英语诗歌介绍(IntroudctiontoEnglishPoetry).ppt

1. What is poetry?,A literary form,Written in lines,Rich imagery,Great artistic appeal,Beautiful harmony,Compressed content,An Introduction to English Poetry,Danti: Divine Comedy神曲,Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园,Homer: Iliad伊利亚特; Odyssey奥德赛,3) Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗）,2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗）,1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）,2. Kinds of Poetry,In terms of content :,Songs（韵文) odes （颂诗） Elegy（挽诗）,Epics (史诗) ( heroic poems) ballads（民谣）,lyre (里拉),usu. in dialogue; in blank verse,2. Kinds of Poetry,In terms of metre:,1) Metrical Poems（格律诗）,Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines,2) Free Verse（自由诗）,Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm; Irregular Number of Lines,3) Blank Verse（无韵诗）,Without Rhyme ; With Rhythm,The sun is not abed when I At night u pon my pil low lie,4. Foot（音步）,1) Iambus（抑扬格）,or: Iambic Foot（抑扬音步）,( Iambic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Iambus),（四步抑扬格）,or: Anapaestic Foot（抑抑扬音步）,or: Dactylic Foot（扬抑抑音步）,( Dactylic Bi-metre ) （两步抑抑格）,6) Spondee（扬扬格）,7) Pyrrhic（抑抑格）,5) Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）,（扬扬格）,（抑抑格）,（抑扬抑格）,5. Metre（格）,Mono-metre,Bi-metre,Tri-metre,Tetrametre,Pentametre,Hexametre,Heptametre,Octametre,6. Sound Patterns,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,Alliteration （头韵）,Assonance （准韵）,Para-rhyme （侧韵）,Reverse-rhyme （逆韵）,Full rhyme （完全韵）,take time,take late,take like,take took,take tale,take lake,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,Consonance （谐韵）,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,C V C C V C,7. Alliteration:,phantom fathom ; psychology simple,a) To give emphasis:,might and main ; fit as a fiddle,b) To connect ideas:,Please pick up the pretty pink pills for pale people.,c) To connect actions:,The fighter fled into the field, and, foremost fighting , fell.,8. Rhyme:,Home foam ; chair there,a) Internal rhyme:,I am the daughter of the Earth and Water. (Shelley),We plough and sow-were so very, very low. (Ernest Jones),Ah, distinctly I remember it as in the bleak December. ( Poe ),c) Feminine Rhyme（阴韵）:,(1) What is fame? An empty bubble. Gold? A transient, shining trouble.,(2) Rise like lions after slumber, In unvanguishable number.,(3) Oh! ye immortal Gods! what is theogony? Oh! thou, too, mortal man! what is philanthropy?,Hour tour ; now know ; dear bear ; save have,e) Bi-syllabic Rhyme （双音节韵） :,f) Tri-syllabic Rhyme （三音节韵） :,e) Eye rhyme（眼韵）:,I / fly ; fool / rule ; write / fight ; again / remain /sustain,borrow / sorrow ; daughter /water ; conversation /compensation Roman / no man ; know it / show it,beautiful / dutiful ; think of it / drink of it,9. Rhyme Scheme:,1) aabb（连续韵）:,Work while you work, and play while you play, a For that is the way to be happy and gay. a All that you do, do with your might, b Things done by halves are never done right. b,2) abab（交叉韵）:,How do you like to go up in a swing. a Up in the air so blue? b Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing a Ever a child can do! b,3) abba（首尾韵）:,I hold it true , whateer befall ; a I feel it when I sorrow most ; b Tis better to have loved and lost b Than never to have loved at all. a,4) abcb（二四韵）:,Spring is green, a Summer is bright, b Autumn is gold , c Winter is white. b,A stanza is a group of lines ( of any number of lines, most frequently of four lines ) boud together by an end rhyme.,10. Stanza:,11. Sonnet:,1) Italian Sonnet（意大利体十四行诗）,2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗）,3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）,1) Italian Sonnet,Francesco Petrach,The poetry of earth is never dead : a When all the birds are faint with the hot sun, b And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run b From hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead; a That is the Grasshoppers - he takes the lead a In summer luxury, - he has never done b With his delights; for when tired out with fun b He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed. a,The poety of earth is ceasing never : c On a lone winter evening, when the frost d Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills e The Crickets song, in warmth increasing ever, c And seems to one in drowsiness half lost, d The Grasshoppers among some grassy hills. e,an octave + a sestet,2) Spenserian Sonnet,Edmund Spenser,For loe my love doth in her selfe containe b All this worlds riches that may farre be found. c If saphyres, loe her eyes be saphyres plaine: b If rubies, loe her lips be rubies sound; c,3 quatrains + a couplet,If pearls, her teeth be pearls both pure and round; c If yvorie, her forehead yvory weene; d If gold, her locks are finest gold on ground; c If silver, her fair hands are silver sheene. d,But that which fairest is, but few behold: e Her mind, adorned with vertues manifold. e,Ye tradefull merchants, that with weary toyle a Do seeke nost pretious things to make your gain, b And both the Indians of their treasures spoile, a For loe my love doth in her selfe containe b,3) Shakespearian Sonnet,Shakespear,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, c And often is his gold complexion dimmd; d And every fair from fair sometime declines , c By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd. d,3 quatrains + a couplet,But thy eternal summer shall not fade, e Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, f Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade, e When in eternal lines to time thou growst. f,So long as man can breathe or eyes can see, g So lon