九年级英语阅读课件.ppt

高考英语阅读专题复习,主要内容：,一、技巧方法,阅读能力 阅读心理 解题方法 习惯培养,二、题型分析,s,三、课后作业,一、阅读理解能力,1 理解主旨要义 2 理解文中具体信息 3 根据上下文猜测生词的意义 4 做出简单判断的推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图和态度,二、阅读心理,第一种模式：“自下而上”式。该模式强调语篇本身作用，认为阅读是一系列信息处理过程。由低级的字词解码到最终获取信息的过程。 第二种模式：“自上而下”式。该模式强调读者的背景知识在理解中的作用，认为阅读是一种选择、猜测、预测、检验和证实的过程，是一种心理语言学的猜测游戏。 第三种模式：“交互作用”模式，认为阅读是上述两种模式交互作用过程。,1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章。 2. 速读全文，了解大意知主题。 3.详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。,三、解题方法,四、培养良好阅读习惯,1.扩大视距 2.克服声读 3 克服逐字读,五、阅读题型讲解及分析,1.主旨大意题 2.推理判断题 3.词义推测题 4.细节理解题,1.主旨大意题,主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。,常见的命题方式：,What is the main idea of this passage? What dose this passage mainly concern? The main theme of this passage is_ The main point of the passage is_ Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is_ The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_ Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?,文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：,1.主题句位于句首。 2.主题句位于段末。 3. 主题句首尾呼应。 4.主题句位于段落的中间。 5.主题句隐含在段意之中。,典型例子分析：,The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。 Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。 Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year。 Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpgassuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008安徽卷) This passage is mainly about _。 A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips,【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。 针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。,2.推理判断题,推理判断题通常占总题数的15%30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。 这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。,常见的命题方式：,From paragraph one we can infer that_ What can be inferred from the passage? We can infer from the text that? What can we learn from? We can conclude from the passage that_ The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that_ The author implies that_ This passage would most likely be found in_ The authors attitude towardis_?,推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵 ：,1.要吃透文章的字面意思 。 2.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，符合逻辑地推理。 3.要忠实于原文 。 4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。,典型例题：,As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friends house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, hes out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. Its similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone Im looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk。” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while。 It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008天津卷) 55. How does the author feel about his childhood? A. Happy but short. B. Lonely but memorable。 C. Boring and meaningless. D. Long and unforgettable。,【解析】 本文描述了小时侯玩耍的“树林”对与“我”和朋友们的意义。主要讲述了我们在“树林”中所从事的活动探索，以及之后随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的过程。从全文看，作者在“树林”里过的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，当我们一部分人上了七年级之后。我们在“树林”中的玩耍就结束了。很短暂。因此，正确选项为A。 做这一类题时一定注意： 1.把握文中意，切勿主观臆断 2.要特别注意那些描写环境气氛、感情、态度观点的词语和作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 3.能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。,3.词义推测题,该题型主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对猜词悟义能力的考查，试题中有一到两个小题是直接考查词义猜测的。从考查内容看主要有猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。,常见的命题方式：,Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? The wordcould best be replaced by? In theparagraph, the wordmeans(refers to) According to the passage,probably means The authors uses the wordto mean The wordis most likely to mean。,典型例题：,Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。 “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste。” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。 (2008广东卷) 41. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means _。 A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation,【解析】 D 由上文中提到的 “he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。”以及“There was just a complete gap in taste。”可知gulf应表示两代人之间关系的“代沟”。separation指“分开，分离”。 猜测词义时更多用到的方法是：结合上下文的意 义、线索、内在逻辑关系。一般情况下，上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难作出判断的，就考虑用句法和内在逻辑方法去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案，反之则排除。,4.细节理解题,细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中占有相当大的比例。细节题可分为两种类型：一种是答案几乎可以直接出短文中获得，正确答案和原文中含相关信息的句子也几乎相同；另一种细节题要复杂一些，正确答案可能是原文某一事实的结果、原因、前提等。 细节理解题的特点是：要选择的答案一定要在短文中找到相关的词、短语、句子或段落。在阅读过程中对一些涉及到who, what, when, where, how, why等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确的查找。,常见的命题方式：,According to the author, who/what/when/ where/which/why/how? Which of the following statements is true/not true? The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that_ Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text? The author states all of the following EXCEPT_ 当问题中含有not,except,but等表示否定、排除等意义的词时，需要进行逆向思维。因此，一定要保持思维清晰、认真审题，不要武断。,典型例题：,Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn。 According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree。 (2008江西卷) 56. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn? A. It was not historically recorded B. Its horn was first used in France C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx D. It could be the symbol of a university,【解析】 56. D A项错误是因为与第一段第二句不吻合；B项错误是因为与第三段中的事实不符，文中只提到了the French court用了unicorn horn，时间是the French Revolution in 1789，并未说这是第一次使用；C项错在与第一段不符，文中只提到了Aristotle的理论阐述，并没有说人们对the Indian Ass和the Oryx熟悉；D项与第一段倒数第二句内容吻合。 对细节考查通常涉及一些长难句，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再加附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断从句，再分析各自的意义，最后联合整句意义。对于细节理解题要认真，周全考虑方能选取正确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。干扰项常是以下几种情况：选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求；选项本身错误或原文根本没有提到；选项中含有原文信息，但其中个别词描述的不准确，这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要十分注意。,课后练习,My grandfather grew up in war-torn Europe. When German soldiers occupied his hometown the thriving city of Ta row Poland he refused to obey them and eventually joined the Soviet army to fight for his countrys freedom .“Stand straight stand tall ” he told himself. After the war in 1947 he boarded a boat for Manhattan. He was hungry and suffering from seasickness. All alone in a new country he was frightened about his future .Still he marched head-on into the hustle and bustle of the streets of New York . Soon he met other European immigrants each of them trying to find his or her own way .If they could do it why couldnt he “Stand straight stand tall” he would remind himself. Thanks to the help of a loyal and trusting friend my grandfather gained a jewelry booth on Canal Street New York City .He once told me how nervous he was on that first day of work. He was not only trying to learn this tough new business but also a new language. To his surprise the men in neighboring boothswho could have taken advantage of himoffered their help and advice. Within months my grandfather was commanding his spot behind the counter selling diamonds and cultured pearls as if hed been doing it his whole life. Stand straight and stand tall. In later years my grandfather would take both my mother and her sister down the aisle at their weddings. Ashe stood with each of them he thought about their new beginnings and of the adventures and journeys they would experience together .He also thought about the children who would one day carry on his family name. I am so proud to be one of those children. Listening to my grandfathers remarkable experiences has changed the way I view my own life.,56