《二轮复习专题二》PPT课件.ppt

专题二 形容词、副词和介词,形容词、副词 考点一 形容词、副词的比较等级 1. (2015四川)Andy is content with the toy. It is the _(good) he has ever got. 2. (2014大纲全国)Raymonds parents wanted him to have _(good) possible education. 3. (2013新课标全国)It may not be a great suggestion. But before a _(good) one is put forward, well make do with it.,4. (2013天津)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are _(meaningful) things to do. 5. (2013辽宁)This is by far _(inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.,考点二 形容词、副词词性转换 6. (2015安徽)Im so _(gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. 7. (2015福建)It was _(consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 8. (2015湖北)Even though the conference hall is near his aprartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _(punctuality).,9. (2015浙江)Listening is thus an active, not a _, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering. 10. (2015浙江)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was _(former)alive. 11. (2015安徽)They gave money to the old peoples home either _(personal)or through their companies.,12. (2015湖北)The girl used to be shy, but is _(gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. 13. (2014新课标全国)The river was so polluted that it _(actual) caught fire and burned.,14. (2014新课标全国)While there are _(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 15. (2014辽宁)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _(soft). 16. (2014新课标全国)Just be _ (patience).,考点三 倍数表示法(完成句子) 17. (2013安徽)Its said that the power plant is now _(两倍大) what it was. 18. (2012全国)This restaurant wasnt _(有的一半好) that other restaurant we went to.,答案与解析 1. 答案 best 解析 句意：Andy对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的。It is+the+形容词最高级+sb. has/have done为固定句型。 2. the best 3. better 4. more meaningful 5. the most inspiring,6. 答案 grateful 解析 句意：我是如此感激那些志愿者，因为他们帮助我快乐地结束了令人极不愉快的那一天。be grateful to“对感激的”。 7. 答案 considerate 解析 句意：迈克尔考虑得非常周到，他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间，以防我们担心。considerate“考虑周到的”。,8. 答案 punctual 解析 句意：尽管会议厅在他的公寓附近，可是如果他想按时到达的话也要稍微快一点。punctual“准时的”。 9. 答案 passive 解析 句意：听力是一种由倾听、理解和记忆共同组成的主动而非被动的行为。由not和active这两个信息词，可知答案为passive。,10. 答案 formerly 解析 句意：但凡我们知道一点我们食物的来源，我们大多数人就会明白，进入我们嘴里的每一口食物，之前都是有生命的。formerly“以前，原来”。 11. 答案 personally 解析 句意：他们要么是亲自给敬老院钱要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。personally“亲自”。,12. 答案 gradually 解析 句意：这个女孩过去很腼腆，但是她逐渐变得积极参加集体活动了，也更愿意表达自己了。设空处需用副词作状语。gradually“慢慢地，逐渐地”。 13. actually 14. amazing 15. softly 16. patient 17. twice as large as 18. half as good as,重点难点梳理 一、形容词、副词的比较等级 1. 平级比较 (1)as+形容词(副词)原级+as .“和一样”。 not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as .“不如”。 John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. 约翰踢足球就算不比大卫强，但至少和他踢得一样好。,(2)as+形容词原级+a(n)+n.+as .“跟一样”。 (2014江西六校联考)We should give the disabled encouragement to live as rich and full a life as we do. 我们应该鼓励残疾人过上和我们一样丰富多彩的生活。,2. 比较级的常见句型 (1)比较级+than .“比更”；less . than“不如”。 This year they have produced less grain than they did last year. 他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。 (2)the+比较级, the+比较级“越，越”。 Its believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。,(3)the+比较级+of the+名词/代词“两者中较的”。 Who is the younger of the two boys? 这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个? (4)no worse/better than .“与一样都不坏/不好”。 (2014南昌部分重点中学检测) This skirt is very beautiful! 这个裙子很漂亮。 Yes, at least its no worse than the one I bought last week. 是的，至少与我上星期买的一样都不坏。,3. 表示最高级的句型 (1)the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。 The last thing I want to do is to offend you. 我最不愿做的事情就是冒犯你。,(2)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。 (2014北京海淀期末) What do you think of your new Pad? 你觉得你新买的平板电脑怎么样? Good. I dont think I can find a better one. 很好。我想这是我能买到的最好的平板电脑了。,4. 比较等级前的修饰语 比较等级前常用的修饰语有：a little, a bit, slightly, much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。 (2011江西) The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. 我不得不说这部电影一点儿意思也没有。 Why? Its far more interesting than the films I have ever seen. 为什么?它比我以前看过的所有电影都有趣多了。,二、倍数表达法 1. 倍数+as+形容词(副词)原级+as . 2. 倍数+the size/length/width/depth/height of . 3. 倍数+比较级+than+被比较对象 (2014皖西四校第二次考试)The geography teacher tells us that China has almost the same size as the USA but its population is six times as large as/the size of/larger than that of the USA. 地理老师告诉我们，中国在面积上与美国几乎一样大，但是人口却是美国的六倍。,(2014安徽江南十校联考)It is reported that the United States consumes four times as much energy as the whole of Africa. 据报道，美国消耗的能源是整个非洲的四倍。,易混易错点拨 形容词、副词的误用及对策 1. 形容词、副词的误用主要包括： (1)形容词原级误用成副词原级或副词原级误用成形容词原级； (2)不可分级的形容词或副词误用为比较级或最高级结构； (3)形容词或副词比较级和最高级的混淆。,2. 要识别这类错误，考生应注意以下几点： (1)搞清形容词或副词在句中充当的成分及其所修饰的词语，判断是否存在误用情况。形容词修饰名词，在句中充当定语、表语或补足语；副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子，在句中充当状语。 (2)熟悉某些特殊形式的比较级和最高级，比如good better best, little less least等。,(3)熟悉常见的比较结构，如as . as同级比较、the+比较级 ., the+比较级 .等。 (4)了解一些本身含有比较意义的形容词，如superior, senior等，这些词没有比较级和最高级形式，表示比较时也不与than连用，而与to连用。,创新演练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The workers in the factory are so _(accustom) to the noise of the machines that they dont even notice it while working. 2. Tom, who works _(hard) of all the students in our class, will go abroad next term.,3. You can believe me. I will _(absolute) stand on your side in the election. 4. Thank you for your invitation. I have never been to a(n) _(excite) party before. 5. The busier he is, the _(happy) he will be. 6. I am not satisfied _ his work at all because it cant be any _(bad).,7. He was the only boy _(wake) at the time of the earthquake. 8. _(expect), the student whose English was the best in our class failed the exam. 9. Obviously, Tom is by far _ (good) student of the two.,答案与解析 1. 答案 accustomed 解析 短语be accustomed to sth./doing sth.表示“习惯于某事/做某事”。 2. 答案 (the)hardest 解析 由题干中的of all the students in our class可知，本题应填副词hard的最高级形式，副词最高级前可省略定冠词the。,3. 答案 absolutely 解析 分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词stand。 4. 答案 more exciting 解析 此处比较级用在否定句中表达最高级的含义。此处表示我以前从没有参加过比这更令人激动的聚会。 5. 答案 happier 解析 此处是“the+比较级 ., the+比较级 .”结构。此处表示他越忙碌，就会越快乐。,6. 答案 with, worse 解析 第一空处be satisfied with为固定搭配，表示“对满意”；第二空处比较级用在否定句中表示最高级的含义，形容词bad的比较级为worse。it cant be any worse表示“糟得不能再糟了”。 7. 答案 awake 解析 分析句子结构可知，此处需要用形容词作后置定语。表语形容词awake表示“醒着的”，以a-开头的形容词一般只能作后置定语，不能作前置定语。,8. 答案 Unexpectedly 解析 分析句子结构可知，此处要用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。根据语境可知，此处应填Unexpectedly，表示“出乎意料地”。 9. 答案 the better 解析 结合语境和句中的by far可知，此处应用比较级。表示两者比较，比较级后有被修饰的名词时，常在比较级前加定冠词the。,二、单句改错 1. (2015宁夏银川一中月考)Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. _ 2. The doctor said there was nothing seriously with her. _ 3. I write to my mother every week, most on Sundays. _,4. Zaire is the second large producer of diamonds. _ 5. After making a carefully examination, the doctor said, “You are in a very good state of health for a woman of your age.” _ 6. The dog may be a good companion for the old. Therefore, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage. _,7. Hearing the news that he failed in the exam, he felt very sadly. _ 8. He has to work if he wants to live comfortable. _,9. When he was young, he read a lot, and late he became a famous writer of his day. _ 10. This is a most beautiful park. I have never seen a best one before. _,答案与解析 1. 答案 interestedinteresting 解析 表示“(事件本身)有趣的”，用现在分词形式的形容词。句意：因此，我给他们讲有趣的故事，告诉(他们)我有多么喜欢巴西。 2. 答案 seriouslyserious 解析 修饰不定代词nothing，用于说明其性质和程度，应该用形容词作后置定语。,3. 答案 mostmostly 解析 副词mostly表示“大部分地；主要地”，此处作“大多数”讲，故将most改为mostly。most作副词时，意为“最”。 4. 答案 largelargest 解析 根据句意可知，此处表示最高级意义，largest前加序数词表示“第几大”。 5. 答案 carefullycareful 解析 examination是名词，要用形容词来修饰。,6. 答案 ThereforeHowever 解析 句意：狗或许是老年人的好朋友，然而带着它散步可能不方便。disadvantage是关键词，由此可知前后两句是转折关系，故用however。 7. 答案 sadlysad 解析 此处felt为系动词，后面应跟形容词作表语，故应用sad。 8. 答案 comfortablecomfortably 解析 修饰动词live，应用副词comfortably。,9. 答案 latelater 解析 late作形容词或副词，意为“迟，晚”；later作副词，意为“后来”，符合语境。 10. 答案 bestbetter 解析 此处用比较级better，放在否定句中表达最高级。,三、完成句子 1. Even in some developed countries, disabled people are _ to be denied healthcare than other people. 甚至在一些发达国家，残疾人被拒绝医疗服务的几率比其他人高三倍。 2. Goods imported from abroad _ those made in China. 从国外进口的产品并不一定比中国的好。 Yes. Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality. 是的。国内制造的一些东西质量也很好。,3. _ you practise, _ you can understand. 你练习得越多，理解得就越透。 4. As far as Im concerned, he is _ a lie. 就我个人而言，他是最不可能撒谎的人。 5. Your story is wonderful, Ive never heard _ before. 你的故事真精彩，我以前从没听说过比这更好的故事。,答案 1. three times more likely 2. are not always better than 3. The more; the better 4. the last man to tell 5. a better one,介 词 考点一 常用介词 1. (2015重庆)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average. 2. (2014新课标全国) When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board, I got a place next _ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.,3. (2014北京)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. 4. (2014陕西)The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 5. (2014江西)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.,6. (2015浙江)Most people work because its unavoidable. _ contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work. 7. (2015浙江)These comments came in response _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 8. (2015浙江)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?,9. (2015江苏)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _ Thomas Edison. 10. (2015安徽)They believe that there are transport developments _ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better. 11. (2015福建)A common memory they all have _ their schooldays is the school uniform.,12. (2015福建)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony _ nature. 13. (2015湖北)This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 14. (2015陕西)The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.,考点二 固定搭配中的介词 15. (2014浙江)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ return.,答案与解析 1. 答案 above 解析 句意：去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年，全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示“在之上，高于”，所以要用介词above。 2. to 3. in 4. with 5. despite/in spite of,6. 答案 By 解析 句意：大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的，相比之下，还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。by contrast“相比之下，对比而言”。 7. 答案 to 解析 句意：对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题，这些评论正好作出了回复。in response to“作为对的回应”。,8. 答案 to 解析 句意：你听说过成为陆地上和海里的动物的栖息地的树吗?be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地”。 9. 答案 for 解析 句意：要不是Thomas Edison，许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案为for。but for“要不是”。,10. 答案 around 解析 句意：他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。around the corner“就要到来”。 11. 答案 of 解析 句意：他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本句包含一个定语从句they all have _ their schooldays，将先行词memory代入定语从句后为They all have a common memory _ their schooldays.由此可见设空处填of。of可用于说明动作的名词之后，表示动作的对象。,12. 答案 with 解析 句意：人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。in harmony with“与协凋”。 13. 答案 in 解析 句意：这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。in advance“提前，事先”。,14. 答案 by 解析 句意：那个小学生挽着奶奶的手臂带她过了马路。take sb. by the arm“挽着某人的手臂”。此处的by表示“抓着(物体或身体的某个部位)”。 15. in,重点难点梳理 一、常用介词 近几年常考的介词中，一词多义或较难的有： 1. against (表示方位)倚靠着；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以为背景 (2012陕西)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。,2. off (表示位置)在的外面，在的沿海；(表示方向)偏离；从离开 (2014重庆)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road. 她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。,3. over (表示位置)在的正上方，在的上面；(表示方向)越过；(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上；超过；(表示时间或过程)在期间 (2011山东)Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks. 很抱歉我没有给您打电话，但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。,4. beyond (表示位置)在另一边，在更远处；(表示程度)超出，非所能及 (2014合肥名校二模)To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me. 被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人，我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。,5. with (表示关系)和在一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用，凭借；(表示对象)关于；(表示伴随)随着；(表示原因)由于，因为 (2010重庆)The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money with me. 这本词典是我想要的东西，但我身上没带那么多钱。,6. through (表示位置)穿过；(表示时间)整个；(表示手段、媒介)依据，经由 (2010重庆)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years. 毕业时是向那些在艰难岁月里帮助过你的人表示感谢的妤机会。,【特别注意】,二、介词的固定搭配 介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。近五年考查到的介词(短语)的固定搭配有： 1.in in the meanwhile 同时 in the way 阻挡 in time 及时；最终,in detail 详细地 in addition to 此外，除之外 in favour of 同意 in case 以免；万一 in return 作为回报 in exchange for 用以交换,2. for be praised for 因为受到表扬 for life 终生 for the benefit of 为了的利益 as for 就而论；关于 be trained for 被训练为 for lack of 由于缺乏,3. on on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on condition that . 以作为条件 4. with have an appointment with 与有约会 with regard to 关于 above average 在平均数以上 above all 首先；最重要的是,5. by by chance 偶然；碰巧 by name 用名字；名叫 6.from apart from 除之外 far from 远非 7. against warn sb. against(doing)sth. 警告某人不要做某事,8. out of out of control 失去控制 out of place 不在合适的位置；不适当的 out of ones reach 某人够不着的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问,【例】 (2015新课标全国)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,【解析】 by。从桂林乘车到这里仅用一个小时。此处表示交通方式，介词by后跟表示交通工具的名词不用冠词。by car“乘汽车”。,(2014天津) In addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support. 除了学校，村里还有一个诊所，这个诊所也是政府帮助修建的。 (2012安徽)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be for life. 你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊却可以终生受用。,(2014山东威海期中)Ill raise both hands in favour of banning smoking inside the schoolyard. 我举双手赞成校园内禁止吸烟。,易混易错点拨 介词误用及对策 介词在句中不能单独使用，而必须和另外的词放在一起构成短语后才可以充当独立的句子成分。 1. 改错中介词的误用主要有以下几种情况： (1)介词与其他各类词的搭配错误； (2)缺少介词或介词赘余。,2. 要识别这类错误，考生应注意以下几点： (1)平时多积累、总结介词的用法； (2)注意动词与介词、名词与介词、形容词与介词等习惯搭配中的介词； (3)注意介词短语、动词短语等固定短语中的介词； (4)不同的介词与动词搭配构成的动词短语含义不同； (5)不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语，若跟宾语，后面必须加上相应的介词。,【例】 (2014四川)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.,【解析】 wait后加for。wait为不及物动词，后加宾语时必须与介词for搭配，构成动词短语wait for。,创新演练 一、用适当的介词填空 1. (2016福建闽清联考改编)The children dressed _ long wool coats stopped to look at us. 2. (2016福建厦门双十中学检测改编)The desire for selfimprovement has led many Chinese students to pursue educational opportunities _ physical classrooms.,3. (2016山东荷泽联考改编)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color. 4. (2016江苏南通中学改编)She works well with those who are superior _ her in the company. 5. (2016江苏盐城调研改编)_ the Hong Kong singers current popularity, she was largely unknown in Chinese mainland before the talent show.,6. (2016北京东城联考改编)I have an appointment _ Dr. Brown, but I need to change it. 7. (2016陕西西安联考改编)Whoever comes here to have the meeting will be treated _ a wonderful dinner. 8. (2016浙江名校联考改编)Anyway, I cant tell lies about it its _ my principles, you know.,9. (2016陕西五校联考改编)The government has taken measures to bring _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. 10. (2016湖北八校联考改编)In every classroom stands a bookshelf on which are various magazines and reference books, making reading materials more accessible _ the students.,答案与解析 1. 答案 in 解析 句意：穿着长羊毛外套的孩子们停下来看着我们。be dressed in意为“穿着”，为固定搭配。 2. 答案 beyond 解析 句意：自我完善的愿望促使许多中国学生去追求超越实体课堂教育的机会。beyond意为“超出”。,3. 答案 in 解析 句意：由于有了这项新的科技，水下的山谷可以被拍成彩色照片。in color意为“彩色的”。符合句意。 4. 答案 to 解析 句意：她与公司那些职务高于她的人相处得很好。be superior to意为“优于；高于”，为固定短语。,5. 答案 Despite 解析 句意：虽然这个香港歌手现在很受欢迎，但是在才艺秀之前她在内地还不为人知。despite意为“虽然”，符合句意。 6. 答案 with 解析 句意：我与布朗先生有约，但我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb. 意为“与某人有约”，为固定短语。,7. 答案 to 解析 句意：所有来这儿开会的人都将享用美好的晚餐。treat sb. to sth.意为“款待，招待某人享用”，是固定短语。 8. 答案 against 解析 句意：无论如何，对于这件事我不能说谎，你知道这违背了我的原则。against意为“反对,违反”，符合句意。,9. 答案 down 解析 句意：政府已经采取措施降低日常用品的高价以维持市场稳定。bring down意为“使降低”，为固定短语。 10. 答案 to 解析 句意：每个教室都有一个书架，上面摆着各种杂志和参考书，这使得学生查阅资料更容易。be accessible to为固定搭配，意为“易得到的，易使用的”。,二、单句改错 1. In the villages, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay. All but the aged and the women stay at home. _ 2. Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over one made of natural fibers like cotton, wool or silk.