应用文写作(专题.ppt

（专题一）应用文写作,应用文是人们日常交流、彼此沟通的重要工具之一。AB级考试最后一题应用文写作占了15分的分量，并且大都以书信或便条的方式出现。此专题主要就英文书信及便条、通知等应用问的格式以及内容的表达作介绍与说明 Lily,专题一：书信,一般而言，英文书信可以按内容兴致分两大类：事物信件和私人信件。这两大类信件在具体的写法上既有相同之处，又有相异之点。 相同点：信封的写法。 不同点：整体结构（事物信件：严谨规范。私人信件：随便一些。）,一、信封（Superscription）,写法： 1.在信封的正面的左上角，写下发信人的姓名、地址。 2.在信封正面中间，写下守信人的姓名、地址。 注意： A：无论是发信人还是收信人，他们的姓名都应该写在地址前面，同时收信人的名字前要有适当的尊称（Title）。如：Mr. ,Mrs. ,Miss ,Ms. ,Dr. ,Prof. (professor) 等。 B：地址的名称顺序同汉语的写法恰好相反，应当由小到大，所以说。 第一行写门牌号和路名；第二行写区、市、省（州）名和邮政编码；第三行写国名。,一、信封（Superscription）,例： 111 Shaoshan Street Changsha, Hunan 410007 China,一、信封（Superscription）,Class 4 , Grade 1 Foreign Languages Department Hunan Industry Polytechnic Changsha 410007,另外，如果发信人单位没有必要写门牌号码和路名，例如我们大学，就可以第一行写班级、专业，第二行写系和学校。,一、信封（Superscription）,C.邮票贴 D.邮递和收信指示可以注明在信封明显处或者左下角如： Printed Matter (印刷品) Photo Enclosed （内有照片） Private （亲启、私函） Ordinary Mail （平信） Express （快件） Registered （挂号信） Air Mail （航空）,3.信封正面的具体配置 ：,二、英文书信的写法,二、英文书信的写法,1.信端（Heading）:发信人的地址、日期，写在信纸右上角。其中地址同信封上的写法一样，但日期则另起一行写在地址下面，年份要写完整，月份可以用缩写，日期可以用奇数或者序数都可以。 601 Furong Street Shanghai 200234 China Feb.13, 2009,2.信内地址（Inside Address）:指的是收信人的地址姓名。这个主要是用在正式的事物信件中，私人信件或非正式信件中可以省略。 信内地址的位置通常写在信端的下方约1-2行的位置，从信纸的左边顶格写起。在书写方法上应与信封上的收信人的姓名和地址相同。另外，姓名前还必须加尊称，如果不知道收信人的姓名，便可以写他的头衔或者职位的名称，比如 The President Hunan Industry Polytechnic Changsha 410007 China,二、英文书信的写法,3 称谓（Salutation）: 写信人给收信人的称谓，敬语。它应该是从左边顶格写起，比信内地址低两行，自成一行。开头词和专有名词要大写。称谓后的标点，英国常用“，”，而美国多用“：” 在英国，“My dear Mr. ”是用于好朋友的信中。而“Dear Mr. ” 是普通朋友之间。 在美国正好相反。 与一陌生人要如何写？ “Dear Sir”或“Dear Madam”,在Mr. Mrs. Miss Ms 和Dr. 等称呼后只用姓，不用名字。 Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Jane Dear Professor Wang 给不熟悉的人写信的时候，称谓也可用 To Whom It May Concerned,相当于“负责人”。,4. 正文（Body of the Letter）: 它包括了向收信人说明的主要内容。 要求：简明扼要，条理清楚，每段不宜过长，位于称呼以下的一至二行的地方。 由于信函要求简洁明了，所以写信时候最好开头就点明主题 I am happy to tell you that I have passed the BEC Examination. Excuse me for not writing to you for such a long time. I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.,书信正文的中间部分要详尽具体的叙述一封信的主要内容。 结尾的部分则通常写一些表示祝愿、问候、感谢及希望继续保持联系的语句。 We send you our best wishes. All the luck in the word to your family. Please give my best regards to Mr. Finley and your children. Looking forward to hearing from you.,5. 结尾谦辞（Complimentary Close）: 相当于我们汉语中的，“敬上”、“拜上”等。 写在正文下第二、三行，从信纸中间或信纸稍右处写，第一个词的字母要大写，末尾加逗号。常用的结尾词分以下几种:,A 无论熟悉与否，通常所用的有,Sincerely,忠诚的（Yours sincerely, Very sincerely yours,） Truly,忠实的（Yours truly, Very truly yours,） Respectfully,您恭顺的（Very respectfully yours,）,B.若写给上级、长辈、师长则要用：,Appreciated yours, 您的恭敬的；敬上；,C.写给熟人和一般同事用的：,As ever (Yours ever,) 永远是你的 Your friend, 你的朋友 Yours affectionately, 您挚爱的 Cordially yours, 您真挚的,D.给机关团体或者不相识的人的信则常常用,Yours truly,忠实的 Yours respectfully, 您恭顺的,E.写给亲属或挚友的结尾谦词,With love (All my love) Yours ever, 永远是你的 Your loving son （daughter, brother),您的妻子,6.签名（Signature）: 是指发信的人亲笔署名，在结尾词的下方用手写体签署。如果在正式的书信里，一定要签全名。如果书写潦草，还要求用电脑将署名打上。 如果写信人是女生，而与收信人又素不相识，这个时候要在前面括号内加上Miss, Mrs. 以便对方回信的时候好称呼 Yours sincerely, (Mrs.) Joe Smith,7.附件（Enclose）或再启（Postscript） 有附件的时候，可以在签名下方二至三行的左边的顶格处注明Encl.或Enc。如果附件不止一个，用复数Encls.,还要注明具体数字。 Encl. My resume Encls. Three Photos P.S. 是Postscript的缩写。再启，其实也就是附言。一般最好不要用这部分，尤其是在比较正式的书信中。因为这部分对收信人来说，显得不够慎重。商务信件中，不要写P.S.。因为在商业信件中，再启是指特别提出的事情，而不是指一般信件中写信人忘记的内容。,三、英文书信的分类（Classification of English Letters）,1.事物信件 （请柬、邀请信、申请信、推荐信、致谢信、祝贺信等） 2.私人信件,1.邀请信和请柬（Letters of Invitation）,邀请信和请柬都属于社交信件，它是某个集体或者个人约请另外一个单位或者其他人参加自己的某项活动所写的书信。它具有与其他信件完全不同的固定的格式和套语。 邀请信和请柬包括举办宴会、舞会、婚礼以及展览、观摩、典礼、会议等发出的要求。正规的格式是请柬，非正式的格式用邀请信。,请柬的格式,通畅请柬采用一种卡式印刷工艺品的形式。文字采用不规则的向内缩的形式来安排。一般用印刷体印在双叶折叠的高质量纸张上。 宴会、舞会常常用的句子： request the pleasure of your company 结婚： request the honor of your presence 按照礼俗，请柬一般都邀请夫妻双方。,请柬,Mr. and Mrs. Blake Huang request the pleasure of Mr. and Mrs. William Colbys company for dinner on Saturday, November the eighteenth at eight oclock 150 Bond Avenue,回柬,Mr. and Mrs. William Colby accept with pleasure the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Blake Huang to dinner on Saturday, November the eighteenth at eight oclock 250 Bond Avenue,Can You write your own invitation letter? Im sure you can make it. Now you try.,Read and Simulate,亲爱的爱莉丝： 非常感谢您邀请我参加2月16日的晚宴。我多么希望能来，可我那天必须出发去东京。真诚感谢您的邀请。然而，在这种情况下我恐怕来不了。盼望回来后见到您和菲利普。 祝万事如意！ 玛丽,Dear Alice, Thank you very much for inviting me for dinner on 16th February. I would very much love to come, but I have to leave for Tokyo on that day. It was very kind of you to ask me, but I am afraid that under the circumstances I will not be able to come. I hope to see you and Philip when I get back. Best wishes, Mary,1 Read the following three samples of invitation and learn to write your own.,Read and Simulate,SAMPLE 1,TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 45 BROUGHTON Street, Brighton J. Higgins Purchasing Manager Zacron Engineering Unit 5 Hempstead Industrial Estate Hemel Hempstead HP2 7FX 25 May, 2005,Read and Simulate,Dear Mr. Higgins, We have pleasure in inviting you to our annual (年度的) conference. This year it will be taking place at the Metropole Hotel, Brighton, from 24 to 28 July. We enclose details of the conference, accommodation arrangements and an activity program. Last year you gave a very interesting talk on the subject of “Purchasing (采购) High Technology.” We would be very grateful if you would consider giving us update on this. We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation (参加) at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, P Matthews P Matthews Conference Organizer,SAMPLE 1,Read and Simulate,Translation,亲爱的希金斯先生: 很荣幸能邀请您参加我们的年会。今年，会议将于7月24日到28日在布莱顿市的Metropole宾馆举行。 随信寄去会议的详尽日程、食宿安排和活动计划。 去年您给我们做了题为“高科技采购”的颇为生动的发言。如果您能考虑就此问题给我们作最新发展的报告，我们将不胜感激。 如能尽快确认您将出席会议，不胜感激。 P.马修斯 会议组织人 谨启,Read and Simulate,Zacron Engineering Unit 5, Hempstead Industrial Estate Hemel Hempstead Mr. P Matthews Technology in Engineering Conference 45 Broughton Street Brighton BN25 1XL 1 June 2002,Sample 2,Read and Simulate,Dear Mr. Matthews, Thank you for your letter of 25 May and I am pleased to confirm my participation in this years conference in July. I would be grateful if you could send me further details about the program. Unfortunately, I will not be able to give an update on last years talk. I am afraid that pressure of work will not allow time to prepare a talk. However, I look forward to attending the conference again. Yours sincerely, J. Higgins Purchasing Manager,Sample 2,Read and Simulate,translation,亲爱的马修斯先生： 鉴于你5月25日的来信，我很高兴地告诉你我将出席今年7月的年会。 如果你能给我寄来更为详细的会议日程，我将非常感激。 遗憾的是，我不能对去年的发言做最新补充。工作繁忙使我没有时间做准备。 无论如何，我期待再次参加会议。 此致 敬礼 J. 希金斯 采购部经理 2002年6月1日,Can You write your own invitation letter? Im sure you can make it. Now you try.,Read and Simulate,2. Write a reply to the following letter. Your reply should include the following.,Simulate and Create,24 June, 2005 Dear Mr. Bool, We have pleasure in inviting you to our annual conference. This year it will be taking place at the University of Nottingham, from 20 to 24 August. We enclose details of the conference, accommodation arrangements and a business activity program. Last year you gave a very interesting talk on the subject of “Academic Standards and Expectations” We would be very grateful if you would consider giving us update on this. We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Philip Luford Conference Organizer,Simulate and Create,thanks for the above letter confirmation of your participation request for more information about the program apology for not being able to give another talk (pressure of work no time for preparation) a complimentary close to end the letter Some parts of the letter have already been done for you.,Simulate and Create,Dear Mr. Luford, Thank you for your letter of 24 June and I am pleased to _ . I would be grateful if_ _. Unfortunately, _. I am afraid _ . However, _. Yours sincerely, H. Bool,Simulate and Create,Key,Dear Mr. Luford, Thank you for your letter of 24 June and I am pleased to confirm my participation in this years conference in August. I would be grateful if you could send me further details about the program. Unfortunately, I will not be able to give an update on last times talk. I am afraid that pressure of work will not allow time to prepare a talk. However, I look forward to attending the conference again. Yours sincerely, H. Bool,Write Through Describing a picture,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,Sentence Writing,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,3 Rewrite the following sentences, replacing small-case letters with capital ones where necessary.,gail mandal applied for the position of accountant at the carlsbad hotel in gallup, new mexico. he said, “the internal revenue service imposes a penalty (处罚) on any taxpayer who files after the 15th of april.,Gail Mandal applied for the position of accountant at the Carlsbad Hotel in Gallup, New Mexico.,He said, “The Internal Revenue Service imposes a penalty on any taxpayer who files after the 15th of April.,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,the consultants for the project included senator (参议院议员) raymond h. grant, professor pearl ishikawa, dr. nicholas giordano, and dr. amanda b. olinski. estes park has long been a popular vacation spot during the summer months.,The consultants for the project included Senator Raymond H. Grant, Professor Pearl Ishikawa, Dr. Nicholas Giordano, and Dr. Amanda B. Olinski.,Estes Park has long been a popular vacation spot during the summer months.,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,The fourth Thursday in november is the traditional day for celebrating thanksgiving. he lives in beech street facing the river ash not far from oakchester station.,The fourth Thursday in November is the traditional day for celebrating Thanksgiving.,He lives in Beech Street facing the River Ash not far from Oakchester Station.,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,as a clerk in the swiss tourist office he has to speak french, italian, german and english, though he has never crossed the english channel. he has a b. sc. degree in economics from a scottish university but he is now only a counter clerk in a post office.,As a clerk in the Swiss Tourist Office he has to speak French,Italian, German and English, though he has never crossed the English Channel.,He has a B. Sc. Degree in economics from a Scottish university but he is now only a counter clerk in a post office.,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,on the first thursday in february he started reading a book called the history of science and now at christmas he has only finished reading half of it. the member of parliament elmers bank said, “if more people read the times and listened attentively to the b.b.c. news broadcast, i should feel more assured of the success of our educational system.”,On the first Thursday in February he started reading a book called The History of Science and now at Christmas he has only finished reading half of it.,The Member of Parliament Elmers Bank said, “If more people read The Times and listened attentively to the B.B.C. News Broadcast, I should feel more assured of the success of our educational system.”,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,4 Insert an apostrophe where it is needed.,1 Hell be here soon. 2 at four oclock 3 the fishermans rod 4 You cant stay any longer. 5 childrens games 6 at the booksellers 7 Shes away. 8 peoples homes 9 teachers representatives 10 Theyd be pleased to go. 11 the actresss daughter 12 the bank managers umbrella 13 Theyre gone forever. 14 John Davis horse ten years work experience 16 my sister-in-laws career 17 the USAs ambassadar 18 Logan & Farley, Inc.s sales 19 an employees checks 20 mens shirts,Write Through Applying Grammar Rules,4 Insert an apostrophe where it is needed.,1. Hell be here soon. 2. at four oclock 3. the fishermans rod 4. You cant stay any longer. 5. Childrens games 6. at the booksellers 7. Shes away. 8. peopleS homes 9. Teachers representatives 10. Theyd be pleased to go. 11. the actressS daughter 12. the bank managers umbrella 13. Theyre gone forever. 14. John Davishorse 15. ten yearswor