2020版高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Publictransport知能演练轻松闯关牛津译林版选修.docx

Unit 4 Public transport课时练1阅读理解提速练学生用书P343(单独成册) 阅读理解A(2019呼和浩特调研)Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didnt have the fear to move on. This is because they have failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and dont let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.Risktaking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risktaking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a spacecraft; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking risks. It is all part of the game. Its one of the most important parts of life.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过介绍生活中充满冒险，告诉人们：没有冒险就没有收获。1Some people dont want to take risks, mainly because _Athey are too lazy to move onBthey feel pleased with the present lifeCthey have failed several times beforeDthey show little interest in the strange world outsideC解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This is because they have failed a few times in their lives.”可知，一些人不想去冒险主要是因为他们曾经失败过几次。2What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 3 mean?ATaking risks.BFighting off enemies.CDiscovering new territories.DBecoming stronger and stronger.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Risktaking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories.”可知，冒险使得我们的祖先变得越来越强壮，使得他们能够击退敌人，发现新领地。画线部分所在句意为“这种态度已经成为我们现代文化的一部分”，由此可知，画线部分指的是冒险。3What can we infer from the passage?ADaily life is full of risks.BThe safest place has the greatest risk.CPeople should take risks when they are young.DWe can always achieve our goals by taking risks.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，生活中充满了冒险。4What would be the title for the passage?ATaking Risks Is Easier Said than DoneBRisks Taken by AncestorsCLive Our Life to the FullestDNo Risk, No GainD解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到当我们想要达到某个目标时，冒险对我们是有利的；又根据最后一段第一句“We need to take risks so that we can gain something.”可知，本文的主旨是“没有冒险就没有收获”。B(2019吉林长春普通高中高三质量监测)One of the biggest social issues in Japan is the increasingly low marriage rates among young people and the low birth rates, which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population. Most young Japanese women simply dont seem interested in having many children.Now what began in Japan is happening globally. As David Brooks wrote, birth rates are becoming lower in much of the world, from Iran1.7 births per womanto Russian, where low birth rates connected with high death rates mean the population is already shrinking. And this includes the US, which has long had higher birth rates than most developed nations. Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a larger resource of young workers.Its true that global aging is going to present some major challenges. Who will take care of the elderly? Will an older world be less active and slower to change and adapt? Its all true. Sometimes I worry about a coming generational war over resources, just as I worry about how I will take care of my own parents in their old age, just as I worry about who might take care of me.But heres the thing: an older world may have less pressure on the environment. As we all know, the environment is the real victim of overpopulation.So maybe a world that grows slower and grows older will put less pressure on the environment, and buy us a few more years to ensure our energy use, along with our birth rates, reaches a sustainable(可持续的) level. After all, were supposed to get smarter as we get older. Hopefully that holds true for the planet as well.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。5The population issue in Japan is mentioned to _Ashow young peoples preference for marriageBintroduce the topic of global birth rates becoming lowerCindicate the deeper cause of Japans depressionDemphasize the revolution of Japanese womenB解析：细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。第二段的第一句“Now what began in Japan is happening globally.”也是提示。故选B。6Which will be caused by low birth rates according to the passage?AAging society.BEnvironmental problems.CHigh death rates.DLow employment rates.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest social issues in Japan is.and the low birth rates, which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。7Whats the authors attitude to the worldwide birth rates becoming lower?AAnxious.BDisappointed.CHopeful. DDoubtful.C解析：观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环境压力、保障能源供应等。故选C。8Which of the following statements is TRUE according to David Brooks?AThe birth rates all over the world are becoming lower.BThe most developed countries have higher death rates.CAmerica is the only developed country with higher birth rates.DBirth rates becoming lower means a great risk to aging countries.D解析：细节理解题。根据前三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选D。C(2019石家庄教学质量检测二)No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any manmade craft has flown before. The mission(任务) is a big development for scientists and, maybe, for everyone else.In the summer of 2018, NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe. After a journey of nearly 90 million miles, it will fly within 3.85 million miles of the sun. Within two months of launching, the probe is expected to reach the suns corona(日冕). Thats the suns outer atmosphere of gas.Getting there wont be easy. Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the suns heat has proved difficult. But that hasnt stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees. The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2，500. Thats still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5inchthick heat shield(护罩) will protect the probes camera and scientific instruments.NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars. Our sun is special to us. But as a star, its rather common. So the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of mass and colors.Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles stream through the solar system. They can disable communications satellites and shut down power systems. One study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the US. alone. It could also black out the East Coast for a year.Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves. That could make even a mission with a billionplus price tag one of NASAs great bargains.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。2018年夏天，美国航空航天局计划发射Parker Solar Probe(帕克太阳探测器)，该探测器收集到的数据有利于研究太阳及太空中的其他恒星，更重要的是，这还会让我们了解有很大的破坏作用的太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。9What can we learn about the probe?AItll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones.BIts the first manmade instrument to fly to the sun.CItll get to the core of the sun in nearly two months.DItll fly about 3.85 million miles to reach the corona.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any manmade craft has flown before.”可知，今年要发射的宇宙飞船比以往的任何人造飞行器都更加靠近它(太阳)，故答案是A。10What is the challenge for the engineers?ADirecting the probe to collect data.BReducing the temperature of the probe.CBuilding a shield against the heat.DLimiting the probe to proper regions.C解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“challenge”和“engineers”定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the suns heat has proved difficult. But that hasnt stopped engineers from trying.”和“But a.instruments.”可知，对工程师来说，设计出能够到达太阳日冕的宇宙飞船的挑战在于研发能够抵挡太阳的“高温”(heat)的护罩，故答案是C。11What might be the best title?AExploring the StarsBGetting Close to the SunCDesigning a SpaceshipDProtecting EarthB解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了美国航空航天局打算2018年夏天发射宇宙飞船到达太阳日冕的事情，这次飞船将比以往任何人造飞行器更加靠近太阳。题目要体现出文章的核心词 “太阳”，故答案是B。12Where does the value of the mission lie?AMonitoring satellites.BExploring solar energy.CDeveloping scientific instruments.DForecasting solar storms.D解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“value of the mission”定位到文章的第五、第六段。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms.”和第六段第一句“Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves.”可知，帕克太阳探测器所收集到的数据能让我们更多地了解太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。故答案是D。DKung Hei Fat Choy means Happy New Year! Welcome to our Chinese New Year/Lunar New Year pages! Weve got a huge collection of fun activities for you to explore and enjoy with your kids, both at home or in the classroom. You can learn about the current yearYear of the Roosteror just enjoy our general Chinese New Year content (including original colouring pages, crafts, puzzles, worksheets, printables of all sorts).but be warned, theres probably enough here to last you until next Chinese New Year!Nine Asian countries celebrate the Lunar New Year with public holidays and variations on the activities you will find described below. About 1/5 of the worlds population will be enjoying the festival, and New Years Eve is the worlds biggest annual migration, with over 200 million people making every effort to get home for a big celebratory dinner with their extended families.On 16th February 2018 we welcome in a new Chinese New Year, the Year of the Dog！For lots of new colouring pages, puzzles, worksheets and other printables, click here: Year of the Dog. Lots NEW!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个网页上关于中国新年的内容。13Where will this writing be found?AOn TV. BIn a newspaper. CIn a booklet. DOn the Internet.D解析：文章出处题。根据文章第一段第二句和文章最后一句可推知，文章应该是出自网站上的一个网页。故选D。14Who is the writing intended for?AWeb page designers. BSchool teachers.CFolkcustom researchers. DStudents in the first grade.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可推知，这篇文章应是写给学校老师或学生父母的。故选B。15Which of the following causes the worlds biggest annual migration?ANine Asian countries celebrate the Lunar New Year.BPeople celebrate Chinese Lunar New Year with public holidays.COver 200 million people try hard to get home for a feast with their extended families.DTwenty percent of the worlds population will he enjoying the festival.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，造成每年最大迁移的原因是有超过两亿的人尽一切努力赶回家参加他们大家庭的盛大晚宴。故选C。 七选五(2019江西重点中学联考)A good laugh is like a mild workout.It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system.1._Dont take life too seriously.We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.2._ In fact, if you can laugh lightheartedly at your own fault, youll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence increase that can get you over any obstacle.Find the humor in a bad situation.Sure, there are some situations where you are really sad.3._ The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things you cannot control.This will lower your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate.Remind yourself of funny moments from the past.Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing.4._ Sometimes just reliving a funny moment can cause the endorphins (内啡肽), natural painkillers, to kick in.5._ As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(会传染的)So make a point of seeking out positive people who arent afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in lifes situations.Young children are especially skilled at finding laughter and joy in everyday moments.ATake control over your emotions.BThere is no reason to blame yourself for it.CHowever, most situations in life have funny sides.DSurround yourself with fun people who like to laugh a lot.EThe following are some ways to enjoy more laughter and joy in your life.FStudies show that people with pets have lower levels of depression and stress.GCall on these memories frequently, especially when feeling sad, angry or stressed.【解题导语】面带微笑吧！笑能锻炼肌肉、加速血液流动、降低血压、改善睡眠模式和免疫系统。1.E解析：下文列举了在生活中享受快乐和笑的方法， 故E项符合语境。2B解析：由第二段主题句以及空格前的“We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.” 可知B项“没有理由为此责备你自己”符合语境。3C解析：由第三段主题句以及空格前的 “Sure，there are some situations where you are really sad.”可知，C项能与上一句构成转折关系。下文的“the funny side”也是提示。4G解析：由第四段主题句以及空格前的“Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing.”可知答案。5D解析：由第五段中的 “seeking out positive people who arent afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in lifes situations”可知答案。课时练2知识运用板块练学生用书P346(单独成册) 完形填空(2019南昌模拟)I lived in Dallas, Texas nearly all my life with my dad, mom and younger brother. We were raised to _ 1_others, value education, and get all that we could out of life. My parents always say, “Work _ 2_ and the world is yours.” They are _ 3_ without a helpful word of _ 4_ or a bit of encouragement when life gets _ 5_My parents always _ 6_ me to go to college. However, when I _ 7_ at 16 years old that Id rather get married to a man _ 8_ go to college, they never stopped telling me they loved me and I could do anything I wanted to do. Thankfully, they persuaded me. I graduated from high school and currently _ 9_ the University of Oklahoma studying medicine. I want to make the world a _ 10_ place to live in.Every time I call home to tell them about a grade received in the chemistry lab or _ 11_ class it is that Im working hardest on for the moment, they tell me how _ 12_ of me they are. I know there are college kids out there that have no one to _ 13_ home to when they get an “A” on a project and I feel incredibly _ 14_ to have my parents. They never _ 15_ loving me or believing in me.Parents are the best gift that God gives me._ 16_ their constant love and encouragement, I wouldnt believe I can _ 17_ the world. My parents_ 18_ me to always fight for what I _ 19_ in. So Im working toward something really great and can only hope I _ 20_ to make them proud.【解题导语】爸爸、妈妈、弟弟和“我” 住在达拉斯，父母教育“我们”要尊重别人，重视教育，他们的爱和鼓励对 “我” 意义重大。1A.inspireBrespectCguide DfollowB解析：根据全文内容可知，父母教育“我们”要尊重别人，重视教育。respect意为“尊敬，尊重”，符合语境。2A.hard BsolidlyCattentively DintelligentlyA解析：父母总是教育“我们”：“努力工作，世界就是你们的。” 故选A。3A.sometimes BanytimeCever DneverD解析：当生活变得艰难时，父母总会给“我们”一些有益的建议或鼓励。never without为双重否定，表示肯定的意思。4A.method BadviceCeducation DintroductionB解析：参见上题解析。a helpful word of advice表示 “有用的建议”。5A.tough BsmoothCbright DhappyA解析：参见第3题解析。tough “艰难的，艰苦的”。6A.reminded BsupposedCdesigned DexpectedD解析：根据该段中的“Thankfully, they persuaded me.”可知，父母一直期望 “我” 上大学并最终说服了 “我”。expect “期望，期待”。7A.decided BhesitatedCjudged DrememberedA解析：根据下文父母对 “我” 的劝说可知，16岁时 “我” 决定(decided)宁愿结婚也不上大学。8A.but BandCthan DwhileC解析：16岁时 “我” 决定宁愿结婚也不上大学。would rather.than.为固定用法，表示 “宁愿而不愿”。9A.joined BattendedCserved DadmittedB解析：根据文中的“.they persuaded me. I graduated from high school and.medicine.”可知，“我”高中毕业后上了一所大学。attend意为“经常去，定期去(学校、教堂等)”。10A.comfortable BsuitableCpeaceful DbetterD解析：根据文中的“the University of Oklahoma studying medicine”可知， “我” 主修医学，想让这个世界成为更好的(better)可供人们生活的地方。11A.whenever BwhicheverCwherever DhoweverB解析：每次当“我”打电话告诉他们“我”在实验室里的成绩或“我”当时正努力学习的任何一门课程时，他们会告诉“我”他们以“我”为荣。whichever class意为“无论哪一门课”。12A.ashamed BnervousCproud DmodestC解析：父母为“我”所取得的成绩而自豪。be proud of为固定用法，意为“以而自豪”。13A.go BrunCreturn DcallD解析：“我”知道有的大学生在得到一个“A”时没有家人可以打电话倾诉。故选D。14A.blessed BannoyedCpraised DrelaxedA解析：和那些得了“A”却没有家人可以倾诉的同学相比，“我”有这样的父母是非常幸福的。blessed意为“幸福的”。15A.stopped BhelpedCblamed DpreventedA解析：父母从不停止对“我”的爱，从不停止对“我”的信赖。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。16A.With BWithoutCUnder DBeneathB解析：没有(Without)父母持续不断的爱和鼓励，“我”不可能相信“我”能改变(change)世界。17A.change BdestroyCconquer DchallengeA解析：参见上题解析。18A.forced BorderedCallowed DtaughtD解析：父母一直教育(taught)“我”去为“我”认为对的事而奋斗。19A.enjoy BworkCbelieve DliveC解析：参见上题解析。believe in sth.“认为某事好(对、可接受)”，符合语境。20A.want BwishChave DcontinueD解析：“我”会继续努力，希望父母继续为“我”感到自豪。continue to do sth.表示“继续做某事”，为固定用法。 语法填空(2019广州检测)In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But theres another classical dance form with a long history 1._has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance.Classical Chinese dance is 2._incre