高考复习之定语从句.ppt

定语从句考点透视 基本概念：一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,that which who whom whose as,when where why,从句中的成分,指代对象,人/物 物/句子 人 人 人/物 人/物/句子,主语/宾语 主语/宾语 主语/宾语 宾语 定语 主语/宾语,时间 地点 原因,时间状语 地点状语 原因状语,选择依据： 1）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、宾语、定语还是状语 2）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、地点、原因 3）判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有that, why不能引导非限制性从句),考点一：关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that? I will tell him all that you told me at the ball. He asked about the factories and workers that he visited. The only thing that we could do was to wait. This is the best TV that is made in China. Who is the man that is standing by the door?,考点一：关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that? A. 先行词(指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定代词修饰 B. 先行词兼有指人和指物的名词 C. 先行词(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰 D. 先行词(指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰 E. 当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句,考点二：有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom? 1. He made the same mistakes again, _ made his parents very angry. 2. Mr. Smith, _ gave a talk several months ago, will come again. 3. This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars. 4. Xiao Wang, with _ I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.,which,which,whom,who,1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom 2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom,考点三：在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词? 1. The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 2. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend . 3. He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar. 方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配,for,on,with,fight for 为而奋斗,depend on 依赖；依靠,be familiar with对熟悉,方法2. 根据语境句意，确定合适的介词 1.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house. 2.This is our classroom , _ which is the teachers desk. 3. I am looking for my glasses, _ which I cant watch TV.,through,in the front of,without,方法3. 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯 1. Ill never forget the day _ which she said goodbye to me. 2. I can still remember the farm _ which we spent two years together when we were young.,on,on,考点四：名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少? 1.The committee consists of 20 members and 5 of them are women. 2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s. 3.I have a sentence, and I dont understand the meaning of it. 名词/代词/数词+ of 表示物用which 表示人用whom, 5 of whom are women., most of which were written in 1930s., the meaning of which I dont understand.,考点五：如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句? 1. This is the town _I spent my childhood. 2. The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990. 3. Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. 4. Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. 5. This is the reason _ I didnt come here. 6. The reason _ she gave was not true.,where,which,when,which/ that,why,which/ that,1. 先行词是表示地点，时间，原因的名词或含有地点，时间，原因意义的抽象名词，用when, where, why来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于相应的介词+which 2. 若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,考点六：如何用好whose 引导的定语从句? whose表示所属关系，充当定语 1.The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. 2.There are 20 students in this class, _ are different. A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose,whose,考点七：as 和 which 的区别知多少？ as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语。 as引导的限制性定语从句中，先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, asas结构。 提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中出现as, 请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语从句。,1、用于非限制性定语从句时，as 和which都可以指代整个主句的内容，as引导的从句可置于句首，句中和句尾，但which引导的从句只能置于句尾。 1. He left her, as/ which was strange. 2. As everyone knows, Tom is good at English. 3. The decision was right, which was exactly what he wanted.,2、as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词必须是系动词，构成系表结构或被动结构，有“正如”，“就像”的含义 as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有 as is well known/ is known to all as has been said before as has been already pointed out as we all can see as is expected/ hoped/ supposed as is often the case,考点八：定语从句运用中的注意点 1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。 试比较： He is the only one of the students who was here just now. He is one of the students who were here just now. 2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较： He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.,3、是用the one还是用that , which, where。 （1）Is this school _ you study in? （2）Is this the school _ you study in? （3）Is this the school _ you study? （4）Is this school _ is a senior one? A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that / which 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which),D,A,B,E,4、是用when还是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the day _I joined the army. A. that/ which B. when 当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which. 5. where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表 示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如： 1)Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别修饰point 和situation, 表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种 境况中”，类似还有condition, case, scene,stage。,A,B,6、定语从句与强调结构的区别 （1）It was in this house _ he was born. （2）It was this house _ he was born. （3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there 判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。,B,A,B/C,7、定语从句与其他从句的区别 （1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较： You should leave the toy where you can find it. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you. （2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。 试比较： He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person tha