语法篇专题12状语从句.ppt

专题十二 状语从句,状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语, 又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。,状语从句的分类及常用连接词,【考点一】考查while，when和as as, when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。 Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.,当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导，不可用as 或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 从句表示“随时间推移”连词可用as，不用when 或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. when还含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。 They had just arrived home when it began to rain. 【即学即练】 单项填空 She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. （2009福建） A. when B. while C. after D. since 解析：选A。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知，主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是“这时”。 【考点二】考查until和till (1)两个连词意义相同。用于肯定句中表示“做某事直至某时”，动词,必须是延续性的；用于否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事”，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。正确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 He waited until/till we finished our meal. I didnt leave until/till/before she came back. (2)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。 Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. (3)否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 not until. 在句首时，主句用倒装。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. not until用在强调句中，构成“It is/was not until. that. ”强调句型。 It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 【考点三】考查because，since，as和for (1)because语气最强，用来回答why的提问，放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用because：,在回答why的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被not所否定时。 You want to know why Im leaving. Im leaving because Im full. It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer. I didnt like the job because Im bad-paid. (2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些。 Since you dont understand, I will explain it again. (3)for的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。 Its morning now, for the birds are singing. 【考点四】考查“一就”结构 英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。这些词（短语）归纳起来，主要有以下几类： 名词类：主要有the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, the day 等。,The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. The instant he opened the door he saw the thief. He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 副词类：主要有immediately, directly, instantly, once 等。 Once he arrives, we can start. Immediately he came I told him the news. 句型类：主要有no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.when。若将 no sooner, hardly，scarcely置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。 We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. =No sooner had we set out than it began to rain. She had hardly arrived when it began to snow. =Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 【考点五】考查though的用法 though conj. 虽然；尽管（不与but连用，但可以跟yet, still连用）；也可用作副词（在句尾），表示“然而”。 Though we are poor, we are still happy. He promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.,as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、谓语提前。若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。 Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. Much as/though I like it, I dont want to buy it. Try as/though he might, he wouldnt succeed. as though= as if；even though= even if You sound as though/if youve caught a cold. Even though/if we achieve great successes in our work, we should not be conceited.,【难点一】几种特殊句型结构的区别 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。 The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.,Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. It was some time _ we realized the truth. 解析：下列的It句型表示的含义各不相同： (1)“It is/was+时刻+when从句”表示“某事发生时是什么时候”。 (2)“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”表示“自从以来有多长时间了”。 (3)“It will/would be+时间段+before 从句”表示“还要过多长时间才”。 (4)“It will/would not be+时间段+before 从句”表示“过不了多长时间就会”。 (5)“It was+时间段+before从句”表示“过了多长时间才”。 (6)“It was not+时间段+before从句”表示“没过多长时间就”。 所以，第题考查的是句型：It will/would be+时间段+before 从句。第题考查的是句型：It is/was+时刻+when从句。第题考查的是句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句；第考查的是句型：It was+时间段+before从句。,温馨提示：注意下面两句话的含义。 It is five years since I lived in Jinan. 自从我不住在济南以来已经5年了。 It is five years since I began to live in Jinan. 自从我住在济南以来已经5年了。 【难点二】状语从句中的时态 用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。 She will get married when she _ (meet) the right man. We wont climb up the mountain until rain _(stop). 解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。第题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，空白处填meets。第题用现在完成时表示将来完成时，空白处填has stopped。 【难点三】only if和if only 用only if或if only完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。 _you study hard, you will pass the test. _ I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.,解析：only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿”，“要是就好了”。所以第题填Only if，第题If only。,1. Mary made coffee _her guests were finishing their meal. (2010全国) A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 解析：选C。句意为：当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候，Mary做了咖啡。so that以便，表示目的；although尽管，虽然，表让步；as if好像，while当的时候。 2. The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. (2010全国) A. or B. unless C. but D. whether 解析：选B。句意为：这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。or或者，表示选择；unless除非，表示条件；but但是，表示转折；whether是否。根据句意选择B。,3. _ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (2010上海) A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem 解析：选C。句意为：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。however表示让步时其顺序应是：however+形容词+主语+谓语。however作连接副词，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管” ，引导让步状语从句。 4. _ our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (2010上海) A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 解析：选B。句意为：除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。unless除非等于if not。 5. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives, _ they have the interest. (2010安徽) A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if,解析：选C。句意为：工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。 6. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available. (2010安徽) A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until 解析：选A。句意为：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给你换。as soon as一就，符合语境。 7. Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise. (2010湖南) A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 解析：选B。考查连词。句意为：Tim身材很好，尽管他不怎么锻炼。 8. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2010辽宁) A. although B. unless C. because D. if 解析：选C。句意为：这位老人叫Lucy挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。although引导让步状语从句，,unless和if引导条件状语从句。 9. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. (2010山东) once B. when C. if D. unless 解析：选D。句意为：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。 10. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. (2010陕西) A. when B. after C. before D. since 解析：选C。考查状语从句。“It（will）be+时间段+状语从句”是固定句型，意思是：过多久才。 11. When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan. (2010四川) A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished 解析：选D。句意为：我们的生意何时重新开张？直到完成我们的计划。在时间状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时。,12. Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break _ she got to her office. (2010四川) A. since B. that C. when D. until 解析：选C。句意为：因为交通堵塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。此处应为when引导的时间状语从句。 13. Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. (2010重庆) A. when B. where C. how D. what 解析：选B。句意为：今天，为了不遗漏要点，我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where 引导地点状语从句。 14. How long do you think it will be _ we finish this dictionary? (2010山东省5月高考模拟考试) A. after B. before C. when D. since 解析：选B。“It will (not) be/ was(not) +时间+before +从句”是固定句型，表示“过多长时间或过不了多长时间就”。 15. _ the news, so far, has been good, there may be bad days ahead. (2010山东省济南市高三第二次模拟考试) A. When B. While C. If D. As,解析：选B。句意为：尽管到目前为止这个消息是好的，但前面可能有糟糕的时候。while表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。 16. How can you expect your children to be truthful _ you yourself tell lies. (2010潍坊市5