英语学业复习M3Unit3.ppt

Unit3,Back to the past,Key phrases,在使用中 到时候 早在 将来 接管，接任，控制 导致 纪念 作为的回报 失落的文明 实施，执行，进行,be in use by the time as early as in the future take over lead to in memory of in return for lost civilization carry out,no more pour out more than be buried alive be covered with on board in good condition prevent sb. from sth/ doing sth declare war against,不再 涌出，倾泻 多于, 不仅仅 被活埋 被覆盖 在船上，飞机上或火车上 处于良好的状态 阻止某人做某事 向宣战,在使用中 到时候 早在 将来 接管，接任，控制 导致 纪念 作为的回报 失落的文明 实施，执行，进行,be in use by the time as early as in the future take over lead to in memory of in return for lost civilization carry out,no more pour out more than be buried alive be covered with on board in good condition prevent sb. from sth/ doing sth declare war against,不再 涌出，倾泻 多于, 不仅仅 被活埋 被覆盖 在船上，飞机上或火车上 处于良好的状态 阻止某人做某事 向宣战,Key words,1. destroy v.毁坏，使毁坏 基本构词 destruction n. 毁坏 典型例句 The school was completely destroyed by the fire. 大火把学校给彻底毁灭了。 His acts destroyed his influence. 他的举止使他威望扫地。,词语辨析 destroy指“十分彻底的破坏“，不可修复，多指不可抗拒的外界力量。 damage 指“部分的破坏”，可以修复，只是不能正常发挥作用，常常指因人的过失造成。如： The accident damaged the car badly. 这个事故严重损坏了这辆车。,2. drive vt. 迫使；驱赶 n. 内在的驱动力或欲求 drive off 开车送走；击退; 赶走 drive sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事 drive somebody crazy/wild 使某人发疯 He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承认。 This cough is driving me mad! 该死的咳嗽快把我逼疯了！ I think he has the drive needed for this job. 我认为他很有工作动力。,3. likewise adv. 同样地，也 The food was excellent, and likewise the wine. 菜好酒也好。 I told him to watch me and do likewise. 我叫他仔细看着我,并且照样做。 注意：likewise可以做状语来修饰整个句子，常放在句首，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 The clams （蛤蜊）were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant （茄子）was excellent.,四、【习题训练】 单项填空 。 1. According to the manager, the business plan will help the company_ other small businesses and help them become the number one business over the next 50 years. A. take out B. take control C. take over D. rule out 2. Its many years since Mount Vesuvius last _. A. discovered B. happened C. erupted D. came about,3. Cut the fruit in half and _ the seeds. A. hit B. remove C. take D. dig 4. Many people are still buried _ after the earthquake. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live 5. Nobody can _ us _ getting married. Which of the following is WRONG? A. stop; from B. prevent; from C. forbid; / D. keep; from 6. The house was completely _ by the fire. A. damaged B. destroyed C. caused D. beaten,7. _, Dr Cole cannot spend as long with each patient as she would like. A. Hopefully B. Unfortunately C. Luckily D. Gradually 8. Mr. Brown is a world-famous professor who is _ in experience. A. wealthy B. rich C. well off D. plenty 9. The evidence was gradually covered _ by the heavy snow that night. A. with B. in C. over D. down 10. I find the _of buildings _ under the sand. A. remaining; buried B. remainders, bury C. remains; buried D. remains, burying,完成译文。（每空限填一个词） 1. 作为英语学习者，你要做的第一桩事就是买一本英汉词典。 As an English learner, the first thing _ _ is to buy an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. Titanic客轮撞上冰山，带着一千多人沉到海里。 The passenger ship Titanic hit an iceberg and sank into the sea with over one thousand people _ _ . 3. 演讲时，你必须提高嗓门以引起听众注意。 When making a speech, you should raise your voice to attract your _ _.,to do,on board,audiences attention,4. 这家图书馆是为了纪念那位科学家而建的。 This library was built _ _ _ the scientist. 5. 火灾过后，房子所剩无几。 After the fire, very little _ of the house. 6. 指挥部决定在黎明时分对敌人发起突然袭击。 The headquaters decided to make a sudden _ _ the enemy at daybreak. 7. 如有疑问，请随意提出。 If you have any questions, please _ _ to ask me. 8. 天安门位于中国首都北京的中心。 Tiananmen Gate _ _ in the centre of Beijing, the capital of China.,in memory of,remained,attack on,feel free,is located,declare与announce的区别,(1) declare 意为“宣称”，表示有信心地、正式地公开讲明某 事，其目的不在于公众周知，而在于使人们了解 如： He declared that it was true. 他断言那是真实的。 (2) announce 意为“宣布”，不及 declare 正式，尤其 将有益之 事公之于众，如消息或新闻等。 如： They announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper. 他们在报上宣布了他们的结婚日期。 announce, declare都含有一定的“宣布”之意 announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻 declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度,announce 和declare 语义相近,中心意思是to bring to public notice(公之于众),但结构有区别. announce 后接名词或代词或that宾语从句，而declare除接上面结构以外还可接复合宾语等结构 declare 较为正式,在语义上还有些特殊的用法. 试比较下列句型。 1.Soon Germany declared war on France. 不久德国对法宣战(不用 announce) 2.Announce a cease-fire 宣布停火 3.The bell announced the end of the class. 下课铃响了(不用declare) 4.The committee announced/declared the results of the experiment. 委员会宣布了实验的结果 5.She declared her intention to run for office 她宣布了要竞选官员的意愿,主谓一致 “一致”就是指前后照应，英语中的一致包括主语部分和谓语部分的一致以及代词和被指代名词短语的一致。 1 主谓一致的概念：就是指谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语部分对应。 2 主谓一致的原则： 1）语法一致：即主语和谓语在语法上保持一致。就是说如果主语为单数形式，谓语就用单数形式；若主语为复数形式，谓语也应用复数形式。 (1) 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式短语、动词 -ing 形式、或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语则用动词的复数形式。,To say is one thing, to do is another. Who will do the job hasnt been decided yet. (2) A + with / together / along with / as well as / besides / but / except / including / in addition to / like / no less than / rather than / instead of B等类似结构中应根据A确定谓语动词的数。 The father with his two sons has gone to the cinema. No one except the two boys was late for class. Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret.,(3) “ more than one 或 many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one person has known it. Many a pilot was killed in the raid. 注：“ more 复数名词 than one ”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。 More persons than one have known it. (4) “一两个”，英语中用“ one or two 名词复数”或“ a （ an ）名词单数 or two ”两种形式表达，前者谓语用复数形式，后者谓语用单数形式。 One or two days are enough for them. A day or two is enough for them.,(5) and 连接两个名词作复合主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My father and my mother are away on business.但是，当两个名词表示同一个人、同一事物、同一概念或一套完整的东西时（其特征是 and 后的名词前无任何限定词），谓语动词应用单数形式。 The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Yunnan. （对比： The writer and the poet have decided to be on holiday in Yunnan. ） A cart and horse is running up the road. 注：当 and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有 no, each, every, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语要用单数形式。,In China every man and every woman who has a citizenship has the right to vote and to be voted. Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. (6) 不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被 each, every 修饰的名词作主语，尽管有些表示复数意义，但是它们的谓语应该用单数形式。 Is everybody here today? (7) 在定语从句中，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 例如:The teacher who teaches us English is from Inner Mongolia. Who is the girl that is in red shirt?,2) 意义一致：即谓语动词的单复数形式不是根据语法形式，而是根据主语的内在涵义（即有时主语的单数形式表达的是复数涵义，反之亦然）确定的。 (1) 有些集体名词,如：主语family, group, army, government, audience 等表示整体概念时，应看作单数，谓语也用单数形式；但若表示组成整体的各个成员的集合时，其谓语则应用复数形式。 My family is quite big. （整体） My family like watching TV. （整体的各个组成成员们） (2) 有些集体名词,如:people(人们), police, cattle, personnel (全体人员), militia (民兵),谓语应该用复数形式。 The police are after a murderer. 注： people 作“民族”解时，其单数形式为 people ，复数形式为 peoples 。当它作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式应视情况而定。,A great people always learns from disasters. The Chinese and the Japanese are two peace-loving peoples. (3) 表示物品的名词用量词表示具体数量时，其谓语形式应与量词的数保持一致。 That pair of trousers was sold out, but these pairs of trousers are still on the counter. A basket of peaches is on the table. (4) 复数名词短语表示度量、距离、金额、时间或专有名词，要看做一个整体，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Twenty miles an hour is not fast enough. Ten years is a moment in history. The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. The United States is the only superpower in the world now.,(5) “分数 / 百分数 of 名词”以及“ all(most, some, any, half, a lot, the rest) +of名词”作主语时， 根据of 后的名词确定。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. Ten percent of the apples are bad. (6) the 与某些形容词搭配表示一类人时，如 the dead, the blind, the British等，谓语用复数形式。 The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer in some countries. (7) “kind(s) / sort(s) / type(s) of / style(s) of 名词”作主语,根据kind/sort / type / style的单复数确定. This kind of book is sold in that shop. Many kinds of shoes are