book2Unit1定语从句和写作.pptVIP

,写作讲座,考点精析,专题练习,佳作观摩,技法指导,专题练习,Unit 1 Cultural relics,Section Grammar & Writing,语法讲座,一、限制性定语从句 定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句被称为限制性定语从句，这类从句不能省掉，否则句意就不完整。 The boy (who/whom/that) I taught yesterday was very clever. 我昨天教的那个小男孩很聪明。 I was the only person in our class that was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.,我是我们班唯一一个在会议上受到校长表扬的人。 I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want. 我带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。,考题印证1 11(2011新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat 解析： 考查定语从句。 先行词the writer 与定语从句 的主语story之间为所属关系， 因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。 答案：C,12(2011山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses_ are built close to each other. Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat 解析：考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意：这座古老的城镇街道 狭窄，小房子挨得很近。 答案：D,二、非限制性定语从句 定语从句有时与先行词的关系不是十分密切，只是作附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句被称为非限制性定语从句，往往用逗号把这类从句与主句分开。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into mouth. 她听到一声巨响，这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。 This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.,这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。 That is his room, whose window faces south. 那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。,考题印证2 21(2011四川高考)The school shop, _customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. Awhich Bwhose Cwhen Dwhere 解析：考查定语从句。句中先行词为 the school shop, 它 与定语从句的主语customers存在所属关系，所以用关 系代词whose 引导定语从句。句意：学校的商店，其主 要顾客是学生，因此在假期暂停营业。 答案：B,22(2011安徽高考)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile 解析：考查复合句。句意： 无论剩下什么东西，都可以 放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“where it will keep for two or three weeks” 是定语从句，关系副 词where 在从句中作地点状语。 答案：C,三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定 语从句必须用逗号和主句隔开。 Mr.Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is one of my best friends.(非限制性定语从句) 昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。 I will never forget the day when we worked together.(限 制性定语从句) 我永远不会忘记我们在一起工作的日子。,考题印证3 31(2011全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, _is a stupid thing to do in such weather. Athis Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语 从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非 限制性定语从句，排除B。该从句应用which 引导， which在从句中作主语，代指前面的整个句子。 答案：D,32(2011福建高考)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dwho 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere 与修饰它的定语从句被 for her students 隔 开，该从句缺少主语，所以用 which引导。 答案：A,2先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非 限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句 话。试比较： This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为 novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”),考题印证4 41(2011北京高考)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _， of course, made all the others upset. Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dthat 解析：考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句， 指代整个主句部分的内容。 答案：B,42(2011陕西高考)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. Awhich Bwhere Cwho Dthat 解析：考查定语从句。句意： 我和我的朋友们走到山顶， 在那里我们观赏到湖的美景。句中没有并列连词或从属 连词，故逗号后为非限制性定语从句。因从句中缺少地 点状语故用where引导。 答案：B,3关系词的使用情况有所不同,The house (that/which) I bought last month has got a beautiful garden. 我上个月买的那幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。 Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？ This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正谈论的那个人。 点津 在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who, that或whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。 I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有个姐姐，她是个医生。,四、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句； 而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整 个主句又可以是主句的一部分 。 2as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中 和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。 3as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。 常用句型有： as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。,He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected. 正如期望的那样，他试验做得非常成功。 He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected. 他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。 As we all know, paper was first made in China. 正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。,点击下图片进入“专题练习”,假如你叫张华，是某中学的高一学生。为营造一个良好的学习环境，学校领导打算在教室里面安装空调。对此，你班学生展开了一场热烈的讨论。请根据下表中的讨论结果，用英语给校长写一封信。,Dear headmaster， Knowing that our school is going to install airconditioners in the classrooms, the students of our class had a heated discussion.Some students are for the plan while others are against it. Students who are for the plan think that airconditioners can make us comfortable both in summer and in winter.Besides, their families are well off and can afford the cost.,However, other students think that airconditioners can make the environment get worse, and airconditioners will make a lot of noise which will have a bad effect on our studies.Meanwhile, installing airconditioners will increase their economic burden. In my opinion, I dont agree to install airconditioners.We are students, so we should pay much more attention to our study instead of seeking socalled comfortable conditions.Whats more, the most important thing is that we should protect our environment as well. Best wishes， Yours， Zhang Hua,第一段直接说明了辩论主题和参与者。 第二、三段从正反两方面进行辩论陈述。 第四段陈述了作者自己的看法和主张。,文章要点全面，结构清晰，论据充分，语句顺畅紧凑。 亮点一：句中运用现在分词作伴随状语，开门见山地引出话题，能够很好地吸引读者兴趣； 亮点二：句中，besides，however，meanwhile, in my opinion, whats more等连接词的运用恰到好处，使上下文逻辑性强，全文语意连贯、丰满； 亮点三：句运用定语从句，句运用表语从句，结构复杂，语意表达清楚连贯，给文章增色不少。,如何写观点对比类议论文 议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理，发表意见或提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实，讲道理，辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。观点对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。 1观点对比类议论文的结构通常为：提出问题；陈述不同的观点及其理由；说明自己的观点。,2要做到要点完整，条理清晰。各段之间层次清楚，以使文章显得有条理。从文章结构层次上讲，通常采用三段式。 3正确定位时态，常用一般现在时。行文时要注意关联词的使用，并选择使用恰当的表达方式，如复合句、反问句、祈使句等，使文章不落俗套。 4准确使用常用词汇与结构，使文章