（浙江专用）高中英语Unit3ComputersPeriodFourGrammar—ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice练习新人教版.docx

PeriodFourGrammarThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop，I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.5I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.1以上几句中所使用的时态和语态是现在完成时的被动语态。2现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/hasbeen过去分词。现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题：1构成现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/hasbeen过去分词。2各种句式肯定式主语have/hasbeendone.否定式主语have/hasnotbeendone.一般疑问式Have/Has主语beendone.？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词have/has主语beendone.？3.使用的场合(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语sofar，bynow，uptill/tonow，since.，before.等连用。Thousandsofmanmadesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.许多国家已经发射了数千颗人造卫星到太空中。Thedoctorhasntbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请医生。(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong.？”句型中。Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?这台机器使用多久了？More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone.自从这个城市建立了一个新经济开发区以来，这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。4现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建成的。Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.这座桥已经建好了。(2)含有非延续性动词，如：borrow，finish，begin，buy，start，return，marry，open，join等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则须改换动词或时态。这本书买了多长时间了？误Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?正Howlongagowasthisbookbought?但这类动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式，则可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以来，没有人来买书。(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.(5)带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。Wehavegivenhimthebook.Hehasbeengiventhebook.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.(6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来用省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.单句语法填空1Fireextinguishers(灭火器)arelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrained(train) todoso.(2018天津)2Sarahhasbeentold/wastold(tell) thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(2017全国)3Since 1958，they havebeenrecognised(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel.(2017全国)4Inrecentyears，stresshasbeenregarded(regard) asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems.(2016上海)5Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreementhasbeenreached(reach) sofarbythetwosides.(2015天津).用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子1Jacksbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.Jackhasalwaysbeenpraisedbyhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.2Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.Agoodplacehasbeenfoundtobuildatempleinthevillage.3Wehaventyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblemhasntbeendecidedyet.4Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.5Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years.Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillinthelast5years.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents6.havebeenworking(work) inYushuforyears.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?LinTao：Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake7.happened(happen)，manysoldiers8.havebeensent(send) there，andmanykindsofsupplies(物资供应) 9.havebeencarried(carry) therefromalloverthecountry.Now，mostpeoplethere10.live/areliving(live) ahappylifeagain.LiMing：Howabouttheschoolsthere?LinTao：Severalnewschools11.havebeenset(set) upandalsosomeschoolswhich12.weredamaged(damage) intheearthquake13.havebeenrebuilt(rebuild)Soallthestudentscangobacktoschooltostudynow.LiMing：Thatswonderful.Imsuretheirlifewillbebetterandbetter.Whenwillyourparentscomeback?LinTao：Theywillbebacknextmonth.基础巩固.用所给词的正确形式填空1Morethan100famousfilmshavebeenshown(show) inthecitysinceJuly.2Uptonownoconclusion(结论) hasbeenreached(reach) aboutwhothefirstprizeshouldgoto.3Howmanycarshavebeenmade(make) inthefactorysince1990?4Threenewschoolshavebeenopened(open) inourcityinthepastfiveyears.5Itsthefirsttimethattheoldcomputerhasbeenchecked(check) sinceIboughtit.6Greatchangeshavetaken(take) placeinmyhometownandyoucanseethatalotoffactorieshavebeenset(set) up.7WillPetersoncometoourgraduationceremony(毕业典礼)?Itsapity.Hehasbeensent(send) toIndiaasavolunteerteacher.8Itssaidthatthebridgehasbeenclosed(close) forrepairsformonths.完成句子9Theboyshavebeentoldmanytimes(男孩们已经被多次告知) nottoswiminthatlake，butitdoesntmakeanydifference.10WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohasbeenadmittedto/intoFudanUniversity(已经被复旦大学录取) forhistopscoreinthemathscontest.11Withthehelpofhightechnology，moreandmorenewsubstances(物质) havebeendiscovered(已经被发现) inthepastyears.12Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholidayhasnotbeendecided(没有确定) yet.13Though we dont know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic hasbeenchanged(改变了)14Peopleshealthhasbeengreatlyaffected(受到了很大的影响) byair，noiseandwater.能力提升.完形填空Mydaughterhasbeensavingherbirthdaymoneyforalmostninemonths.Shediditsothatshecould15aniPodtouchindependently.Bythismorning，shehadsavedthe16amountneededandheadedtotheAppleStoreinUtahwithmywife.Theyarrivedat1030am，not17thatthestorewouldbeclosedfrom11amto2pmtoday.Asthey18thestore，twofriendlyApple19greetedthemandsaidthattheyweresorry，buttheirstorewouldbeclosed.Mywife20mydaughterwhohadajarfullofcashinherarmsand21whytheywerethere.They22saidtheyweresorry，butcouldnotletthemin.Mywifeanddaughterwere23，butunderstoodandmadetheirwaytoanotherstoreinthemall.Aboutthreestoresdown，oneofthetwomen24themandsaidthatthemanagerwasgoingtomakea(n) 25andletthemin.Whentheywereletinthestore，theywerethe26customersintheplaceandeveryone27whattheyweredoingtoservethem.28shetookallofthecashoutofthejar，acrewmemberstepped29tohelpherandsaid，“Ihavetotellyouthatthismademyday.”After30theiPod，mydaughterandwifewereontheirwayout；thestoremanager31hisvoiceandsaidtohiscrewmembers，“Everyone，pleaseuseyour32togivethegirlaroundofapplauseforsavinghermoneyandbuyinganiPodtoday.”Mydaughterwascaughtalittleoffguardbyallofthe33andwavedgoodbye，andthenleft.TheAppleStoreearneda34foreverbydoingthis.语篇解读作者的女儿用自己攒的钱去买iPod touch，走到苹果商店后却被告知商店暂停营业了。然而，这家专卖店的经理为她破了例，从而永久地赢得了这个顾客。15A.borrowBaffordCfindDsee答案B解析由前句中“savingherbirthdaymoney”可知，作者的女儿想买iPodtouch。16A.totalBequalChugeDsame答案A解析由句中的“headedtotheAppleStore”可知，她攒够了所需要的钱。17A.guessingBdoubtingChopingDknowing答案D解析由“Theyarrivedat1030am”判断，她们并不知道专卖店当天中午11点到下午2点之间不营业。18A.approachedBenteredCleftDcalled答案A解析这里指她们走近商店时。句中的“greetedthem”及后文中的“butcouldnotletthemin”是提示。19A.customersBemployeesCfansDusers答案B解析根据句中的“theirstore”可知，这里指苹果商店的员工。20A.lookedafterBdealtwithCpointedtoDpickedup答案C解析“whohadajarfullofcashinherarms”是解题依据，妈妈指着拿着钱罐的女儿。21A.askedBrecordedCwonderedDexplained答案D解析句中“whytheywerethere”是提示，妈妈向他们解释她们来这里的原因。22A.againBalmostCeverDalso答案A解析前边已经道歉了，此处指再次道歉。23A.calmBhelpfulCsadDforgetful答案C解析“couldnotletthemin”和“butunderstood”是提示，她们很伤心，但是也理解。24A.thoughtofBranafterCtalkedaboutDwaitedfor答案B解析由后半句内容可知，其中一个人追上了她们。25A.differenceBsenseCexceptionDmistake答案C解析由句中的“letthemin”可知，经理破例让她们进去了。exception例外，除外。26A.familiarBonlyCusualDfirst答案B解析因为那个时候不营业，所以她们是唯一的顾客。27.A.showedBimaginedCcompletedDstopped答案D解析“servethem”是解题关键，每个员工都停下来为她们服务。28A.AsBUnlessCUntilDThough答案A解析当她从钱罐里拿钱的时候，一个员工走上前来帮助她。29A.downwardBbackwardCoutwardDforward答案D解析stepforward走上前去。30A.throwingawayBputtingasideCpayingforDturningoff答案C解析由后文中的“ontheirwayout”可知，是“付完款了”。31A.raisedBloweredCfoundDtried答案A解析从后面经理所说的话可知，他提高了嗓音。32A.feetBhandsClegsDeyes答案B解析根据后面的“givethegirlaroundofapplause”可知，这里指伸出手鼓掌。33A.ideasBlisteningCoccasionsDattention答案D解析赢得了这么多注意力，作者的女儿有些措手不及。34A.placeBcustomerCfortuneDliving答案B解析根据语境可推断，这家苹果专卖店从而永久地赢得了这个顾客。.语法填空(2018内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高一期末)Nowahottopic35.(discuss) aboutwhethertheoldcomputersinourschoolshouldbereplaced36.newones.Withtherapid37.(develop) ofscienceandtechnology，thereisnodoubt38.ouroldcomputersaretotallyoutofdate.Theheadmasteraswellastheteachersandstudents39.(be) notsatisfiedwiththeslowworkingspeedofthecomputers.Therefore，allofthemrequesttohavenewcomputerssothattheirproblemscanbesolved40.(success).41.theschoolshouldconsideris42.todealwiththeoldcomputerswisely.Personallyspeaking,43.(throw) themawaytotheplace44.theyareregardedasrubbishisnotagoodidea.语篇解读本文为关于学校旧电脑是否应被新电脑替换的讨论。35答案isbeingdiscussed解析句意为：现在一个关于我们学校的旧电脑是否应该被新电脑替换的热门话题正在被讨论。根据句意可知句子用现在进行时的被动语态，故答案为isbeingdiscussed。36答案by/with解析句意参考上题解析。根据句意可知答案为by/with。replace.with/by.用替换，此处为其被动形式。37答案development解析此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为development。38答案that解析考查固定句式：Thereisnodoubtthat.毫无疑问，故答案为that。39答案is解析句意为：校长和老师、学生对旧电脑缓慢的工作速度不满意。当主语后面与“aswellas名词或代词”连用时，遵循“就远原则”，所以后面的谓语动词与Theheadmaster保持一致，根据句意用一般现在时态，故答案为is。40答案successfully解析此处是副词修饰动词，故答案为successfully。41答案What解析句意为：学校应该考虑的是怎样明智地处理这些旧电脑。此处是what引导的主语从句，且在从句中作宾语故答案为What。42答案how解析句意参考上题解析。howtodealwithsth.怎样处理某物，故答案为how。43答案throwing解析句意为：就我个人而言，把它们扔到被当作垃圾的地方不是个好主意。考查动名词作主语，故答案为throwing。44答案where解析此处theplace为先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。HowcanyoustartaconversationwithanEnglishperson? Theanswerisquitesimple.ManypeoplewilltellyouthatanyEnglishconversationbeginswith“theweather”Suchafixation(固定) withtheweatherfindsexpressioninDrJohnsonsfamouscommentthat“WhentwoEnglishmenmeet，theirfirsttalkisofweather.”ThoughJohnsonsfindingisalmostthesameasitwasovertwohundredyearsago，mostcommentators(评论员) failtocomeupwithaconvincing(令人信服的) explanationforthisEnglishweatherspeak.BillBryson，forexample，concludesthat，astheEnglishweatherisnotexcitingatall，theobsession(痴迷) withitcanhardlybeunderstood.HearguesthatthemostimpressivethingabouttheEnglishweathertoanoutsideristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.Simply，thereasonisthatitdoesntmattertotalkaboutweatherbecauseitissochangeableandunpredictable.JeremyPaxman，however，disagreeswithBryson，arguingthattheEnglishweatherisbynatureattractive.Brysoniswrong，hesays，becausetheEnglishpreferencefort