HND大二经济学introduction.ppt

Introduction to the Course (1),Course title: Economics 1: Micro and Macro Theory and Application Course purpose: It is designed to build on a candidates introduction to economics and expose them to microeconomic and macroeconomic applications of theory. It introduce current issues in economics and provides an opportunity for candidates to analyse and evaluate them.,Introduction to the Course (2),On completion of the Unit candidates should be able to: 1. Explain costs and the market structure within which a firm operates. 2. Evaluate the impact of unemployment and inflation. 3. Evaluate government use of revenue and expenditure.,Assessment,Assessment will be by using two instruments of assessment. The first one covering Outcome 1 is an open-book essay of around 1,000 words. This assessment may be built around a relevant case selected from newspaper, journal or internet. The second one will cover Outcome 2 and 3. This assessment will be one closed-book exercise, of no more than 2 hours. Candidates may bring with them source notes.,Knowledge for Outcome 1,Costs of the firm short run and long run costs. Characteristics of market structures perfect competition, monopoly and oligopoly. Price and output behaviour in perfect competition, monopoly and oligopoly. The role of profit maximisation. Alternatives to profit maximisation.,Evidence Requirements for Outcome 1,A candidates should be able to demonstrate an understanding of cost in either the short or long term assess the characteristics, price and output behaviour of two market structures explain two roles of profit maximisation analyse two alternatives to profit maximisation.,Knowledge for Outcome 2,Unemployment Types of unemployment Solutions to combat unemployment Impact of unemployment individuals and businesses Inflation Types of inflation Keynesian and Monetarist views Solutions to combat inflation Impact of inflation on individuals and businesses Recent trends in unemployment and inflation in the UK.,Evidence Requirements for Outcome 2,A candidates should be able to outline one type of unemployment or inflation. explain a policy designed to deal with unemployment or inflation. explain two effects of unemployment or inflation on individuals and businesses. analyse UK trends in unemployment or inflation over the last 20 years.,Knowledge for Outcome 3,Fiscal policy The aims of fiscal policy, fiscal policy methods in the UK, Government spending and its effects. Monetary policy The aims of monetary policy, monetary policy methods in the UK, Government use of fiscal and monetary policy in the UK over the last 20 years. Regional development and policies.,Evidence Requirements for Outcome 3,Explain the aims of fiscal policy Explain fiscal policy methods in the UK Evaluate government spending and its effects Explain the aims of monetary policy Explain monetary policy methods in the UK,Assessment 1 task instructions,Material below that will allow you to complete an essay for Outcome 1. You should answer each of the questions and submit them in an essay to your tutor. Richard Branson established Virgin Mobile in 1999 and after three years of trading it is making profits. It is regarded within the industry as a niche player after having been late in entering the mobile phone market. Virgin Mobile in 2002 has a customer base of 1,445,492 customers. However, the number of customers signed up to Virgin Mobile is still a fraction of those who use Orange, Vodafone, BT Cellnet or One2One. The questions, below, are intended to allow you to structure the paragraphs of your essay.,Assessment 1 task instructions,(i) The mobile phone market is believed to be an oligopoly what are two characteristics of this market structure? (ii) Illustrate with an appropriate diagram and describe the price and output behaviour that may be seen in an oligopolistic market structure. (iii) Choose another market structure and suggest two characteristics of this market structure. (iv) For your chosen market structure and with the aid of an appropriate diagram describe the price and output behaviour in it. (v) What two roles would profit have played in attracting Richard Branson to the mobile telephone market? (vi) Analyse two other alternatives to profit maximisation as a goal of the firm. (vii) Discuss what influences the shape of the total cost, average cost and marginal cost curves in the short run in a firm.,Grading Policy,一个outcome期间缺课超过50%者，无资格参加该outcome考试。 任何evidence requirements不得抄袭，凡涉抄袭者，视情节须重修 (retake)或重做 (redo)相关outcome。 该课程实行两种计分制：通过制，百分制。 出勤，课堂参与，家庭作业共占总分数的30%，两次考试共占总分数的70%。 Plagiarism is the representation of anothers work or ideas as ones own; it includes the unacknowledged word-for-word use and/or paraphrasing of another persons work, and/or the inappropriate unacknowledged use of another persons ideas.,Explanation,Explain any two relevant characteristics of oligopoly. A kinked diagram should be drawn and explained. Explain any two relevant characteristics of perfect competition or monopoly.,Explanation,A diagram of perfect competition or monopoly in the short run should be drawn. A description of price and output for perfect competition should be provided. Price is constant over the output range The profit maximising rate of output is where marginal revenue equals marginal cost A diagram of monopoly in the short run should be drawn. A description of price and output should be provided. The profit maximising level of output is where marginal cost equals marginal revenue The price charged by the monopolist will result in supernormal profit being earned in the market,Explanation,Two roles of profit. Reward to entrepreneur, signal to enter market, incentive to produce. See Chapter 3.,Explanation,Discuss the total cost curve that is upward sloping and that it is influenced by total fixed cost and total variable cost. The total cost curve is parallel to the total variable cost curve due to the vertical distance between the two being total fixed costs. Discuss that average cost and marginal cost curves are U shaped. Discuss that both curves are influenced by diminishing returns and a brief explanation of diminishing returns should be given.,Format,Create seven simplified questions based on original ones and answer them one by one. Title: times new roman 16 (bold, capitalize initial letter of each word), second level heading: 14(bold). Body text: times new roman 12. Line space 1.5, paragraph space 1.5. Use tab at the beginning of each paragraph. Use footnote to give references and notes. Cover page: needs title, course name, student name and class, date of fulfillment; no format requirement. No more than 1300 words.,以下是报告的格式要求： 人民大学HND中心报告规范要求 需要加上报告封皮（见下页） 1. Report title 大标题字号： 3号或者16 2. 副标题字号： 四号字或者14 3. 正文： 小四或者12 4. 行距：1.5倍