高中英语HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldPeriodFiveGrammar—Unrealconditionalsandthingshopedforordesired教案.docx

Period Five GrammarUnreal conditionals and things hoped for or desired感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题1If you had asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now.2He looks as if he had seen a ghost.3He looks as if he were an artist.4If only the alarm clock had rung!5If only I were you!6I wish he had visited us last night.7I would rather (that) I had not seen it.8I would rather you painted the wall green next time.9I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.10It is time that the children went/should go to bed.1句1中从句的谓语动词为hadasked，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；主句的谓语动词为wouldknow，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。2由句2、句3、句4和句5可以看出，asif从句和ifonly后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的虚拟用过去完成时，如句2和句4；表示对现在事实的虚拟用一般过去时(be动词常用were)，如句3和句5。3由句6、句7和句8可以看出，wish和wouldrather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的虚拟用过去完成时，如句6和句7；wouldrather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来事实的虚拟则用一般过去时，如句8。4在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest，order，command，require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用(should)动词原形，如句9。5由句10可以看出，在句型“Itistimethat.”中，从句的谓语动词可以使用一般过去时或“should动词原形”，should不能省略。一、错综时间条件句在这种条件句中，虚拟条件句即条件从句和主句所指时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词时态。IfIwereyou，Iwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning，theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.如果他们一大早就出发，再过半小时就该到了。二、含蓄条件句不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语(without.，butfor.)，连词(but)，副词(otherwise)或上下文等表示某种假设的情况。Withoutelectricity(Iftherewerenoelectricity)，lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果没有电，现在的生活将会大不相同。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise，Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.那天我病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。三、虚拟语气在asif/though，ifonly后的从句中的应用1asif/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。Theyoungmanwithlonghairwalksasifhewereasmallgirl.留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。2ifonly表示“要是就好了”，其后虚拟语气的用法见前面PeriodThree“经典句式”中讲的。IfonlyIhadcometothepartyyesterday.如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词insist，demand，require，request，propose，suggest，command，order等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。Heorderedthatthestudents (should) washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。注意：suggest意为“暗示，表明”；insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。Thelookonhisfacesuggestedhewasupset.他脸上的表情表明他很沮丧。Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持说他是对的。2在wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用“could/would动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我真希望自己能年轻三十岁。IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.我真希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。3在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。Idratherwehadarestnow.我希望我们现在休息一下。五、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用1“Itis形容词that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should动词原形”。用于本句型中的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising，strange，shocking，natural，essential，reserved，urgent，impossible等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等动词有关的形容词，如desirable(desire)，urgent(urge)，advisable(advise)，preferable(prefer)等。Itisnecessarythathe (should) listentotheradiofrequently.他很有必要常听收音机。Itisimpossiblethatthey (should) feeluncomfortabletolivewithus.他们跟我们住在一起不舒服，这不可能。2“Itis过去分词that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should动词原形”。用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。Ithasbeensuggestedthatthemeeting (should) beputoff.有人建议推迟会议。Itisrequiredthatyou (should) wearpropersuitstotakepartintheparty.参加这个晚会要求着装恰当。六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用虚拟语气用在表示说话人的愿望(desire)，建议(suggestion，advice)，要求(requirement，demand)，命令(order，command)等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。Oursuggestionisthatyou (should) bethereontime.我们的建议是你应该按时到那儿。Whatdoyouthinkofhissuggestionthatwe (should) putonaplay?他建议我们演一出剧，你觉得怎样？1.Itsstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.(2018江苏，24)AwouldBshouldCcouldDmight答案B解析句意为：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人的允许就把书拿走了。在itisstrange/important/necessary/.that.句式中，从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”。2.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage，andIwishIasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.(2018江苏，27)AhadBwillhaveCwouldhavehadDhavehad答案A解析句意为：这个村子里有很好的社交生活，我希望我还有机会更多地参与其中。动词wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用一般过去时。3DoyouhaveBettysphonenumber?Yes.Otherwise，Iabletoreachheryesterday.(2017天津，15)AhadntbeenBwouldnthavebeenCwerentDwouldntbe答案B解析句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的Otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用wouldhavedone，故选B项。4Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIaswellasher.(2015陕西，23)AdanceBwilldanceChaddancedDdanced答案D解析句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！Iwish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词一般用过去时，选D项。5IwishIatmysistersweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.(2015天津，13)AwillbeBwouldbeChavebeenDhadbeen答案D解析句意为：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由Iwasonabusinesstrip.可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。6Withouthiswartimeexperiences，HemingwayhisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015重庆，7)AdidntwriteBhadntwrittenCwouldntwriteDwouldnthavewritten答案D解析句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了，武器。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/mighthavedone，故D项正确。7Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwenowheretostaynow.(2015安徽，32)AhadBhadhadCwouldhaveDwouldhavehad答案C解析句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用“would动词原形”，故选C。8Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation，ortheytoourhelp.(2014浙江，16)AwouldhavecomeBcouldcomeChavecomeDhadcome答案A解析句意为：我们进行调研的那几个月他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于iftheyhadntbeenabroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况，因此这里谓语动词用wouldhavedone，故A项正确。9Wewouldratherourdaughterathomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陕西，23)AwouldstayBhasstayedCstayedDstay答案C解析wouldrather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“had过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。10ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIit？(2014重庆，13)AhaddoneBhavedoneCdidDamdoing答案A解析句意为：是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏的似的？题中broke发生在“过去”。asif/though后面的从句用haddone表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。.用所给词的正确形式填空1IfIhadtakenyouradvice，Iwouldntbe(be) insuchtrouble.2Withoutyourfinancialsupport，theywouldnthaveovercome(overcome) thesetbacks.3IfonlyIhadtaken(take) mymothersadvicelastnight!4Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents(should)begiven(give) twoweekstopreparefortheexam.5Heinsistedthatthey(should)show(show) himtheirpassports.6Thelastchancehasbeenlost.Howhewisheshecould/wouldhave(have) onemore!7Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachildsfirsteyeexam(should)be(be) attheageofsixmonthsold.8Iwouldhavegone(go) tomycousinsbirthdaypartylastnight，butIwasnotavailable.9DidyouexpectFranktocometotheparty?No，butIhadhopedthathewouldcome(come)10Herememberseverythingofhischildhoodasifithappened(happen) justnow.完成句子11Butforyourhelp，Iwould/could/might/shouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。12Mysuggestionisthatsomevolunteers(should)besenttheretohelpprotecttheTibetanantelopes.我的建议是派一些志愿者去那里帮助保护藏羚羊。13Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber；otherwisewewould/could/should/mighthavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话了。14Hespeaksasifhehadseenitwithhisowneyes.他说起来好像他亲眼见过似的。15Themotherorderedthatthechild(should)cleanhisroomeveryday.妈妈命令这个孩子每天都要把自己的房间打扫干净。.句型转换16Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow，youwouldbebetternow.Hadyoufollowedmyadvicejustnow，youwouldbebetternow.17Ifyouhadnthelpedus，wewouldnthavefinishedtheworkontime.Butforyourhelp，wewouldnthavefinishedtheworkontime.18Iwasillyesterday.Otherwise，Iwouldhavetakenpartinthemeeting.Iwasillyesterday.IfIhadntbeenill，Iwouldhavetakenpartinthemeeting.19ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.20Thepolicedemandedofustoleavethebuildingatonce.Thepolicedemandedthatweshouldleavethebuildingatonce.基础巩固.用所给词的正确形式填空1Heistoobusynow；otherwisehewouldhelp(help) youwithyourEnglish.2Butforyourtimelywarning，wewouldhavegot(get) intogreattrouble.Youknowwerefriends.3Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadntwasted(not，waste) somuchtimeplaying!4IfonlyIhadknown(know) histelephonenumberyesterday!5Heinsistedthatwe(should)punish(punish) theboy.6Itisorderedthatthesedoctors(should)besent(send) totheareaatonce.7ThedoctorssuggestionisthatI(should)lose(lose) weight.8Idratheryouarrived(arrive) heretoday.9Iwouldhavecome(come) tothepartylastnight，butIhadanunexpectedvisitorthen.10Itisnecessarythattheold(should)beexamined(examine) onceayear.单项填空11IfonlyIasolidfoundationinSeniorOne! IwouldntbestrugglinginEnglishnow.(2018镇江高二期末)AlayBlaidChadlaidDweretolay答案C解析句意为：我要是在高一打下坚实的基础就好了！我现在就不会在英语上挣扎了。ifonly要是就好了，用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时，故选C。12Didyouenjoyyourtrip?Yes.Butforyouradvice，weourstayinLondonhalfasmuch.(2018北京师大附中高一期末)AdidntenjoyBhadntenjoyedCwouldntenjoyDwouldnthaveenjoyed答案D解析句意为：你的旅途愉快吗？是的。要不是你的建议，我们在伦敦的逗留时间不会有那么多。此处是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用wouldhave过去分词，butfor相当于if虚拟语气的从句部分，此处用否定式，故答案为D。13Howlucky! Thetouriststoppedatthelastmoment.Indeed! Onemorestepandheoffthecliff(悬崖)(2018泰州高二期末)AwouldfallBwouldhavefallenCmayhavefallenDhadfallen答案B解析本句是一个含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，用“would/could/should/mighthavedone”结构，这一结构中的情态动词不能用may。句意为：真幸运啊！在最后一刻，这位游客停下来了。的确。再走一步，他就会摔下悬崖。故B项正确。14ButforMissLiushelp，IhavebeenadmittedintoPekingUniversity.(2018徐州高二期末)AwouldntBshouldCcouldDmight答案A解析句意为：要不是刘小姐的帮助，我就不会被北京大学录取了。此句是butfor引起的含蓄条件句，该句是对过去的虚拟，主句部分用wouldhavedone形式。15Lastnight，Itobefullyabsorbedinmywork，butfoundmyselfdisturbedbynoisesfrommyneighbourupstairs.(2018徐州高二期末)AhadintendedBwereintendedCintendedDhadbeenintended答案A解析句意为：昨晚我本来打算全神贯注地工作，但发现自己被楼上邻居的噪音弄得心烦意乱。hadintendedtodo.意为“本来打算做某事而未做”，故选A项。能力提升.阅读理解(2019山东实验中学高三诊断)YouveprobablyvisitedtheTiananmenGatetowerthelandmarkbuildingofBeijing，butyoumaynothaveheardofKuaiXiang.Alongwithhim，thefollowingremarkablearchitectsalltookthecenterstageattheirtimes.KuaiXiang(13991481)TiananmenGatetowerisuniversallyconsideredthebrainchildofKuaiXiang.Byfollowinginthefootstepsofancienthomebuilders，hesuccessfullypresentedtheEmperorJudywithagrandwoodenstructurewhichhasstoodthetestoftimeforalmost600years.Visitorsarealsohookedonitsdelicatepaintings.IeobMingPei(1917present)Hismottois：Traditionsshouldbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.Heisalwaysstrugglingwithinnovation.AlthoughundergrillingfromFrenchconservativecritics，hestillplantedaglasspyramidintothecourtyardoftheLouvre.HisotherworksincludeJohnFKennedyLibrary，BeijingFragrantHillHotelandSuzhouMuseum.ZahaHadid(19502016)In2004，shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerArchitecturePrize，theNobelPrizeforarchitecture.Sheusedtrickstomaximizeavailablespace.Herfluidstyleworkspioneertheconceptofmicroliving.Thecurves(曲线) ofGuangzhouOperaHouseperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofitssurroundingbuildings，formingauniqueview.MengFanchao(1959present)Manypeopledismissedthebuildingofamegabridgeasapipedream，butMengFanchaoturnedthisintorealitybybuildingHongKong