辽宁省阜新市第二高级中学2018_2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题.docx

辽宁省阜新市第二高级中学2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Female Scientists Who Have Changed the WorldThere are still hundreds of relatively-unknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history.Tiera GuinnThis 21-year-old scientist hasnt yet graduated from college, but Tiera Guinns already doing rocket science. The MIT(麻省理工学院) senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. Shes an aerospace（航天航空） major with high credit points who also works as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing is building for the US.Elizabeth BlackwellElizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American womens health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.Jane GoodallThe most famous primate(灵长目) scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps（黑猩猩） and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasnt just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat.Rachel CarsonIn the 1960s, one environmental scientists voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carsons. Her article, Silent Spring,warned of the dangers of pesticides(农药) and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nations environ（周围的） mental history.1. What is Tiera Guinns greatest achievement?A. She entered the best university of the world.B. She has been learning the newest rocket science.C. She has helped build a big and powerful rocket.D. She is a top student employed by a famous company.2. What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history?A. She was the first woman with the advanced education.B. She was a pioneer of the womens health in the US and the UK.C. She found the first womens school in the United Kingdom.D. She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen.3. Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement? A. Tiera Guinn. B. Jane Goodall. C. Rachel Carson.D. Elizabeth Blackwell.B Volunteering abroad comes with a bit of a social stigma (耻辱). From my experience, this couldnt be further from the truth. Volunteering isnt so expensive that its only a choice for the well-off（有钱的）. I spent 10 weeks volunteering in Arizona with America Conservation Experience(ACE), helping preserve Americas natural beauty.The trip was arranged through BUNAC, a work and volunteer organization. In all it cost me around $ 1,000 a sum which I covered mostly by working part-time.The self-indulgent（放纵自己的）image is relevant to overseas volunteer projects.However, the work can be hard-going. I spent my time maintaining trails, building fences and carrying out projects in some of the national monuments of America. Summer temperatures in Arizona stay well above 35, never pleasant if youre carrying 50kg of concrete for 10 hours at a time. And then there was the wildlife to deal with, which improved my strength of character and made my fear of the English household spider disappear.What do most people volunteer for? Probably they want to give back things to the world. But in reality, you benefit just as much as the local communities and ecosystems youre helping.Spending 10 weeks in Americas most beautiful national parks and forests was unforgettable. I gained a far deeper understanding of the local environment than the average tourist, meeting ex-national park rangers(护林者) who knew perfectly of the areas history and ecosystem. But best of all, my 10 weeks were spent volunteering with young people from a mix of cultures from Belgians to South Koreans. When I left Arizona, I returned home having made a life-long bond with the people from around the world.4. From his experience, the author has realized _.A. volunteering abroad gives you a bit of social stigmaB. people with average income can do volunteering work abroadC. volunteering can help preserve natural beautyD. volunteering will teach you how to find the truth5. How did the author afford his trip?A. With the help of BUNAC.B. With the support of America Conservation Experience.C. By working for BUNAC.D. By doing part-time jobs.6. While volunteering abroad, the author_.A. lived in pleasant temperatures in ArizonaB. built national monuments in AmericaC. in fact benefited a lot D. mainly intended to give back things to the world7. Whats the best part of doing volunteering work abroad for the author?A. Building up his strength.B. Overcoming the fear of wildlife.C. Having an understanding of the ecosystem.D. Making the acquaintance with the people from different backgrounds.C In American culture, the commitment (承若，许诺)to spend time with someone is more important than anything else that might happen. Americans go to great lengths to keep their commitments. Even if their mother called them on the phone, they would say, Oh, Mom, I can only talk a few minutes, because Im meeting a friend for lunch. Can I call you back when I get home? Their mother would not take offense at this, because their pre-existing plans take precedence（优先权） over all others.If you make plans with someone, you should be there when you say you will. Three to five minutes early is even better, because it shows that you are really looking forward to spending time with the other person. Most people will allow five or maybe ten minutes late, but more than that is considered bad form. Not showing up at all is considered very rude and, unless you have a very good reason, the other person may never want to make plans with you again. Be continually late or do not show up for dates, and you will get a reputation as someone who does not keep your word. People will consider you a liar and someone not to be trusted, and will not want to be your friend or may not want to do business with you. Being late or not showing up is interpreted as meaning that you never wan ted to go out with the person in the first place, and will cause hard feelings. The rule to remember is: show up a few minutes early or on time. If you must be late, phone the other person at once and explain why. Do not be late repeatedly, and never stand someone up unless you absolutely cannot avoid it. 8. What is the authors purpose in using the mothers example?A. To prove Americans place a high value on promises.B. To advise mothers to respect their childrens choices.C. To appeal to people to keep more company for parents.D. To emphasize the importance of keeping commitments. 9. When would be better for you to arrive if you make an appointment to date at 7:50?A. Ten past seven oclock. B. Ten to seven oclock.C. A quarter to eight oclock. D. A quarter past eight oclock.10. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase in the last paragraph?A. Keep someone wait long. B. Fail to keep an appointment.C. Stand by someones promise. D. Put up with someone being late.11. What is the best title for the passage?A. Americans, Keeping commitments. B. Americans, Making Plans Ahead.C. Ways to Make Ones Commitments. D. Do You Keep Your Mother Waiting?DDogs, unlike people, are capable of pure loveat least according to Freud. As more Americans live alone, unconditional affection is in demand. Pet ownership has risen for decades. More than a third of homes have at least one dog, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.But the popularity of four-legged friends has an unpleasant cost: dogs squeeze out (排泄)more than twice the waste of the average person, or around 275 pounds a year. With over 83,000,000 dogs running around the country, that is a lot of waste.Around 60% of the stuff gets collected and trucked to landfills（垃圾填埋）, where it releases methane（甲烷）, a greenhouse gas. The rest delivers surprises to pedestrians（行人） and can pollute waterways.The problem is particularly bad in cities, where green spaces are few and lonely souls seeking puppy love plentiful. There are over 600,000 dogs in New Yorkone for every 14 peoplegenerating over100,000 tons of turd (粪便) a year.This is a missed opportunity, says Ron Gonen, the citys former recycling tsar(掌权者).Now in the private sector, he is trying to launch Sparky Power, a programme to transform dog waste into clean energy in the citys dog parks.The idea is to fit parks with small anacrobic digesters(厌氧分解池). Dog owners would place their dogs turd（粪块） into the machine, which then turns turd into gas for powering lamps and other park equipment. A year-long pilot would introduce digesters in three parks at a cost of around $ 100,000,000. The parks department is thinking about the proposal.Similar schemes in other cities have proved short-lived. An underground Energy Transformation Using Reactive Digestion (E- TURD) device created by Arizona State University students for a dog park in Gilbert, Arizona, in 2012 finally failed.Its great to turn it into a biofue（化学燃料）l, but first you go to pick it up, says Tom Boyd, an entrepreneur in Tennessee. His company, Poo Prints, shames the owners of dogs who fail to clean up their messes by testing DNA in uncollected turd.12. What does the underlined part The problem in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Lots of people feel lonely.B. Pet dogs produce a lot of waste.C. There are very limited green spaces.D. The greenhouse effect is getting serious.13. What do we know about the programme Sparky Power?A. It is about recycling household waste.B. It is operated by the local government.C. It aims to produce power from dog waste.D. It aims to clean parks with renewable energy.14. So far the program Sparky Power _.A. has just startedB.is a great successC. has ended i n failureD.is still under consideration15. What is the purpose of the company Poo Prints?A. To make good use of dog waste.B. To help people look for their dogs.C. To reduce the number of dog owners.D. To push people to pick up their dogs waste.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everybody likes to get a freebie(赠品). On my way to work today I was offered a bottle of new mineral water. Lucky me eh? 16 where you can get a freebie depends on a number of factors.For businesses, giving out something for nothing is an important marketing technique. They want to see our reaction and hear our feedback(反馈) and finally make us buy more. 17.They want to target the so-called trendsetters, in the hope that they will speak positively about the product and encourage people to buy more.Living in a capital city certainly improves your chances of getting a freebie. 18. So if you live in London, Paris or Beijing, youll probably see a new promotional campaign starting there first. The hope is that the fashionable people there will try and like the new item and support it on social media. Eventually everyone around the country will know about it.How businesses give away freebies is also of interest. 19: future selling, cross-selling and up-selling. The first is about giving something away assuming we will like it and buy more clients(客户) through an entrance product, with the intention of selling them additional products during its life cycle, and up- selling happens when a basic version is given away for free but charges a client for more advanced and complete versions. 20 someone has to pay for it and this usually comes from a firms marketing budget which is funded by the products we buyso the expression theres no such thing as a free lunch could be true.A. We might not give it much thoughtB. Well its a not necessarily down to luckC. Of course a freebie is not actually freeD. But who they hear from is very importantE. Maybe you have experienced one of these approachesF. According to economist Enrico Trevisan, they have three approachesG. Not only is the population larger but these places are considered the trendsetter第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。For many people, barbecues are a chance to enjoy a meal with family and friends. For Stan Hays, however, barbecuing becomes his skills to 21 people in need when disaster strikes. The 22 effort began in May 2011, when a severe tornado hit Joplin, about two hours from Hays home. His wife urged him to 23 . So he put out the 24 to his barbecue partners and 25 down with his portable smoker. We 26 wed be there three to four days, 27 maybe 5,000 meals, Hays said. But the 28 was there, so Hays and over 300 volunteers worked for 11 days to meet the need.Barbecue is 29 food, Hays said. If you just 30 your house or a loved one, youll get a 31 meal that reminds you of the BBQs you had in the backyard and makes you 32 the bad stuff in your life. Thats 33 to me. It was a life-changing 34 for Hays, who had never organized any type of la rge volunteer effort before. While preparing to head home, he and his friends Will Cleaver and Jeff Stith 35 that they needed to create a nonprofit（非盈利的） which is uniquely qualified to 36 to disasters like this quickly. So his nonprofit, Operation BBQ Relief was founded in 2011 and has served more than 1.75 million meals for survivors 37 .Seeing the people working and knowing the impact that the meals are making it cant help 38 bring a smile to your face, maybe make you 39 . After all, theyve done something thats made a big 40 .21. A. informB. save C. attractD. feed22. A. selfishB. uniqueC. extraD. brave23. A. assistB. escapeC. challengeD. compete24. A. commentB. topicC. wordD. duty25. A. putB. brokeC. headedD. let26. A. promisedB. pretendedC. thoughtD. wondered27. A. sellingB. servingC. collectingD. instructing28. A. rescueB. needC. sympathyD. command29. A. comfortB. healthC. junkD. convenience 30. A. leftB. repaired C. ignored D. lost31. A. hotB. quick C. valuableD. suitable32. A. worryB. forgetC. bringD. complain33. A. satisfyingB. respectfulC. pitiful D. worthwhile34. A. conclusionB. descriptionC. experienceD. movement35. A. realized B. knew C. got D. appreciated 36. A. appeal B. respondC. defeat D. took37. A. beforeB. earlyC. sinceD. then38. A. likeB. orC. andD. but39. A. tearB. painC. lightD. relax40. A. changeB. decisionC. effortD. difference第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chen Yifan, 17, a high school student, hit a 41 (value) SUV on his way to deliver some food, leaving a 20 centimeter scratch and a broken mirror. 42 nobody else at the scene, Chen left all his money, 311 yuan ($45), for compensation(补偿), and a letter. When the owner Mr. Xue saw the money and letter, he 43 (touch) by the students deed and decided to return the money.Chen finally got i n touch with the car owner, 44 was looking for him.I saw the owners telephone number on the car window, 45 I dared not call him. I was afraid to be blamed and decided 46 (leave) a short letter, Chen said. The teenager is a high-school student from a low-income family, and does part-time delivery jobs during vacations, 47 (earn) 60-70 yuan every day.Some people would leave without words after hitting a car, but the boy left money and an 48 (apologize) letter. His behavior 49 (deep) moved me.Xue has offered 10,000 yuan to help Chens future studies. He is a kind boy and should be rewarded for 50 (he) honesty, Xue said.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Faced with challenges, how should we do?Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, that is more than 1,500 meters above sea level. Lacking exercise, I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt very exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. See this, my classmates and even some stran