Lecture4Practicalwriting英语应用文写作.ppt

第八部分 应用文写作,大纲要求的五种应用文体: 信件、便笺、备忘录、摘要、报告。 信函（LETTER） 英语书信，在形式上可分为下面六个部分:信头(The Heading)、收信人地址(Inside Address)、称呼(The Salutation or Greeting)、正文(The Body结束语(The Complimentary Close)、署名(The Signature)。 (1) 信头部分由写信人的详细地址及写信日期组成，常打印于信纸第一页的右上角。末尾可用标点符号，也可以不用。信头指发信人的姓名或单位名称、地址、邮政编码，正式函件中有时还需包括电话号码、电传编号和电报挂号(通常印好在打印纸上)。 (2) 要特别注意地址和日期的写法。英文地址写法与中文顺序完全相反，应当先写门牌号，再写路名(街名)、城乡名、省名、邮政编码和国名等。换言之，其书写顺序由小单位到大单位。此外，信头中的姓名应写在地址之前，这也与中文不同。 (3)发信日期一般写在信笺右上角的信头下方。如用已臼有信头的信笺，只需将日期写在信笺右上角。日期的写法有美英之分。美国的写法是:月、日、年，如October 10, 2001。 英国的写法是:日、月、年，如10th October, 2001。 (4) 收信人地址在私人信件中常被省略，而较正式的信件中一般包含这一部分。通常位于信笺称呼的上端，顶格书写。,(5)称呼是为了表达对收信人的致意，通常写在收信人姓名和地址的下面1-2行处，并与之齐头。称呼后面美国一般用“，“但英国常用“:“。 (6)在写给要好的朋友或亲属的私人信中，一般直呼名字即可。而较正式的信中，要用收信人的姓氏加_L他的职务或Mr. / Mrs. / Miss/MS. 另外，在称呼前，常常加“Dear“等表达亲切感的形容词。正式函件中常用的称呼是:对于男子，单数用Sir, Dear Sir, My Dear Sir;复数常用Dear Sirs或Gentlemen，其中Gentlemen一词总是以复数出现，前面不能冠以Dear。对于女子，单数用Madam, Dear Madam, My Dear Madam, 复数Mesdames, Dear Mesdames。 (7)正文是信件的主体部分，包含写信人所要传达的内容。一般来讲，私人信件较为随意，而正式信件的语言要得体一些。 (8)结束语要根据写信人与收信人的亲疏关系、书信目的和内容来选择，注意文明、礼貌，达意得体。通常结语的第一个字母要大写，末尾用逗号与署名分开。 (9)署名位于书信最后一页的右下角。在较正式的信件中，常置于结语与打印的姓名之间，有时候在打印的姓名之后还有写信人的职务等内容。署全名与否也视信件正式程度而定。 注:由于大纲规定不能写地址，所以本文书信中的地址均省略了。,英语信件的写作要求,英语书信同普通的作文写法有些不同，它并不要求华丽的辞藻，而着重表意的准确性。英美人士一般倾向于用较为简洁的语言来写信件。英语书信的三字诀：A.准确 B.简洁 C.清楚。与此同时还应注意礼貌。,英语书信的分类,英语书信一般分为两大类：商业信件或事务信件（Business Letters or Official Letters)以及私人函件（Private Letters),或正式和非正式信件（Formal and Informal Letters),英语书信的基本格式 一、正式信件（公事信件）,） 205 5th Avenue New York, N.Y.10023 April 29, 2007 American Language Institute New York University 1 Washington Square North New York , N. Y. 10003 Gentleman, Would you kindly send me the spring catalogue of English courses offered at the American Language Institute? I have recently arrived in this country from China, and I would like to take some courses to improve my English. Truly yours, Li Ming,二、非正式信件（私人信件）,1 Sixth Avenue New York, N.Y.10023 April 29, 2007 Dear Mr. Smith, My husband and I would be very happy if you could come to dinner on Saturday night, May 2nd, at 7 oclock in the evening. We are having a small informal party afterwards. We hope you can join us. Sincerely yours, Sally Robert,英语书信的基本常识,英语书信一般可分为八个部分： 信头（Heading) 收信人姓名和地址（Inside Address) 称呼（Salutation) 信的正文(Body) 信末客套话（Complimentary closing) 签名（Signature) 附件（Enclosure) 再启（Postscript),英语书信常用语,一、开首语 As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious. I must apologize for not having written to you previously. Please pardon my long not writing to you. Having mislaid your address, I have not been able to reply sooner. I have the pleasure to tell you that I have just received your kind letter. Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning.,二、结束语 Looking forward to a prompt reply. Please do not fail to write to me. I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience. As the season grows colder, I hope you will take good care of yourself. With kind regards to your family. Pray give my best remembrances to Mr. Brown. My parents ask also to add their best thanks to mine. I thank you for the trouble you have taken. Hoping you will have a pleasant trip.,三、社交用语 I am very grateful for your kindness in permitting me to. Should an interview be desired, I shall be happy to call at any hour you may appoint. I have some important business matter to communicate to you. Anything further will be discussed when we meet. I regret that a prior engagement will prevent me from a tending. I thank you for your kind entertainment last evening. I shall have great pleasure in accepting your invitation. Accept my thanks for our handsome present.,四、祝愿语 Pray accept my best and sincerest wishes for the New Year. Presenting the compliments of the season. With every good wish. Pray allow me to congratulate you most heartily on your success in your examination. I am glad to hear that you were appointed., on which I congratulate you most heartily. I congratulate you upon your success. I wish you still further success.,英文书信的种类,一、社交信 1. 邀请信(Letters of Invitation),一、邀请信常用语 1、would you like to come to dinner with us ? 2、It would be a great pleasure for me if you could come to dinner with us at ? 3、I wonder if you could come for dinner with us at? 4、May I have the honour of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌，恭请光临 5.We are having a tea party at , and we would like to have you company. 6. We are having a get-together at , and it would be very nice if you would come. 7. We are holding a dance at , will you be able to join us ?,8. We are having an English Evening at , and we should be pleased if you could join us. 9、Thank you for inviting us to dinner 10、I hope youre not too busy to come. 我期望您会在百忙中光临 11、The reception will be held in .,on . 招待会定于.在.举行 12、We sincerely hope you can attend 13、We are looking forward to . 14、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion 为此我们决定举办一次晚会 15、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience 是否参加，请早日告之,Letter 1 发信人：张海 内容：1.邀请David暑假期间到北京来度假。 2.陪同他游览长城、故宫、颐和园等。 3.请回信告知是否能来。 写信日期：2007年4月28日 Letter 2 回信人： David 内容： 1. 感谢并接受张海的邀请 2. 决定7月初来北京 回信日期：2007年5月3日,Letter 1 April 28th, 2007 Dear David, How are you getting along? The summer vacation is approaching. Id like to invite you to come to Beijing during the summer vacation. I will accompany you to visit many scenic spots in Beijing, such as the Great Wall, the Imperial Palace, The Summer Palace and so on. I wonder if you are interested in my plan. Please let me know whether you will come or not. I look forward to your reply. Yours truly Zhang Hai,Letter 2 May3rd, 2007 Dear Zhang Hai, Thank you for your kind invitation. Im willing to spend my summer vacation with you in Beijing. I have decided to go to Beijing in the early July. I cant wait for the moment. Thanks a lot and best wishes for you. Yours faithfully David,Inviting a Foreign Friend for Dinner Directions: Your family is going to give a dinner party at home. Gao Lu, a famous young calligrapher, has been invited. Meanwhile, you also want to invite your foreign friend Alice who likes Chinese calligraphy. Now write a letter to her inviting her to your dinner party telling her the time and then the brief plan about the party. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Wu Hua“ instead. You do not need to write the address.,范文呈现 Dear Alice, We are inviting a few friends for dinner Saturday night, June the fourth, and I think it would be a good idea if you can join us. I know you are interested in Chinese calligraphy (书法), and I think youll happy to meet Mr. Gao Lu, a well-known calligrapher who is coming to dinner as well. Mr.Gao is bringing a collection of his own works (几件他自己的作品)and has promised to give us an on-the-spot demonstration(现场展示)of his skills. Im sure youll thoroughly enjoy the evening. We plan to serve supper at 6:00 so as to have a nice long evening to talk. I do hope that you can make it. Yours ever, Wu Hua,二 拒绝邀请,1.谢绝信一般包括如下几部分： 1）对读信人的某些观点表示同意，对读信人表示感谢，或把对观点的同意和致歉相结合； 2）提出谢绝的原因； 3）做出明确的谢绝； 4）提出对读信人有帮助的建议或选择。,2. 开头常用语： 1）Your question is quite constructive. We agree that 2) Thank you for We are pleased that 3)We would like to grant your request, but we are sorry that 3. 明确拒绝常用语： 4）I am sorry to inform you that we cant supply the information requested. 5) I am sorry that we cant grant your request.,6)I regret that we must decline this opportunity to 7)We dont have a position open that fits your qualifications. 结尾常用语： 8）Thank you for thinking of me. 9) Wish the meeting a success. 10) I know you will find a suitable position soon.,Letter 1 Dear Li Fen, I regret very much that I cant come to your birthday party. My mother is laid up in bed. Although my father is looking after her, I have to do all the house chores. Please accept my heartiest congratulations now. Yours, Wang Lian,Letter 2 Dear Robert, It was very kind of you to invite me to your Christmas Eve party. I really ought to be there, but as a friend of mine has just arrived from Beijing, I must go and see him. I wont be back on time. I believe I shall miss this great occasion. Yours sincerely, Li Ming.,2.感谢信 感谢信常用语： 1、Thank you ever so much for your warm wishes/ greetings/ compliments. 2、Many thanks for your kind invitation. 3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for . 4、I am truly grateful to you for . 5、It was nice of you to remember my birthday, and even more with such an elegant gift. Please accept my heartiest thanks. 6、You were so kind to send 承蒙好意送来.,7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您 8、I find an ordinary “thank-you“ entirely inadequate to tell you how much.我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地. 9、I deeply/sincerely appreciate your hospitality. 10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for . 我对深表谢意 11、Many thanks for your generous cooperation 谢谢贵方的真诚合作,实例1 亲爱的艾米： 感谢您帮助我申请纽约大学。纽约大学接受了我的申请。如果没有您的帮助，我真不知道如何是好。现在正准备不久去美国。我会努力学习，不让您失望。 您衷心的， 莉莉,范文呈现 Dear Amy, I would like to thank you for the help you gave me in applying for acceptance at the University of New York. I dont know what I should have done without your help. Now I am preparing to leave for America soon. I promise to study hard and not let you down. Your sincerely, Lily,实例2：请以黄华的名义向陶凯写一封感谢信。 内容：对于你在我处于困境的时候所给予的帮助和友好热情款待，谨在此表示忠诚的感谢并告别，我一切事物都已完毕并订好了明天下午两点从长沙飞香港的航班。 时间：2003年12月20日 Words for reference :款待：reception ,Dec. 20,2003 Dear Tao Kai, I am most grateful to your kind and warm reception. Thank you very much for your help when I was in trouble. I have booked a plane ticket leaving Changsha for Hong Kong at two tomorrow afternoon. I have done all my things well . I am writing to say goodbye to you and give my best regards to your wife and your son. Yours ever, Huang Hua,3. 祝贺信（Letter of Congratulation),祝贺信常用语： I am much delighted to hear. As one of yourfriends,I am very proud of you. 欣闻你，我非常高兴。作为你的一位朋友，我为你感到骄傲。 2. With my wholehearted congratulations and best wishes many happy returns of your birthday. 衷心祝你生日快乐！ 3. Accept my heartiest congratulations on the happiest event of your life. 请接受我对你一生中最大的喜事表示由衷的祝贺。,练一练 你刚获悉你的朋友，John Brown, 刚刚建立了自己的广告代理机构（advertising agency)。 请你写一封道贺信， 信中表明你坚信他会取得成功， 并诚挚地希望他在这家新的机构中找到属于自己的幸福和满足。,Dear John, I have learnt that you have just start your own advertising agency. Congratulations! With your brilliant background and long record of fine achievements, Im sure your new agency will be a great success. I sincerely hope that you will find in this new agency the happiness and satisfaction you so richly deserve. Yours truly, Jack Pierce,4. 道歉信(Letter of Regret) 包括以下内容： 1） 在信首表示道歉。 2）对错误进行解释并表明防止错误发生的决心。 3）以乐观，展望前景的语句结尾。,Letter 1 你借了你朋友陈华的一本书到现在才还。你对此表示抱歉，并感谢她借给你这本书。 Letter 2 由于你记错了日期，昨天未能赴约参加朋友宴会。你对此道歉，并希望能另找个时间见见面。,Letter 1 Dear Chen Hua, Im really sorry I didnt return your book sooner. I put it in the bookcase when I returned home and completely forget about it. The book was just lively enough to keep me in good spirit. I appreciate your lending me this interesting book, and I apologize for keeping it so long.,Dear Linlin, This is an apology I feel embarrassed at having to make. I have no excuse for not going to your party yesterday. I was looking forward to the occasion, but somehow I thought it was next week. I feel sorry about it. Please forgive me. Id like to have another meeting with you and I will Call you tomorrow. I wont let you down this time. Yours sincerely, Wangyan,3. 申请信（Application Letter) 留学/ 奖学金申请信（Application for Admittance and Scholarship) 练一练 请你给纽约理工大学写一封留学申请，内容是：你于明年毕业于北京理工大学，希望毕业后能到贵校攻读电器工程硕士学位，请对方寄来简章及申请入学的奖学金的表格。,Admission Office New York University of Technology New York, NY 10003 Dear Sirs, I am graduating from Beijing University of Technology next year. I wish to pursue a bachelor degree in your Electric Engineering. Please send me your catalog and application forms for admission and financial aid. Thank you. Yours sincerely, Wang Lin,商业信函（Business Letters）,1.投诉信 （A Letter of Complaint）,A Letter of Complaint (投诉信) 你新买的电脑出了问题，为此你写信给经理投诉。 You have bought a brand-new computer in a store. But much to your disappointment, it could not be properly operated when you got it back. Write a letter to the manager: 1) giving complaints, 2) describing the problems, 3) and asking for some compensations.,I write this letter to you to make some complaints about the computer I bought in your store yesterday afternoon. There s something wrong with it. That makes me extremely unhappy. The computer cannot be properly shut down when I got it back to the office. When I click the shutdown button, it seems that the machine gives no response. And Im so annoyed with it. Its obvious that you did not carefully examine the machine before you sold it. I think your store should take full responsibility for selling me the defective machine. I insist that you give me a satisfactory reply. I do want you to give back my money as soon as possible. Sincerely yours, Tom,Dear manager,2.求职信（A Letter of Job Application）,A Letter of Job Application 求职信 假如你马上要毕业了，现给一个公司的人力资源经理写一封求职信。 You will graduate from university and are hunting for a job. After reading a job ads, write a letter to the Personnel Resources Department to 1)state your reason to write the application, 2)describe your relevant education background, 3)introduce your English level, and 4)state your way of contact.,Dear Sir/Madam, I am responding to your ad in the newspaper of May 20th, for the position of accountant. (In response to your ad in the newspaper of May 20th, I wish to apply for the position of accountant.) I feel that my background in accounting will fit in well. I will graduate from the Hunan Science & Technology University in June with a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting. My experience in this line of work includes two years as an assistant accountant in the AMT company.,I passed CET-4 in 2006. Not only do I pay much attention to improving my reading and listening skills, but I also keep practicing oral English. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Would you please call me to set an interview? I can be reached at my resume address or by phoningSincerely Yours Li Ming,英语应用文写作,通知 (Announcement),通知(Announcement) 通知一般公布即将发生或已经发生之事，如宣布举行各种比赛，放映电影或录像，举办晚会，召开研讨会等等。通知的格式可按书信或备忘录的形式写出，一般应至少包含以下几部分内容： (1)时间 (2)地点 (3)活动 (4)其他细节,【例一】 ANNOUNCEMENT Lecture on Twentieth century American Literature Speaker: Mr. Robert Woo Time: October 28, 2000 Place: Room 504, Audio Visual Center Mr. Robert Woo, Professor of English language and literature and Director of the Institute for Sino American Studies at Foreign Languages University, specialized in the study of the American literature development. Teachers and students of the English Department are warmly welcome. English Department Office,【例二】 BUS TOUR We are arranging for a bus tour to the Summer Palace on this SATURDAY, 24th September. The bus will depart from the Beijing Hotel shortly after 8:30 a.m. and will return around 6 p.m., in time for dinner at the Hotel. Lunch will be served at Listening to the Orioles Singing Restaurant in the Summer Palace. There will be quick stops at Haidian Free Market and Beijing Zoo on our way back. If you would like to join us, please place your name on the sheet on the Notice Board, or tell Mr.Wang Huaide or Xiao Liu at the front desk, and meet in the lobby at 8:30 a.m., SATURDAY, 24th September. Cordially yours, Hu Wendi, Tour Guide,【例三】 ANNOUNCEMENT Because of the rain the swimming competition will not be held at the New Town Swimming Pool as planned. It will be held at the Jackson Sports Center. Buses will be leaving school at 10 to take you to the Center. Its about a 15-minute ride. You will be returning to school at 3:15 in time to catch your usual buses home. Sports Department Office,英语应用文写作,启事（Notice ),启事（Notice ),启事是一种公告性的应用文。机关、团体或个人如有什么事情向他人公开说明某事或请求帮助，或对群众有什么要求，可把要说的意思简要地写成启事。启事有多种，象寻人启事、寻物启事、征婚启事、开业启事等等。,1、寻物启事 【例一】 遗失启示（LOST) 5月12日本人不慎在操场丢失一件绿色，领口有拉链的茄克衫。拾到者请把茄克衫还给失主克鲁奇。地点九号宿舍楼203房间。,LOST In the playground, May12, a Jacket, green in colour and with a zipper in the collar lost, finder please return it to the owner, Krutch. Room 203, Dormitory 9.,练一练 Write a notice according to the following information. 本人在（宾馆）门厅登记是丢失皮箱一只，可能是哪位拿错了。这是一只小型的棕色箱子，上面有一个标签（上写本人姓名的首字母）。 由于遗失箱子给我带来了极大的不便，如果拾到者致电6847236与我联系，我将感激不尽，自当当面酬谢。 失主 约翰.失密斯 2007年4月8日,参考范文 LOST April8, 2007 I have lost my suitcase in the lobby while I was registering, probably someone took it by mistake. It is a small suitcase, with a label (with my initials on it) attached to it . As its loss is causing me great inconvenience, I should very much appreciate it if the finder can contact me at 6847236， to whom Ill give my thanks in person. Loser John Smith,【例二】 A Notice of Found失物招领启示 你捡到了一个电子词典，为找到失主，请写一个失物招领启示 You have found an electronic dictionary and want to return it to its owner. Write a notice of Lost and Found to clearly state: 1)the time and place of your finding 2)the feature of the dictionary 3)your information for contact,FOUND On the evening of January 4th, 2005, I found an electronic dictionary in the English reading-room on the 3rd floor of the new library in the east district of our university. The electronic dictionary can be generally described as follows. It is brand new and metallic gray in color. Whats more, the portable electronic dictionary is as big as a piece of cake and as thin as a regular magazine. The owner of the electronic dictionary may contact me now. My room phone number and mobile phone number are 8644330 andrespectively. Please make appointment in advance. Sincerely Yours Jack,【例三】招聘启示（hand wanted) 招聘 招聘有经验的酒店接待员 必须精通英语（能通日语者优先）。应征者请将详细履历连同照片寄往锦丹大饭店。 地址：上海民衡路734号 电话：84659023,参考范文 POSITION VACANT Experienced Hotel Receptionists with good knowledge of English (Japanese language as added asset).Application in detail w