高中英语被动语态复习.ppt

语法复习之被动语态,动词时态和语态的结构,学以致用,1. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 2. Why did you leave that position? I _ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 3. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent,学以致用,4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole world cheered. A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 5. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged,1“get 过去分词”形式 表示被动,我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 你没有太多时间换衣服了。,My bike got stolen last night.,You dont have enough time to get changed.,2.主动形式表示被动意义,(1).这件毛衣很好洗。 This sweater _washes_(wash) well. (2)你的文章好读。 Your article _reads_ (read) well. (3)这些花闻起来很香。 The flowers _smell_ (smell) sweet. (4). 这种布料易干. This kind of cloth dries easily.,典型例题.Water at 100. In such hot weather, it wont take much time to boil water. A. boils B. is boiled C. will boil D. is boiling,主动形式表示被动意义也是高考考查动词的时 态和语态的热点之一。当谓语动词被用来说明主语 的性质或特征时，往往用主动表示被动，因为此时 的谓语动词并不强调是一个被动的动作。,【解题探究】 A。“水在100会沸腾”这是一种客观 事实，也是水的一种性质，故选A。又如：The knife cuts sharply.这把刀很锋利。,3,一些系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.,【经典考例】,I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _ good. （2006湖北卷，29） A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds,解析：答案为D。滑雪听起来是个不错的主意。sound 作为系动词，它没有被动语态和进行时态。,4,不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有： hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable, convenient,impossible等。 例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./ The project is impossible to complete in a year. 比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered. 没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。,5,使役动词和感官动词带有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语保留原来的宾补，并还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号to .I hear the girl sing English songs. The girl is heard to sing English songs. 主动语态 make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth 被动语态 sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth,6,want, need, require,和be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is worth reading. （值得一读）The coat requires mending. （需要缝补） The children needs looking after. （需要照看）The table wants cleaning. （需打扫）,7非谓语动词的被动语态,The building to be built is a new cinema. The car being repaired is mine.,例题11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在进行。本题题意为：在开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语。,8被动语态与系表结构的区别,被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表示动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表示状态。 These things are sold quickly.（被动语态） 这些东西卖得很快。 These things are all sold out.（系表结构） 这些东西已经卖完了。 常使用系表结构的词有：be seated坐着，be hidden躲藏，be lost迷路，be drunk喝醉，be dressed穿着，be devoted to致力于；献身，be determined决定,判断被动语态与系表结构,（1）Such questions are often settled through negotiations. 这类问题通常通过谈判解决。 （2）The question is settled. 这个问题解决了。,（被动语态）,（系表结构）,课堂练习,1【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films_ all over the world. A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced,【答案】B 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。,2,【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams_ to test our communicative ability. A. design B. are designed C. are designing D. are being designed,【答案】B 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。,3,.【2011四川卷,9】All visitors to this village _ with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated,【答案】B 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。,4,.【2011湖南卷,34】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology_by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made,【答案】D 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与 make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。,5.,I need one more stamp before my collection_. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed,析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。,6,6. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell,C。本题考查动词的时态和语态。由句意可知此处应用被动语态，故排除A、D两项；由were so lovely与sell不分先后关系可排除B项。,7,7. As the years passed, many occasions birthdays, awards, graduations _ with Dads flowers. A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked,B。as从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致。occasions与mark之间为被动关系。,8.,Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided,A。本题考查动词的时态与语态。句意为：詹姆斯教授要给我们作关于西方文化的讲座，但时间和地点还没决定。由yet可看出用完成时，又因时间与地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。,9,9. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined,. C。ruin表示的动作发生在got caught之后，故排除B、D两项。此处表示被动，所以C项正确。,10,10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained,D。本题考查非谓语动词。作目的状语时用不定式，而不用分词，可首先排除A、B两项；另外，he承受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项正确。,11,At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在进行。本题题意为：在开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语。,Thank you for your attention!,被动语态转化知识,B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 - He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 - A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。 They awarded him the Nobel Prize