教育部参赛非谓语动词陈志倩.ppt

语法复习,非谓语动词（一）,1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 1). “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,angrily and pointed,2). Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage（马车） _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,seized和took是并列谓语,disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。,and took,2. 非谓语动词作状语 (1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。 (2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。 (3)不定式表结果，可以用于tooto, enough to, so/suchas to等固定结构中。,eg.1. I am glad/ delighted to meet you. 2. I am sorry to hear this news.,eg. 1. I am too young to go to school. 2. She was not strong enough to travel. 3. We picked apples so as to make a pie.,(4)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。 (5) 在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,1. While _ (try) to open the door, I cut my hand.,trying,1）She went out, _ she wuold be back in an hour. A.said B. saying C. to say D. say,注意 saying 为伴随状语。,2）Although _ (build) before the war, the engine is still in perfect order. A. builds B. to build C. building D. built,although 在此处只是连词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。build为及物动词，意为“制造”，故该用过去分词。,4）Several women came over _her. A. helping B. to help C. help D.helped 5）The children sleep together _ warm. A. to keep B. kept C. keeping D. keep,不定式 to help和to keep 在句中作目的状语。,3.非谓语动词作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。 (2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,1. There are many things _ (do). 2. Do you have time _ (help) me.,to do,to help,1）She was the first person _ the office . A. come B. to come C. coming D. came,不定式 to come作定语修饰person .,2）The person _ the songs can speak seven languages. A. to translate B.translating C. translated D. to be translated,该题的谓语动词是 speak，“translating”用来作定语修饰主语 the person。,can speak,3). This is one of the houses _ last year. A. to build B.building C. built D. to be built,过去分词built 作定语，修饰the houses。built 表示已经完成的动作，to be built 表示尚未开始的动作,This is one of the houses to be built next year.,非谓语动词作定语时要注意： 动名词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作,The building being built now is our teaching building.,4.非谓语动词作表语 (1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。 (2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质或状态，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。,1) His hobby is _ chess . A. playing B. to play C. played D. play 2) His dream is _ a doctor. A. be B. being C. to be,不定式可放在be 动词或其他系动词后，作表语，说明主语的具体内容,表将来的动作。,动名词可放在be 动词或其他系动词后，作表语，说明主语的具体内容。,3) The door was _ . A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. lock,这种“be+过去分词”的结构和被动语态是相似的，不同的是这种结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。,Summary,语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 Freud was one of the first scientists 1_（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities 2_（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.,to make,based,He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3_（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠）. He wanted to see if 4_（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease 5_（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.,to search,putting,troubled,Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved 6_ (sit) with his patients and 7_（listen）to them talk. He had them 8_（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9_（express）. There could be no10_（hold）back because of fear or guilt.,sitting,listening,talk,be expressed,holding,用词的适当形式填空。 1. The cup is _ (break). 2. Why are you looking so _ (disappoint). 3. It is the most _(excite) news. 4. She bought a computer _ (produce) in Shanghai. 5. Look at the man _ (sit) on the rock. 6. She was the first person _ (think) of the idea.,练习坊,broken,过去分词作表语,disappointed,过去分词作表语,exciting,作定语,produced,作定语,sitting,to think,作定语,7. Her ambition was _ (be) a cinema actress. 8. His goal is _ (be) a doctor. 9. Seeing is _ (believe). 10. My favorite sport is _ (swim). 11. I went to live in France _ (learn) French. 12. In order not _ (forget) it, I will write down his post code.,to be,to be,不定式 to do 作表语,believing,swimming,动名词作表语,to learn,to forget,不定式to do 作目的状语,13. _ (hear) the news, they all jumped for joy. 14. Be carefull when _ (cr