高中英语Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriodFiveGrammar—TheToinfinitiveandVerb_ing教案2.docx

Period Five GrammarThe To infinitive and Verb-ing感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Sometimes，other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study，but we like it that way.2I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.3Afterwards，I pretended to be cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong.4I begged her not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret.5I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said，Stupid Sarah got a D！6I was so upset that I felt like crying.7My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me.8Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument.9I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.10Shouting at him just made him feel worse.1以上句中，句1和句3中的动词不定式作宾语；句2和句5中的动词不定式作状语；句4中的动词不定式作宾补。2以上句中，句6、句7、句8和句9中动名词作宾语；句10中动名词作主语。动词不定式动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。常见的形式如下表所示(以及物动词do为例)，不及物动词没有被动语态。语态时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/一、不定式的时态和语态1一般式表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如：Heseemstoknowthis.他似乎知道这事。Ihopetoseeyouagain.IhopethatIllseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。2进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：Heseemstobeeatingsomething.他好像正在吃什么东西。3完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。Heseemstohavecaughtacold.他好像已经得了感冒。4完成进行式表示动作从过去开始延续至说话的时候。例如：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。二、不定式的作用1作主语Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放到句子的后面。Itssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真高兴。Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2作宾语大致上有两种情况：(1)有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为“动词不定式”。例如：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。(2)“疑问词不定式”结构可作介词的宾语。例如：Weretalkingabouthowtoovercomethepresentdifficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。Shegavemelotsofvaluableadviceonhowtoloseweight.她就如何减肥给我提出了许多宝贵的建议。3作宾补有些动词可以用不定式作补语。有这种用法的动词有：advise，allow，cause，challenge，command，drive(驱使)，enable，encourage，forbid，force，instruct，invite，like/love，order，permit，want，get，warn，persuade，request，send，tell，train，urge等。例如：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。Theofficerorderedhismentofire.长官命令士兵们开火。4作表语不定式可放在系动词后面作表语。例如：Hisdreamistobeadoctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。5作定语不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：Areyougoingtotheconferencetobeheldnextweek?你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？6作状语(1)作目的状语常用结构为todo，onlytodo，inordertodo，soastodo，so (such).asto.。例如：Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomehereonlytosaygoodbyetoyou.我来仅仅是为了向你告别。(2)作结果状语表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.他搜查了房间，结果什么也没发现。(3)表原因Shewepttoseethesight.她一看到这情形就哭了。(4)表理由和条件Hemustbeafooltosayso.他那样说真是傻。Youwilldowelltospeakmorecarefully.如果你说话再小心一些，你将会做得很好。注意：1.省去to的动词不定式(1)情态动词(除ought外)后。(2)使役动词let，have，make后；感官动词see，watch，lookat，notice，observe，hear，listento，smell，feel，find等后。但被动语态中不能省去to。例如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让他们整夜干活。Isawhimdance.Hewasseentodancebyme.我看见他跳舞了。(3)wouldrather，hadbetter句型后。(4)Why./Whynot.句型后。(5)help后可带to，也可不带to。(6)but和except后。but前有实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.他只想出去玩。Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.除了吃药，他什么都信。2to可以用作不定式的标志，也可用作介词。下面的to都用作介词：admittoobjecttobeaccustomedtobeusedto(习惯于)sticktoturnto(开始)lookforwardtobedevotedtopayattentiontocontributetoapologizetodevoteoneselftowhenitcomesto动名词动名词由动词原形加ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等；同时，它还保留着某些动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动名词的否定形式为：not/never动名词。详情见下表(以动词do为例)：语态时态主动被动一般式(not) doing(not) beingdone完成式(not) havingdone(not) havingbeendone一、动名词的时态和语态1主动语态(1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可以与谓语动词同时发生。例如：Thenforaperiodofseveralweekswepractisedoingtheplay.然后这几周的时间我们排练这部戏。(2)完成式。完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：Heapologizedtomeforhavingbrokenmyglasses.由于打破了我的眼镜，他向我道歉。2被动语态如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态。(1)一般式。例如：Hecameinwithoutbeingnoticed.他进来了，谁也没有注意到。(2)完成式。表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：Shesangryaboutnothavingbeeninvited.她对没有受到邀请感到生气。二、动名词的句法功能1作主语谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如：Itisnousearguingwithhim.和他争吵是没有用的。注意：常用v.ing形式作主语的句型有：Itis/wasawasteoftimedoing.做是浪费时间的。Itis/was no good/usedoing.做是没用的。2作表语作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如：Herjobisteaching.Teachingisherjob.她的工作是教书。Intheantcity，thequeensjobislayingeggs.Intheantcity，layingeggsisthequeensjob.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3作宾语Heisfondofplayingfootball.他喜欢踢足球。注意：(1)admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feellike，finish，forgive，giveup，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，putoff，resist，risk，suggest，canthelp，cantstand等动词和动词短语后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。(2)forget，goon，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词(短语)可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。例如：4作定语动名词作定语修饰名词时，说明被修饰名词的用途，在意义上有“供作之用”的意思。可以用这种定语修饰的名词有：way (of)，method (of)，art (of)，chance (of)，opportunity (of)，habit (of)，hope (of)，process (of)，possibility (of)，importance (of)，means (of)等。例如：Thecavewasagoodhidingplaceforthepoorchildrenatthattime.在那个时候，这个洞穴对于那些穷孩子来说是一个很好的藏身之处。awalkingstickastickforwalking一根拐棍Yourwayoflookingatthingsisbetter.你看事情的方式比较好。5作同位语动名词作同位语时，表示对前面的名词进行解释说明。例如：Hishabit，listeningtothenewsontheradio，remainsunchanged.他在收音机上听新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。6动名词的复合结构名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词的复合结构(ones/sb.s/n.doing/beingdone)，而名词所有格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。当动名词短语放在动词或介词之后时，名词所有格或物主代词还可分别用名词或人称代词的宾格代替。动名词的复合结构在句中多作主语或宾语。例如：Doyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?我开窗你介意吗？(作宾语/宾补)Mikesreturningmethemoneyintimepleasedme.迈克及时还我钱，我非常满意。(作主语)WecannotfinishourworkwithoutJohnhelpingus.有约翰帮助我们，我们才能够完成工作。(作宾补)单句语法填空1Youmaydrink，smoke，beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die) earlybyrunning.(2018全国)2Youdonthavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see) thebenefit.(2018全国)3Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look) directlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeelchallenged.(2018全国)4Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprove(improve) waterquality.(2018全国)5Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedmetostay(stay) andwatch.(2018全国)6Ididntmeantoeat(eat) anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldnthelptrying(try) it.(2018天津)7Traveling(travel) alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018北京)8DuringtheMidAutumnFestival，familymembersoftengathertogethertoshare(share) ameal，admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.(2018北京)9Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosave(save) theirvaluabletime.(2017北京)10Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting，asIhadatraintocatch(catch)(2017天津).单句语法填空1Theteacherforbadeustoleave(leave) ourseats.2Agoodhostshouldavoidmaking(make) hisguestsembarrassed.3Themanhurriedhome，onlytofind(find) thatthedoorwaslocked.4Itsaneffectivewaytoappeal(appeal) tothenewsmedia.5ThedifferenceinsizeandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPadminieasiertohold(hold)6Nooneisallowedtoenter(enter) thebuildingatnight.7Obviously，theoldmanwasafraidofbeingabandoned(abandon) bytheothertravelers.8Thereisnothingworsethanhaving(have) nofriendsintheworld.9Shecouldntstandbeingtold(tell) whattodo.10Inheropinion，playing(play) computergamesisawasteoftime.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11Heissostubbornthatitsnousewithhim.12.onthebeachduringthesummervacationreallymakesyourelaxed.13Inthepast，theboywasmadeworkformorethantwelvehoursaday.14Theysignedanagreementexpandthetradebetweenthetwocountries.15Whenitcomestoinpublic，noonecanmatchhim.完成句子16Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.我发现和他一起工作很有意思。17Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗？18Iremembermeetingyouoneeveningatthesupermarket.我记得有一天晚上在超市遇到了你。19Itsworthmakinganappointmentbeforeyougo.你去之前预约一下是值得的。20Wecantdoitwellwithoutourteacherhelpingus.没有老师的帮忙，我们是不能做好这(工作)的。基础巩固.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Whynotget(get) yourchildrentowork(work) outregularly?2Wehadbetternotpay(pay) toomuchattentiontogrammar.3Inthiswaywecanavoidsuffering(suffer) fromthepressureofexams.4Wewantednothingbuttoappeal(appeal) topeopletocaremoreforthedropoutstudents.5Thoughmadetogive(give) intohim，Iinsistedonmakingmydeskmatepromise(promise) nottodisturbmelikethat.6Whohadyouclean(clean) thewindowsonceagain?7Wewatchedourfriendsdisappear(disappear) intothedarkness.8Wehadnothingelsetodoexceptwait (wait) fortheresult.9Whenthethiefwasnoticedtoenter(enter) theshop，thepolicehidinginthebushrushedout.10Wewerepreparingtomakeafiretocook(cook) fishoverit.句型转换11Dontworryaboutit.Itsuseless.Itsnouseworryingaboutit.12Itisnotveryeasytofindthecauseoftheraredisease.Findingthecauseoftherarediseaseisnotveryeasy.13Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome.Therearestillalotofdifficultiesforustoovercome.14Thatshewillcometohelpusencouragesallofus.Hercomingtohelpusencouragesallofus.15Theysignedanagreementthattheyshouldexpandthetradebetweenthetwocountries.Theysignedanagreementtoexpandthetradebetweenthetwocountries.完成句子16Imlookingforwardtohavingagoodholiday(有一个美好的假日) whenwefinishtheproject.Butitsdifficulttosaywhetherwellbeapprovedofdoingthat.17WhatdoyouthinkmadeCeliasohappy?Winningaprize(获奖) intherecentcompetition.18Icantstand/bearworkingwithJaneatthesameoffice (忍受和简在同一间办公室工作)Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.19Henrydoesntseemtobewhathewas.No.Seeingsomanyterriblethingsinthewar (在战争中见过那么多可怕的事情) hasmadehimmorethoughtful.20Imverypleasedwithyour/youwinningamedal(你获得一枚奖牌)能力提升.阅读理解ADearIrene，Iamfeelingratherheartbroken.Mybestfriendwholivesinanothercitywillhaveher30thbirthdaypartythisweekend，butshehasntinvitedme.Lastyear，sheflewuptomycityformy30thbirthday.Shewasalsooneofmybridesmaids(伴娘) atmywedding.Wehaveneverhadanyarguments，andIamnotsurewhy.Atthispointinourlives，wouldshebepullingawayfromme? Ouranotherfriendwholivesinthesamecityasmehasbeeninvitedandshetoldmeabouttheparty.Aboutthreedaysago，Iemailedmyfriendandaskedifshewouldhaveaparty.Ihavenotreceivedaresponseuptonow.WhatshouldIdo? ShouldIcontactherandletherknowhowIlovetogoandcelebratewithher? Ireallydontwanttolosesuchadearfriend.Pleasehelp!Yours，ElyseHi，Elyse，Youmusthavefeltverysadaboutit.Andyoudidabsolutelytherightthingbyasking.Yourfriendnottorespondatallisrude，butisthereanypossibilitythatyourmessagegotlostincyberspace(网络空间)? Canyousenditagain?Yourfriendhasnttoldyourmutual(共同的) friendnottosayanythingaboutthepartytoyou，hasshe? Youshouldmakeclearwhethershedidntwanttoinviteyouorthereweresomeotherreasonswhyyouwerenotinvited? Perhapsthereisamisunderstanding.Ifyourfriendtrulyhasntinvitedyou，youcanwritetoherandmakeyourfriendknowsheisanimportantpersoninyourlife.Andtellherthatyouarehurtwithoutherinvitationtoherbirthdaypartytocelebrateherspecialday.Whenyourfriendknowssheissoimportanttoyou，shemaywanttocontinueyourfriendshipwithyou.Best，Irene语篇解读Elyse最好的朋友过生日却没有邀请她，她因此写信向Irene寻求帮助。Irene回信给她提供了建议。21WhatisElysesproblemaccordingtoherletter?AShehadanargumentwithherbestfriend.BHerbestfriendhasdecidedtomovetoanothercity.CShehasntbeeninvitedtoherbestfriendsbirthdayparty.DHerbestfriendhasmadeanewfriendandwantstoleaveher.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Elyse信中第一段的“Mybestfriendwholivesinanothercitywillhaveher30thbirthdaypartythisweekendbutshehasntinvitedme.”可知，她在为没有被邀请参加最好的朋友的生日聚会而苦恼。故选C。22ItisimpliedinParagraph2ofIrenesletterthatElysesfriend.AmisunderstoodherBkeptherpartyasecretConlyinvitedafewpeopleDmighthavesentheraninvitation答案D解析推理判断题。Irene在信中第二段提到Elyse的朋友并没有让她们共同的朋友不要提她过生日的事，又根据“Perhapsthereisamisunderstanding.”可知，Irene认为有可能Elyse的朋友给她发了邀请。故选D。23HowdidElysefeelwhenwritingtheletter?ANervousandsure.BWorriedandpuzzled.CSurprisedandpeaceful.DShyandembarrassed.答案B解析推理判断题。在写信时Elyse担心失去这个朋友，同时又为她的朋友没有邀请她而感到困惑。故选B。BSure，youtalktoyourparents，butwhatifyouneedtoreallytalk? Maybeyouhaveaproblemyoucantsolvealone，oritcouldbethatyouwanttofeelclosertoMomandDad.Itseasytosay“Hi，Mom”or“Dad，canyoupassthepotatoes？”，butitcanbehardertostartadiscussionabouttoughertopics.Whenyouwereyounger，itprobablyfelteasytotellyourparentsaboutyourtrouble.Eventhoughyoureoldernow，itsstillperfectlyOKtobelieveinyourparents.Infact，itcanhelpalot.Sowhydoesitseemsouncomfortableattimes? Whyisithardtobringuptheimportantstuff? Sometimeskidsdontspeakupbecausetheydontwanttofeelembarrassed(尴尬的)Letsfaceittalkingaboutpersonalstuffcanmakeyoufeelembarrassed.Butremember，yourparentsknowyouprettywell，andtheywereyourageonce，too! Sodontletalittleembarrassmentstopyou.ItsOKtogoaheadandsharethepersonalstuff.Othertimes，kidsmightnotwanttomaketheirparentsanxiousorupset.Asyouexplainyourproblem，yourmommightlooksadoryourdadmightlookworried.ButthatsOK.Yourmomanddadcandealwithknowingaboutyourproblem，bigorsmall.Thatlookontheirfacejustmeanstheycare，andtheyfeelforyou.Thatswhatfamiliesdowefeelforthepeoplewelove.Sometimes，kidsdontbringupaproblembecausetheyjustdontwanttothinkaboutit.Theyhopeitwilljustgoaway.Whenmeetingaproblem，theywilllikelychoosenottofaceitorjustkeepitforthemselves.Butrunningawayfromaproblemhardlyeversolvesit.Andbottlingupyourfeelingscanmakeyoufeelstressed.Talkingthingsoverwithparentscanhelpyoufeellessstressed.Together，youcanthinkofwaystosolvetheproblemandmakeyoufeelbetter.Justknowingyourparentsunderstandandcareaboutwhatyouregoingthroughcanreduceyourstressalot.语篇解读孩子长大后和父母交谈的次数越来越少。本文建议孩子应和父母分享自己的感情，因为和父母交谈可以帮助自己减轻压力。24Somekidsdontwanttosharetheirproblemswithparentsbecausethey.AbelievetheycansolvetheproblemsthemselvesBareafraidtheirparentsmayknowtheirsecretsCdontthinktheirparentswillunderstandthemDdontwanttomakethemselvesembarrassed答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Sometimeskidsdontspeakupbecausetheydontwanttofeelembarrassed(尴尬的)”可知，一些孩子不想和父母分享烦恼是因为他们不想感到尴尬。故选D。25Whatistheadvantageoftalkingwithparentsaboutyourproblems?AItmakesyourproblemslessdifficult.BItimprovesthefamilyrelationship.CIthelpsalottoreducepressure.DItimprovesyourabilitytosolveproblems.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Talkingthingsoverwithparentscanhelpyoufeellessstressed.”可知，和父母交谈可以减少压力。故选C。26Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?ALetsTalktoEachOtherBWhenYouNeedtoTalktoYourParentsCWhyYouDontWantaTalkDComeandTalktoYourParents答案D解析标题归纳题。本文在第一段就点出主题，然后介绍了和父母进行交谈的好处，特别是最后一段强调了和父母进行交谈的必要性。所以D项作本文标题最佳。.七选五Noteveryonedealswiththeirfeelingsasanopenbookforotherstoread.27Learntoopenupinordertoimproveyourmentalhealth.28Acceptthisandmoveon.Giveyourselfsometimetohavesweatypalmsorashakyvoice，sinceitwillgetbetterwithpractice.Askpeopleopenendedquestions.Tobeginpracticingopeningup，youneedtoengageinhonest，openconversation.Tryaquestionlike，“Howarethingsgoingatwork？”insteadof“Howsitgoing？”togetanopenanswer.Then，inturnansweropenendedquestionswithhonestanswers，insteadof“Fine”or“OK”29However，inmostcasespeopleareflatteredthatyouarelisteningtothemandinterestedintheirlife.Tryemulating(效仿) someonewhoisveryopen.Observetheminasocialsituation.Then，trytoactasifyouwerethemoccasionally.Manyopenbehaviorsarelearned，andnotanaturalpartofpersonality.30Avoidbeinga“knowitall”Somepeoplethinkadviceisopeningup，butitisunlikelytohelpyoumoreopen.Whenyouwanttogiveadvice，listenandtrytolearnsomethingnewfromthesituation.31Scheduleatleastonelongconversationperweek.Intheconversationyoutellsomeoneabouttheemotionalanddifficultpartofyourlife.Getintothepracticeofopeningupaboutwhatsgoodandbadinyourlife.AInthiscase，practicecanm