初中英语被动语态特殊用法.ppt

初中英语被动语态特殊用法,一.何时使用被动语态 英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:。 1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态 Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。,2.强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态 If you break the school rules，you will be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。 3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态 Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。,4.修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。 5.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态 Youve been told many times not to make the same mistake.你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。,6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态，在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性 The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nations west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。 7.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。,常用于被动语态的动词有 born（出生）、 situate（坐落于）、 build（建造）、break（打破）、publish（出版）等。 二.使用被动语态时的主意事项 1.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动 The boy got hurt on his way to school. 这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。,类似短语 get burnt（着火）、get killed（被杀）、get hurt（受伤）、get lost（迷路） get dressed（穿衣服）、get changed（变化）、get married（结婚）、get washed（洗）等。 2. 带双宾语动词的被动语态 1）、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语), 这类动词主要的有：buy, give, lend, pay, show, teach, tell, offer, leave, award 等：,他给了她一些钱。 主动：He gave her some money. (正) 被动：She was given some money by him. (正 ） 被动：Some money was given to her by him. (正),2）、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do, make, pass, sell, sing, write 等： 他给她写了封信。 主动：He wrote her a letter. (正) 被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正) 被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见),3）、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语, 这类动词主要的有：answer, refuse, save, spare, deny, envy 等： 他们不允许我入场。 主动：They refused me admittance. (正) 被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正) 被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见),3.有些“动词+介词/副词”构成的固定动词短语，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性，不可分开。 例句 主动语态：We should take good care of the old and the children. 我们应该照顾好老人和小孩。 被动语态：The old and the children should be taken good care of.,4.英语中，有些动词接不带to的不定式做宾补，但是当它们变为被动语态时，要把to加上去。 例句主动语态：The boss made them work twelve hours every day. 老板让他们每天工作十二小时。被动语态：They were made to work twelve hours every day. 可接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有 let（让）、have（使）、see（看）、notice（注意）、watch（观看）、listen to（听） hear（听）、observe（观察）、feel（感觉）等。,5、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词.“句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的“It is + 过去分词+ that“句型还有 It is reported that据报道 It is said that据说 It is believed that大家相信 It is suggested that有人建议,6、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen， cost，take，have An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday.（ ） The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 This book sells well.这本书畅销。,7在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require之后，作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： The teaching plan requires further discussing. 教学计划需要进一步讨论。 The machine needs repairing. 这个机器需要修理。 8在“be worth doing”结构中，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： The movie is worth seeing twice. 这部影片值得看两遍,9在句型“sth.vi.adv.”中，象wish, sell, write, lock, open, close, last 等不及物动词，用主动形式表示某物的某种属性。例如： This kind of cloth washes easily and sells well. 这种布料容易洗，好卖。,10 一些及物动词，如 read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, allow, run, record, begin 等，在主语是物的句子里时，常用主动形式表被动意义。例如： The story-book sells well. 这本故事书很畅销。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔很好用。 The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。,11、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。例如： 1) The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 在 1861 年美国内战爆发了。 2)The accident which took place last week surprised us. 上星期发生的事件使我们很惊讶。,12、当谓语动词为 say, report, think, believe, expect, know, consider, suppose 等的句子变被动语态时，有两种形式： A. 用 it 作形式主语，而真正的主语用从句的形式来表达，句型为： It is said / reported / supposed / believed that （据说 / 据报道 / 据推测 / 有人相信）。例如： People say that he is a doctor. It is said that he is a doctor. 据说他是个医生。 B. 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。例如： People say that he is a doctor. He is said to be a doctor.,巩固练习,.把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1 We often use a recorder in our English class. 2 They will show a new film next week. 3 When did they build the house? 4 I saw the boy enter the room. 5 Will they show a new film next week?,6 Have they posted the letter yet? 7 We often see him help his classmate. 8 You must turn off the light before you go to bed. 9 Who is repairing the bike? 10 The student should learn all the texts by heart.,.选择填空:,1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3. Food _ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept 4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent,5. The pen _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place 7. Our compositions must _ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 8. The child will _ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending,9. _ his work _ yet? A. havebeen finished B. has been finished C. has finished D. havefinished 10. The classroom _ now A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned,.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:,1. Can he _ (speak) English? 2. What language _ (speak) in that country? 3. The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday. 4. These TV sets _ (make) in SiChuan. 5. It has got so dark. Would you please _ (turn) on the light?,6. A new hospital _ (build) in this area now. 7. _ the book _ yet?(return). 8. Rice _ (grow) in the south. 9. The window _ (not break) by the boy. 10. I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now.,11. The Mid-Autumn Festival _(celebrate) in China . 12. I _ (ask) by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday. 13. Books of this kind _ (sell) very well. 14. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet, the room _ (paint). 15. The boy _ (bring up) in the countryside. 16. A good job _ me last year. (offer),Keys:,.把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1. A recorder is often used in ou