关 键 词：

三维图PPT 机械毕业设计论文说明书CAD图纸 行星轮增速双人自行车设计【三维图PPT】【机械毕业设计论文说明书CAD图纸】.zip

资源描述：

行星轮增速双人自行车设计【三维图PPT】【机械毕业设计论文说明书CAD图纸】.zip,三维图PPT,机械毕业设计论文说明书CAD图纸,行星轮增速双人自行车设计【三维图PPT】【机械毕业设计论文说明书CAD图纸】.zip

内容简介：

!CAD+word.doc97666224.bat ppt.avi UG .docx -A2.dwg -A1.dwg -A0.dwg .doc .doc .doc .doc .doc .doc PPT.ppt .docx -A2.dwg .jpg I Abstract II 1 1 1.1 1 1.2 1 1.3 綯 2 2 3 2.1 3 2.2 3 2.3 3 3 6 3.1 6 3.2 6 3.3 7 3.4 7 4 9 4.1 9 4.2 9 4.3 11 4.4 12 4.5 14 4.6 15 4.7 15 5 17 5.1 17 5.2 19 5.3 19 6 20 6.1 20 6.2 20 6.3 21 6.4 24 7 25 7.1 25 7.2 25 26 27 28 幤 1.幤-硢 2.硢 3. 外文文献Mechanical DesignAbstract:A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits, or utilizes energy, force, or motion for a useful purpose. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines, from hub caps and filing cabinets to instruments and nuclear pressure vessels. The term mechanical design is used in a broader sense than machine design to include their design. For some apparatus, the thermal and fluid aspects that determine the requirements of heat, flow path, and volume are separately considered. However, the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers. Keywords: Mechanical Designmechanisms Design Process Tolerance An overview of mechanical designThe first step in the manufacture of any product is design. Mechanical design is the application of science and technology to devise new or improved products for the purpose of satisfying human needs. It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size, shape and construction details, but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture ，marketing and use of the product. People who perform the various functions of machine design are typically called designers, or design engineers. Mechanical design is a creative activity. However, in addition to being innovative, a design engineer must also have a solid background in the areas of mechanical drawing, kinematics, dynamics, materials engineering, strength of materials and manufacturing processes. Here we take the selection of materials as an example. During recent years the selection of engineering materials has assumed great importance. Moreover, the process should be one of continual reevaluation. New materials often become available and there may be a decreasing availability of others. Concerns regarding environment pollution, recycling and worker health and safety often impose new constraints. The desire for weight reduction or energy savings may dictate the use of different materials. Pressures from domestic and international competition, increased serviceability requirements, and customer feedback may all promote materials reevaluation. The extent of product liability actions, often the result of improper material use, has had a marked impact. In addition, the interdependence between material and their processing has become better recognized. The development of new processes often forces reevaluation of the material being processed. Therefore, it is imperative that design and manufacturing engineers exercise considerable care in selecting, specifying, and utilizing materials if they are to achieve satisfactory results at reasonable cost and still assure quality. In mechanics processing，milling and grinding are always under the consideration of the designers. With the exceptions of turning and drilling, milling is undoubtedly the most widely used method of removing metal. Well suited and readily adapted to the economical production of any quantity of parts, the almost unlimited versatility of the milling process merits the attention and consideration of designers seriously concerned with the manufacture of their product. Grinding is one of the most widely used methods of finishing parts to extremely close tolerances and low surface roughness. Currently, there are grinders for almost every type of grinding operation. Particular design features of a part dictate to a large degree the type of grinding machine required. Where processing costs are excessive, parts redesigned to utilize a less expensive, higher output grinding method may be well worthwhile. For example, wherever possible the production economy of center less grinding should be taken advantage of by proper design consideration. Although grinding is usually considered a finishing operation, it is often employed as a complete machining process on work which can be ground down form rough condition without being turned or otherwise machined. Thus many types of forgings and other parts are finished completely with the grinding wheel at appreciable savings of time and expense. Besides, the application of nontraditional manufacturing processes will bring more bold and innovative design. The conventional manufacturing processes in use today for material removal primarily rely on electric motors and hard tool materials to perform tasks such as sawing, drilling, and broaching. Conventional forming operations are performed with the energy from electric motors, hydraulics, and gravity. Likewise, material joining is conventionally accomplished with thermal energy sources such as burning gases and electric arcs. In contrast, nontraditional manufacturing processes harness energy sources considered unconventional by yesterdays standards. Material removal can now be accomplished with electrochemical reactions, high-velocity jets of liquids and abrasives. Materials that in the past have been extremely difficult to form, are now formed with magnetic fields, explosives, and the shock waves from powerful electric sparks. Material-joining capabilities have been expanded with the use of high-frequency sound waves and beams of electrons. In the past 50 years, over 20 different nontraditional manufacturing processes have been invented and successfully implemented into production. The reason there are such a large number of nontraditional processes is the same reason there are such a large number of conventional processes ; each process has its own characteristic attributes and limitations, hence no one process is best for all manufacturing situations. In other cases, nontraditional processes are used to reduce the number of rejects experienced by the old manufacturing method by increasing repeatability, reducing in-process breakage of fragile work pieces, or by minimizing detrimental effects on work piece properties. As stated previously, the purpose of mechanical design is to produce a product which will serve a need for man. Inventions, discovery and scientific knowledge by themselves do not necessarily benefit people; only if they are incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived. It should be recognized, therefore, that a human need must be identified before a particular product is designed. Mechanical design should be considered to be an opportunity to use innovative talents to envision a design of a product, to analyze the system and then make sound judgments on how the product is to be manufactured. It is important to understand the fundamentals of engineering rather than memorize mere facts and equations. There are no facts or equations which alone can be used to provide all the correct decisions required to produce a good design. On the other hand, any calculations made must be done with the utmost care and precision. Good design require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expended. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated. During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be compared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise. Another important point which should be recognized is that a design engineer must be able to communicate ideas to other people if they are to be incorporated. Initially, the designer must communicate a preliminary design to get management approval. This is usually done by verbal discussions in conjunction with drawing layouts and written material. To communicate effectively, the following questions must be answered :(1) Does the design really serve a human need?(2) Will it be competitive with existing products of rival companies?(3) Is it economical to produce?(4) Can it be readily maintained?(5)Will it sell and make a profit? Design ProcessThe design begins from real of or the demand of imagination. The existing instrument may need to take in to improve on the enduring, efficiency, weight, speed or the cost. May need new instrument to complete before function done by person, such as Assemble or maintain. The target is all or partly after making sure, design of the next move is to conceive outline the organization that can complete the function needed and it arranges for this, drawing grass diagram to be worth barehanded biggest, it isnt only one personal record of viewpoint with others discussion of assistance means, and be suitable for to communicate with own viewpoint particularly, is the stimulant which creates sex way of thinking to still need extensive knowledge concerning parts, because a the set new machine usually from be familiar with of each kind of spare parts reschedule or substitute but become, changed size and material perhaps. Regardless at conceive outline process in still after, a design will carry on a fast or rough calculation or analyze to make sure regulation size and possibility. When some concerning need or can use amount of space of viewpoint assurance after, can start pro rata painting grass diagram. Finally, I completed according to the design of the function and the credibility, can make kind machine. If test satisfied, and if the device wants mass production, will to the first design carry on a certain modification to insure with lower cost mass-produce. Later on several years of make and use a period, design probably because of conceive outline new viewpoint perhaps according to test and experience foundation of further analytical the change shown but change. Sell attraction, customers satisfaction and manufacturing costs to all have something to do with design, the success which designs ability and engineering investment is closely related. Some design standardsAt this part, someone suggests the attitude of the usage creation carries on of analysis, this kind of analysis can cause a graveness improvement and to back up the product conceive outline with perfect, perhaps the product function is more, more economic and more enduring. Creating the stages needing not is first with independent stage. Although analyze personnel the whole probably irresponsible design, he isnt only the right answer ofwith problem that can be from the numeral put forward wanting him to resolve only, not only is give should dint value, the size works to limit perhaps. He can put forward more extensive views, for the purpose of improvement norm or project. Because in the analysis the front or the analysis the process, he will acquaint with to equip and its work condition, he is fully placed in a beneficial position which conceives outline to choose a project. Best he can put forward a suggestion change shape to Elimination moment of force or should dint concentration, not allow to set up to have to cut the organization that noodles and excessive dynamic state carry a lotus greatly best is he discards his meticulous of design but is not see a machine discard afterwards. For stiring up to create sex thinking, the suggestion designs a personnel and analytical the personnel use following standard.6 ex- standards are particularly applicable to an analysis personnel, although he may involve to all this 10. 1. Create the physical function that sex land utilization need when using combine the control dont need. 2. Know practical carry lotus and its importance. 3. Consider in advance there is no function carrying a lotus. 4. Invent to add to carry a condition more beneficially. 5. Provide minimum weight the most beneficial of distribute in response to the dint with rigid. 6. Use a basic and square distance calculation a comparison and make size superior to turn. 7. Select by examinations material to acquire a function combination. 8. At spare parts and integrated spare parts careful choice. 9. Modify a function design with the orientation production line and decline low cost. 10. Consider to make parts accurate to position in the assemble with each other not interference Mechanical DesignThe whole machine design is a complicated process. Designing the personnel have to at thus of realm, such as calm down mechanics, kinetics, dynamics and material mechanics have good cultivated manners, have to also acquaint with manufacturing material and make a craft in addition. Designing the personnel has to can combine all related facts, carrying on Teaches Wei and creating grass diagram and graphics to come to deliver the manufacturing request to the car. The square one that any product designs works it an is the material that the choice used for making each parts. The design personnel of today can get an innumerable. While choosing, function, external appearance, material cost and manufacturing costs of product are all very important. Had to be careful to evaluate the function of material before any calculation. It is necessary a careful calculation with the usefulness of insuring the design. Compute to never appear on the diagram, but from ten various reason be saved. Once the whichever parts loses efficacy, will clear up to do what while designing this defective spare parts at the beginning; And, can acquire an experience document from compute past item. While needing the design for ising similar to, the past record will have a tremendous help. The check of computing(with diagram top size) is the most important.A decimal points mislaying position can ruin an original and acceptable item. For example, if a person wants to design a bracket that can prop up 100 pounds, but it should can prop up 1000 pounds originally, the result affirmation will fail. The square aspect noodles had to check a check to design again a work. The calculator speaks to is an of great use tool for the staff member, can ease a dull calculation and provide to expand analysis to the existing data. Hand over system to make the calculator assistance design(CAD) with each other according to the calculator function and the calculator lend support to a manufacturing(CAM) to make possible.Pass thus of system, may conceive outline a first step to deliver to beat bore paper to take to used for numeral to process control but need not to draw formal construction diagram. The machine design for the laboratory test, model and kind machine is very helpful. The laboratory provided a lot of build up basic concept need of information, however, can also acquire with them some concerning product how on the spot would the understanding for working. Finally, a design personnel of success should offer the step that the utmost effort keeps up with ages. Will appear new material and produce a method everyday. If painting and design personnels dont acquainting with modern method and material may put out action. A good design personnel should usually read technique periodical to keep up with a new development The engineering work is badThe solid is made sure boundary by its surface boundary. Typical model ground, design a personnel to specify Mr. to call size to a spare parts to make it contented its demand. Actually because of the surface irregular and proper surface rough degree, each spare parts cant make into Mr. to call sizes hasing to allow size to have some varieties can make with insuring repeatedly. But, the variety allowed cant certainly too big with as for make to assemble the function of the piece to become bad. Single the variety allowed by spare parts is called business trip. Business trip this technical term not only is applicable to from the acceptable scope of the parts size of with manufacturing craft creation, but also is applicable to a machine or processes of exportation. For example, a give already set number of thepower each pedestals of I.C. engine have variety. Actually, we usually discover this kind of variety model will be a frequency to distribute curve, for example t. The distributes.(call the Gauss distribute again)One of the work which designs a personnel is the variety which specifies size for a spare parts and allows, this value canproduce acceptable function. Spare parts business tripWhen there is no appointed accurate size in the diagram, most organizations all have in general use business trip of being applicable to the size. For process size, in general use business trips maying be a is 0.5 millimeters. Therefore being specified to 15.0 millimeter scopes of sizes can be of 14.5-15.5 millimeters. Other in general use business trips can be applicable to such as the angle and drill a hole with blunt bore, The casting, the forging, the welded joint and weld the angle）etc. situation. Can make reference to the diagram of past or general engineering to practice while giving the appointed business trip of a spare parts. The business trip of typical models ising specified is martial become JSO standard define of range. Give to settle business trip to 1, for example H7/s 6, can use for being studying of spare parts size having 1 set and chart to shoulding of number. Underneath this will give concerning pack into inside bore of the concrete example with the stalk or the pillar form match.The standard match of bore and stalk A standard of the engineering work is the business trip which makes sure a pillar form spare parts, installing for example in a tube form spare parts or bore for corresponding of. perhaps is the stalk which revolves in its inner part to match with of loose be decided by application tightly for example, a wheel gear which positions on the stalk needs to be tight of quiet match, here stalk of the diameter compares wheel gear actually of inside path a little bit a little bit big in order to can deliver need of Torque .Furthermore, the diameter of glide bearings has to be big in the diameter of the stalk to make it revolve. On the supposition that speak to cant become the accurate size to the parts manufacturing from the economy, all of the variety of stalk and bore size have to make sure. But, variety of scope shouldnt the too big in order to prevent assemble hour damaged For being unlikely to there is everlasting drive appointed business trip size endlessly, have already drawn up national and international standard to make sure business trip to take, for example hll/cll. For using this data, gave the definition in the traditional business trip usage. Usually what to use is the Basic hole system, because this meeting makes company internal auger needed, wring knife and pull knife and calculate the decrease of tool category. Size: Mean the number of the size numerical value by appropriation unit. Actual size: The parts size got through a diagraph Size extreme limit: The spare parts allows of biggest with most baby size. The biggest size extreme limit: Bigger in two size extreme limits Most baby size extreme limit: Smaller in two size extreme limits of Basic size: Fix the reference size of size extreme limit in order to Deviation: A size with it to should of the algebra of basic size bad Actual deviation: Actual size with it to should of the algebra of basic size bad. Last deviation: The biggest size extreme limit with it to should of the algebra of basic size bad Descend deviation: Most baby size extreme limit with it to should of the algebra of basic size bad Business trip: The biggest size extreme limit with most the bad value of baby size extreme limit. Stalk: Specifying an exterior characteristics with all parts consistently uses technical term Bore: Specify a parts all internal characteristics to consistently use technical term. The initial design creation satisfies appointed demanding solution. The initial design can represent all sub- systems of constituting the whole system with the total of zero partses. Ion and Smith describe an initial design for is become by a series and evaluate a stage to constitute of an iterative process, each stage matches together to become a good solution. At each iterative stage conceive outline more in detail, can more overall valuation. Produce possibly many of or the economy is convenient of conceive outline and the viewpoint is important. There is 1 kind to lure, let you accept the first hopeful conceive outline and carry on a detailed design until end product. Should resist this kind of come-on, because of so as a result the head quarter is more quite a few. Well worth mentioning BE, or early or late your design would have to with those designs competitions which come from other manufactories, so the creation develop of the thoughts should be careful. Is to them to carry on valuation to combine choice next move after producing viewpoint and conceiving outline the best conceive outline.a kind of valuation method is to use row watch matrix. The matrix constitutes to from a series of standard. conceive outline have to ask for help them to beat a cent. If suitable, the importance of the standard can add power, conceiving outline most in keeping withly will have a tallest total cent.This method provided a built-up valuation technique. and make personal viewpoint that can hardly promote their own absurdity in the team. Produced the solution of first step, the next move was to express them, in order to they ability and all involve total design process of the persons communicate actually, this one step can adopt forms of drawing the grass diagram or 3D models, since but physical model also but the calculator born model. Of the total plan has been completed and calculated to determine solutions for product design compatibi- Lity, details of the design phase had been created.中文文献机械设计摘要：机器是机械装置和其他部件的组合，用于转换、传递或利用能量、力或运动以达到有用的目的。例如发动机，涡轮机，车辆，起重机，印刷机，洗衣机和电影摄影机。许多适用于机器的设计原则和方法也适用于不是真正机器的制造品，从轮毂盖和文件柜到仪表和核压力容器。“机械设计”一词的含义比“机械设计”更广泛，包括它们的设计。对于一些设备，热和流体方面，确定的要求的热量，流动路径，和体积分别考虑。然而，运动和结构方面和机械设计中对保持和外壳的规定。应用在机械工程领域，以及其他工程领域，所有这些都需要机械设备，如开关，凸轮，阀门，船舶，搅拌机。关键词：机械设计机构设计过程工差机械设计概述制造任何产品的第一步是设计。机械设计是为了满足人的需要而设计新的或改进的产品的科学技术的应用。它是一个广阔的工程技术领域，它不仅关注产品的原始概念，它的大小，形状和施工细节，但也考虑在产品的生产，销售和使用的各种因素。执行机器设计的各种功能的人通常被称为设计师或设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的活动。然而，除了创新，设计工程师还必须有坚实的背景，在机械制图，运动学，动力学，材料工程，材料和制造工艺的实力。在这里，我们以材料的选择为例。近年来，工程材料的选择已显得非常重要。此外，过程应该是一个不断的重新评估。新材料经常可用，可能会减少其他人的可用性。关注环境污染，回收和工人的健康和安全往往施加新的限制。减轻体重或节约能源的愿望可能会决定使用不同的材料。来自国内和国际竞争的压力，增加的服务要求，和客户反馈可能都促进材料重新评估。产品责任行为的程度，往往是材料使用不当的结果，产生了明显的影响。此外，材料和加工之间的相互依存关系已成为更好地认识。新工艺的发展常常迫使对正在加工的材料进行重新评估。因此，它是必要的，设计和制造工程师在选择，指定和利用材料，如果他们以合理的成本达到满意的结果，仍然保证质量相当谨慎。在机械加工中，铣削和磨削一直是设计者考虑的问题。除了车削和钻孔外，铣削无疑是应用最广泛的金属切削方法。非常适合和容易适应经济生产的任何数量的零件，几乎无限的多功能性的铣削工艺值得关注和考虑的设计者认真关注他们的产品的制造。磨削是最常用的零件加工方法之一，它具有非常接近的公差和较低的表面粗糙度。目前，有磨床几乎所有类型的磨削操作。零件的特殊设计特点很大程度上决定了磨床的类型。在处理成本过高，零件重新设计，以使用更便宜，更高的输出研磨方法可能是值得的。例如，在可能的情况下，应采用适当的设计考虑的中心磨削生产经济。虽然磨削通常被认为是一个精加工操作，它通常被用来作为一个完整的加工过程的工作，可以地面粗糙的条件下，而不被车削或其他加工。因此，许多类型的锻件和其他零件完全完成砂轮与可观的节省时间和费用。此外，非传统制造工艺的应用将带来更大胆和创新的设计。传统的制造工艺在今天使用的材料去除主要依靠电机和硬工具材料执行的任务，如锯，钻，拉削。传统的成形操作是由电动机、液压和重力的能量来完成的。同样地，材料的连接通常是由热的能量源，如燃烧气体和电弧完成。与此相反，非传统制造工艺的能源来源被认为是非传统的昨天的标准。材料去除，现在可以完成与电化学反应，高速射流的液体和磨料。在过去的材料已经非常难以形成，现在形成了磁场，炸药，和强大的电火花冲击波.随着高频声波和电子束的使用，材料连接能力得到了扩展。在过去的50年中，已经发明了超过20种不同的非传统制造工艺并成功地应用到生产中。有这么多的非传统过程的原因是相同的原因有这么多的常规工艺，每个过程都有自己的特性和局限性，因此没有一个过程是最好的所有的制造情况。在其他情况下，非传统的过程被用来减少由旧的制造方法所经历的拒绝的数目，通过增加可重复性，减少易碎工件的过程中的破损，或通过最小化对工件性能的不利影响。如前所述，机械设计的目的是生产出一种能满足人类需要的产品。发明，发现和科学知识本身并不一定对人有利，只有当它们被纳入设计产品将受益。因此，应当认识到，在特定产品设计之前必须确定人的需要。机械设计应该被认为是一个机会，使用创新的人才，设想一个产品的设计，分析系统，然后作出正确的判断如何制造产品。重要的是要了解工程的基本原理，而不是仅仅记住事实和方程式。有没有事实或方程式，单独可以用来提供所有正确的决定，以产生良好的设计。另一方面，任何计算都必须极其谨慎和精确。良好的设计需要尝试新的想法，并愿意采取一定的风险，知道如果新的想法行不通，现有的方法可以恢复。因此，设计师必须有耐心，因为没有保证成功的时间和精力消耗。创造一个全新的设计通常需要许多古老而行之有效的方法被搁置一旁。这是不容易的，因为许多人坚持熟悉的想法，技术和态度。设计工程师应不断探索改进现有产品的途径和必须决定哪些旧，证明概念应该用什么新的观点应该尝试股份有限公司。在设计的开始阶段，创造性应该允许没有大量的限制。即使许多不切实际的想法可能出现，它通常是很容易消除他们在设计的早期阶段之前，公司的细节需要制造。这样，创新思路不受抑制。很多时候，不止一个设计被开发出来，到了可以相互比较的地步。这是完全可能的，最终被接受的设计将使用的想法存在于一个被拒绝的设计，没有表现出尽可能多的整体承诺。另一个值得认识的重要点是，设计工程师必须能够将想法传达给其他人，如果他们被纳入。最初，设计师必须沟通初步设计得到管理层的批准。这通常是通过口头讨论，结合图纸布局和书面材料。为了有效沟通，必须回答以下问题：（1）设计是否真的符合人类的需要？（2）竞争对手的现有产品是否具有竞争力？（3）生产是否经济？（4）能否容易保养？（5）会出售和盈利吗？设计过程设计从真实的或想象的需求开始。现有的仪器可能需要采取以改善耐久性，效率，重量，速度或成本。可能需要新的仪器完成之前由人做的功能，如组装或维护。目标全部或部分地确定后，下一步的设计构思组织能够完成所需功能和安排，绘制草图是赤手空拳的最大价值，这不仅仅是一个人的记录与辅助手段别人讨论的观点，适合与自己的观点尤其是沟通，是造成思维还需要有关方面的广泛知识性的兴奋剂，因为一台新机器通常从熟悉每种零件重新安排或替换而成，也许改变尺寸和材料。无论在构思大纲过程中还是以后，设计都会进行一个快速或粗略的计算或分析来确定规则的大小和可能性。当一些需要或可以使用观点保证的空间量后，可以开始按比例绘制草图。最后，我根据设计完成了功能和信誉，可以做实物机。如果测试满足，并且如果设备要批量生产，将对第一设计进行一定的修改以保证低成本批量生产。以后几年的使用期，设计可能因为构思大纲的新观点或者根据测试和经验基础进一步分析所显示的变化而改变。销售吸引力、客户满意度和制造成本都与设计有关，设计能力与工程投资的