《英语四级写作专题》PPT课件.ppt

四级写作专题,内容提要,一 作文类型介绍 二 主题阐述型写作 三 观点分析型写作 四 总结,一 四级作文类型介绍,命题特点和趋势 1.考试内容多以学生熟悉的日常学习生活和应该关心的社会热点为主。 2.题材多以议论文和说明文为主，偶尔考些简单的应用文，且多以信函为主。 3.命题形式以文字提纲为主，图表提纲为辅。 4.题目主要是陈述性短语、句子或一般疑问句。,2005-2012年历年作文真题统计分析,2005-2012年历年作文真题统计分析,类 型,作文类型,议论文,主题阐述型,观点分析型,现象解释型,问题解决型,观点对比型,观点论证型,英语文章的结构特点,英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。 简而言之，英语文章共有三大特点： 1、 观点鲜明的开头； 2、 紧扣主题的结尾； 3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。,文章总体构建,二 主题阐述型写作,2010年6月英语四级考试真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为,主题阐述型试题回顾,2011年6月四级英语作文真题 Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3.我的建议,特点总结,Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 1、如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2、出现这种情况的原因 3、为了改变这种状况，我认为,习作讲解,写作分析,第一步：审题（2分钟） 1. 题目：学生不重视拼写的现象 2. 三个段首句： A段. 引出现象及造成的影响。 B段. 指出造成这种现象的原因。 C段. 表明你的个人观点及建议,第二步：布局（15分钟） 1. 用英语铺设三个段首句： A段： Students attach less importance to the spelling of words. B段： There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. C段： Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it.,2. 列出三段各自框架及语言要点：（只写出基本句型结构和句子主要素） A段：拓展句：This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers. B 段：拓展句： A. exam-oriented education B. some teachers C. some students,C段：拓展句：A.Exams should be modified to add some factors into it B. Schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers to realize its importance. C. students themselves, they can, through other ways, make themselves interested in word spelling. 结尾句：Only by these can we surely realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.,Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers. （引出话题及产生的影响）,Sample:如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写,句型变换,There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to memorize words. （分析原因，层次分明）,Sample:出现这种情况的原因,Sample:为了改变这种状况，我认为 Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize its importance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make themselves interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surely realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.,With the development of modern society, more and more people Thus, has aroused wide concern among college students. According to, people, especially college students, are showing more and more interest in As society develops, people are attaching much importance to. Therefore, gradually becomes a heated discussion in the society. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has caused/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of In recent years there exists an increasingly serious social and economic problem of,There are numerous reasons why. And I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Firstly; Secondly; Finally. Why such phenomenon is so heated recently? Id like to present two explanations for this. For one thing; For another. There are a couple of reasons producing this problem. This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First,Second,Third, I quite agree with the statement thatThe reasons are chiefly as follows.,For the reasons listed above, I think effective measures should be taken to prevent things getting worse. It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). It is time to take the advice ofand to put special emphasis on the improvement of There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of Obviously, if we want to do sth, it is essential that Only in this way can we It must be realized that ,first, second, third, last firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly to begin with( at first), then, furthermore (whats more), finally（强烈推荐） to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） most important of all, moreover, finally on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,Nowadays/In recent years/In modern society, 描述问题，which has/have been brought into focus / aroused great concern . (进一步描述问题或变化) The reasons for this phenomenon are varied. Among all these reasons, 原因一 plays/play a critical role. Moreover/Furthermore/Whats more, 原因二. Besides, 原因三. In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. /Considering the seriousness of the problem, it is an urgent thing for us to take effective measures to 解决该 问题. First of all, 方法一. Moreover, 方法二. In addition, 方法三. Only through these ways/Only in this way该问题才能解决.,主题阐述型作文模板,College Students Job Hunting 1. 近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象 2. 产生这种现象的原因 3. 如何解决这一问题,写作练习 熟能生巧,In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon? (提出问题段),There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good” enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs. (说明原因段),Solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students. The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-toearth in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent. (解决问题段),The Sky-Rocketing Price of Apartments in Chinese Cities 近年来中国城市房价不断上涨； 中国城市房价不断上涨的原因； 你的看法。,Homework,In recent years there exists an increasingly serious social and economic problem of the house/property price in Chinese cities sky-rocketing. In giant cities such as Beijing and Shanghai the price of every square meter has already gone up to 30, 000 yuan. Some urban Chinese cant afford to buy a flat. Others complain loudly about becoming “mortgage slaves”.,There are a couple of reasons producing this problem. Firstly, Chinese treat flats as “stores of value, like gold”. With few other investment options in a closed economy, they put a big chunk of savings into real estate. Secondly, there is urbanization. According to the State Council, as many as 400 million people could move to cities over the next two decades. The potential demand of apartments is big. Finally, the earth price is rising very quickly.,From my standpoint, the sky-rocketing price of apartments in Chinese cities might create a dangerous property bubble which will exert a strong negative impact on the social stability, economic structure and competitive force of our nation. Strict measures are supposed to be taken to regulate and control the ever-rising price of houses. On the one hand, the down payment rate should be greatly raised. On the other hand, the property tax must be implemented as soon as possible. Besides, many low-price apartments for people to buy or rent should be built by the government.,三 观点分析型写作 (观点对比型&观点论证型）,观点对比型：辨析两种对立观点,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness） 2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil） 3.我的看法,习作讲解,写作分析,第一步：审题（2分钟） 1. 话题：金钱是否能买到幸福 2. 四个段首句： A段. 主题句 B段. 正方观点及原因（影响）。 C段. 反方观点及原因（影响）。 D段. 表明你的个人观点及理由。,第二步：布局（15分钟） 1. 用英语铺设四个段首句： A段： Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. B段： Some people think that money is the source of happiness. C段： But there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. D段： As far as I am concerned, even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy happiness.,2. 列出三段各自框架及语言要点：（只写出基本句型结构和句子主要素） A段： 拓展句：Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. B段：拓展句： With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. C段：拓展句： 1)Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. 2) Some people become criminal. 3) Some people lose their lives.,D段：拓展句： 1) But even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy happiness. 2). Happiness is a state of mind. 3). Being greedy. 结尾句：In a (one ) word, although money is necessary for a happy life, it cant buy happiness. .,Sample:不同的人有不同的看法。,Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers.,句型变换,Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think, is the source of happiness.正方观点及原因（影响）。,Sample:有的人认为金钱是幸福之本。,But there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people become criminals just because they are in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that cant be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it. 反方观点及原因（影响）。,Sample:有的人认为金钱是万恶之源。,As far as I am concerned, even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy happiness. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems .（我的观点及理由）,Sample:有的人认为金钱不一定能买到幸福。,Sample 结尾,In a word, although money is necessary for a happy life, it cant buy happiness.,开头句,1 There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of . 2 As we all know, the general public has been debating whether is a blessing or a curse. 3 Nowadays, is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. However, peoples opinions are still divided on this point. 4 With a gradual/sharp growth (progress/arrival) of/in , people become more and more concerned about 5 It is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of for one, such as, but, compared with, it seems more/less attractive to me. 6 It is widely believed by many people for some time that . 7 It is universally acknowledged that 8 It is undoubted that ; there is no doubt that; undoubtedly, there is; It is beyond doubt that .,有些人认为,1 Many / Some people contend / believe / argue /maintain/assume/ claim/acknowledge that 2 Some may see/regard/consider/view it as,另外一些人认为,1 Yet others react to the issue / matter the other way around and hold / assert that the opposite is just reasonable / more acceptable. 2 However, others contend / believe / argue /maintain/assume/ claim/acknowledge that 3 But some people are opposed to the matter and they insist that,1 As far as I am concerned, however, I would prefer to value it as 2 I adhere to / stick to the opinion / view / truth that 3 If I were asked to make a choice between the two, however, I would like to attach more weight to the latter/former than to the former/latter 4 As for me, I prefer 5 For my part, I am in favor of 6 From my point of view, I side with 7 In my eyes, I would highlight. 8 It is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of for one, such as, but, compared with, it seems more/les attractive to me.,结尾,1 All in all, 2 To sum up, 3 To draw a conclusion, 4 Based on what has been mentioned,Can Money Buy Happiness?,Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think, is the source of happiness. But there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that cant be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it. I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy happiness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. In a word, although money is necessary for a happy life, it cant buy happiness.,1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that_. (观点1) 2 But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that _.(观点2) 3 As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. 4 There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. 5 First of all, _.(论据1) 6 More importantly, _.(论据2) 7 Most important of all, _(论据3) 8 In summary, _(总结观点).,观点对比型 模板一,观点对比型 模板二,1 People hold different views about X. 2 Some people assume that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. 3 As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. 4 For one thing, 论据1. 5 For another, 论据2. 6 Last but not the least, 论据3. 7 To conclude, 总结观点. (或 From above, we can predict that 预测. ),Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运； 2. 有人认为数字和运气无关， 3. 我的看法。,Homework,观点论证型,观点论证型,2000年6月CET-4作文题目 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and the outline has been given in Chinese below: 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2. 也有人持不同意见， 3. 我的看法和打算,观点论证型 模板,第一段：提出主题（正方观点）主题句+理由 It is widely believed by many people for some time that . One reason they think is that. The other reason they hold is that. 第二段：反方观点 主题句+理由 While others argue that . They maintain that. They also claim that. 第三段：我的观点 As far as I am concerned, On the one hand, . On the other hand, . Only in this way can we .,Sample： Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?,A test of spoken English will be included as an optional course (component) of the College English Test (CET). It is widely believed by many people that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for years cannot communicate with a native English speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel at grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely when speaking. A test of spoken English will bring the importance of speaking English to the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills.,Sample： Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?,While others maintain that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the average English learners. College students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Also, some students may take the shortcut and only practice the questions according to the fixed format of the test, which will not actually improve their spoken English.,Sample： Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?,As far as I am concerned, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.