂直于其表面的方向缓慢地穿过转盘果壳的外壳和内壳，从而在水果的顶部圆形开口。 每个水果的开放速度平均为30秒。然而，在Pratumtanee省出口椰子汁罐的工业过程中，新鲜的椰子需要切割一半，无需外壳修剪。图1显示了一种用于新鲜椰子的手动切割机，它主要包括具有切割底座的桌子和安装到悬臂杆和弹簧的锋利刀具。当操作者将一个新鲜的椰子放在切割底座上并按压悬臂时，椰子被锋利的刀片切割成两半，椰子汁会自动倒入切割机底下的碗中。但是这种方法被认为是非常尴尬的，并且需要花费更长的时间，而且需要操作者拥有强大的臂力按压悬臂。此外，它的生产能力是每天2000-3000个水果。因此，本研究的目的是为罐装椰子汁工业设计和开发半自动切割机。具体目标包括：（1）新鲜椰子半自动切割机的设计开发速度为300粒/小时，无外壳修剪，（2）切割机效率的检测和评估。图1新鲜椰子的手动切割机材料和方法设计和操作椰子切割机的设计参数包括为新鲜椰子的尺寸和用于通过锋利的刀具将椰子切成两半的最大压缩力。对于第一个参数，随机选择成熟椰子的20个均匀和完整的样品，称重并通过尺寸测量装置测量（图2）。果实三维尺寸结果为19.220.88 mm，15.910.58 mm，15.20.47 mm，平均重量为2.040.15 kg。对于第二个参数，将锋利的刀子安装在钢框架上，并放置在万能试验机（Testometric型号M500-10kN）的台架上，以测量切削力。将样品分成4组，每组含有5个水果，以4种不同的切割速度（10,15,20和25cm / min）进行测试。将水果放置在连接到10kN测力传感器的万能试验机的刀刃和十字头之间（图3）。记录每个装载速度下的最高切割力。结果表明，切割速度越快，压缩力越低。然而，对于机器的设计，选择25cm / min的加载速度的2535N的最大力。切割力的变化由于壳的强度而发生，这依赖于果实成熟度。图2.尺寸测量装置图3.万能试验机切割力测量：1）万能试验机十字头; 2）锋利的刀图4图4.半自动幼椰果切割机原型：1）机架; 2）切割底座; 3）刀套; 4）气动系统; 5坦克进一步对果实成熟。 机器的设计理念是，水果切割必须通过在垂直平面上坐在锋利刀上的新鲜椰子上进行气动挤压来实现。 所以有必要计算垂直气缸的直径。 用于计算的值包括气动系统（7巴）的压力，压缩力（2535N）和安全系数（3次）。 因此，净切割力为25353 = 7605N。另外，气缸的压缩力F由下式5计算：F = 10（AP）（1），D=4A （2）其中A =气缸面积，cm2 P =气压，bar D =气缸直径cm。计算出的直径为11.8厘米，市面上的尺寸为12.5厘米
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
川公网安备: 51019002004831号