《英语四级作文步骤》PPT课件.ppt

大学英语四级作文的写作步骤,此题考试时间为30分钟。可以将时间这样安排: 第1-2分钟 审题 第3-5分钟 草拟提纲 第6-27分钟 正文写作 第28-30分钟 检查修改,一、草拟提纲,提纲作文要求考生按照题目给出的提纲(outline)进行写作，它是四、六级写作的主要形式。题目的提纲清楚地告诉了考生整篇文章应该分为几个部分，每部分的中心是什么。 草拟提纲时要紧紧围绕提示句，尤其是提示句的关键词，尽量扩展提示句所提供的信息，从而构筑文章的框架。,二、正文写作,在四级写作的文章结构安排上，不要独辟蹊径，而应采取比较稳妥的三段式写法(最多四段),即“总-分-总”的写法。采用这种写法的原因之一是防止文章结构混乱，逻辑性和连贯性不强；原因之二是帮助考生更好地制写作时间。,基本写作结构如下：,首段： 综述（引出话题） 中间段：第一个论点（主题句，论据）；第二个论点（主题句，论据） 末段: 总结全文,前后呼应。,（一）首段的写作,“好的开端是成功的一半”,写作也是如此。一篇文章如果有一个好的开头，下面写起来就会得心应手，否则，就难以顺利写下去。文章开头如果引人入胜，就能激起读者读下去的好奇心和兴趣。写作方法分别包括，“对立法”、“现象法”、“观点法”、“引用法”、“比较法”、“问题法”等。以下以“对立法”为例：,对立法,对立法的把握一般先引出其他人不同的观点，然后提出自己的观点或自己偏向的观点。对立法适应于有争议的主题，其常用句型有： Pattern 1 When asked about , the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that .But I think/view a bit differently that . Pattern 2 Now it is commonly/widely believed that . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether .,（二）中间段的写作,段落的展开需要先确定一个论点，并以主题句的形式表达出来；接着选择有助于阐述论点的论据，并一一列出；最后把这些论据按一定的顺序排列起来。,（三）末段的写作,结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使读者加深印象；有时也可展望未来，提出解决方案或令人深思的问题，给读者留下回味和思考的余地。所以，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾可以增添文章的说服力，起到画龙点睛的效果。以下列举了几种常用的结尾方法：,（1）“ 结论法”,以文章前面的论述为依据，引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点，其常用句型为： Pattern 1 From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that . Pattern 2 In summary/In a word, it is more valuable that .,（2）“建议法”,对所论述的问题提出建设性的意见，包括解决问题的具体方法，其常用句型为： While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is . Another method is . Still another one is .,（3） “方向性结尾法”,它与建议法的唯一差别就是对问题的解决提出总的方向或者指明前景，其常用句型为： Pattern 1 Many solutions are being offered here, all of which make some sense, but none is adequately enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way. Pattern 2 There is no quick method to the issue of , but might be helpful/beneficial.,（4）“意义性结尾法”,文章的结尾从更高的、更新的角度提出所讨论的问题的重要性及其意义，其常用句型为： Pattern 1 Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the payout might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit but also . Pattern 2 In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly . 总之，文章的开头和结尾若能形成呼应，就会大大增强文章的逻辑性和条理性。,在我看来；以我看,As far as I am concerned, As far as I know, As for me, According to me, For my part, From where I stand, In my opinion/view,范文示例,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Chatting. You should write at least 120 words according to the situation given below in Chinese: 网上聊天越来越流行； 有人反对，有人赞同； 你的看法。,Online Chatting,With the development of IT,online chatting is becoming increasingly popular with many people. However, peoples opinions about it vary from person to person. Some think that it has more problems that benefits. First, it is a waste of time,energy and money as it doesnt produce any useful information and products.Second, it is misleading because cyberspace is actually an imaginary space where things are unreal or fictional. But the advocates of online chatting think it is another way of recreation, which is both exciting and relaxing. Besides, it helps them release their emotions and worries freely and safely. To them, it is very useful and wonderful. In my opinion, wheth