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外文翻译资料PLC安装须知1引言可编程控制器（PLC）是一种新型的通用自动化控制装置，它将传统的继电器控制技术、计算机技术和通讯技术融为一体，具有控制功能强，可靠性高，使用灵活方便，易于扩展等优点而应用越来越广泛。但在使用时由于工业生产现场的工作环境恶劣，干扰源众多，如大功率用电设备的起动或停止引起电网电压的波动形成低频干扰，电焊机、电火花加工机床、电机的电刷等通过电磁耦合产生的工频干扰等，都会影响PLC的正常工作。尽管PLC是专门在现场使用的控制装置，在设计制造时已采取了很多措施，使它对工业环境比较适应，但是为了确保整个系统稳定可*，还是应当尽量使PLC有良好的工作环境条件， 并采取必要的抗干扰措施。2 PLC在安装和维护时应注意的问题2.1 PLC的安装PLC适用于大多数工业现场，但它对使用场合、环境温度等还是有一定要求。控制PLC的工作环境，可以有效地提高它的工作效率和寿命。在安装PLC时，要避开下列场所：（1） 环境温度超过0 50的范围；（2） 相对湿度超过85%或者存在露水凝聚（由温度突变或其他因素所引起的（3） 太阳光直接照射；（4） 有腐蚀和易燃的气体，例如氯化氢、硫化氢等；（5） 打量铁屑及灰尘；（6） 频繁或连续的振动，振动频率为10 55Hz、幅度为0.5mm（峰-峰）；（7） 超过10g（重力加速度）的冲击。小型可编程控制器外壳的4个角上，均有安装孔。有两种安装方法，一是用螺钉固定，不同的单元有不同的安装尺寸；另一种是DIN（德国共和标准）轨道固定。DIN轨道配套使用的安装夹板，左右各一对。在轨道上，先装好左右夹板，装上PLC，然后拧紧螺钉。为了使控制系统工作可*，通常把可编程控制器安装在有保护外壳的控制柜中，以防止灰尘、油污、水溅。为了保证可编程控制器在工作状态下其温度保持在规定环境温度范围内，安装机器应有足够的通风空间，基本单元和扩展单元之间要有30mm以上间隔。如果周围环境超过55C，要安装电风扇，强迫通风。为了避免其他外围设备的电干扰，可编程控制器应尽可能远离高压电源线和高压设备，可编程控制器与高压设备和电源线之间应留出至少200mm的距离。当可编程控制器垂直安装时，要严防导线头、铁屑等从通风窗掉入可编程控制器内部，造成印刷电路板短路，使其不能正常工作甚至永久损坏。2.2 电源接线PLC供电电源为50Hz、220V10%的交流电。FX系列可编程控制器有直流24V输出接线端。该接线端可为输入传感（如光电开关或接近开关）提供直流24V电源。如果电源发生故障，中断时间少于10ms，PLC工作不受影响。若电源中断超过10ms或电源下降超过允许值，则PLC停止工作，所有的输出点均同时断开。当电源恢复时，若RUN输入接通，则操作自动进行。对于电源线来的干扰，PLC本身具有足够的抵制能力。如果电源干扰特别严重，可以安装一个变比为1:1的隔离变压器，以减少设备与地之间的干扰。2.3 接地良好的接地是保证PLC可靠工作的重要条件，可以避免偶然发生的电压冲击危害。接地线与机器的接地端相接，基本单元接地。如果要用扩展单元，其接地点应与基本单元的接地点接在一起。为了抑制加在电源及输入端、输出端的干扰，应给可编程控制器接上专用地线，接地点应与动力设备（如电机）的接地点分开。若达不到这种要求，也必须做到与其他设备公共接地，禁止与其他设备串联接地。接地点应尽可能*近PLC。2.4 直流24V接线端使用无源触点的输入器件时，PLC内部24V电源通过输入器件向输入端提供每点7mA的电流。PLC上的24V接线端子，还可以向外部传感器（如接近开关或光电开关）提供电流。24V端子作传感器电源时，COM端子是直流24V地端。如果采用扩展船员，则应将基本单元和扩展单元的24V端连接起来。另外，任何外部电源不能接到这个端子。如果发生过载现象，电压将自动跌落，该点输入对可编程控制器不起作用，每种型号的PLC的输入点数量是有规定的。对每一个尚未使用的输入点，它不耗电，因此在这种情况下，24V电源端子向外供电流的能力可以增加。FX系列PLC的空位端子，在任何情况下都不能使用。2.5 输入接线PLC一般接受行程开关、限位开关等输入的开关量信号。输入接线端子是PLC与外部传感器负载转换信号的端口。输入接线，一般指外部传感器与输入端口的接线。输入器件可以是任何无源的触点或集电极开路的NPN管。输入器件接通时，输入端接通，输入线路闭合，同时输入指示的发光二极管亮。输入端的一次电路与二次电路之间，采用光电耦合隔离。二次电路带RC滤波器，以防止由于输入触点抖动或从输入线路串入的电噪声引起PLC误动作。若在输入触点电路串联二极管，在串联二极管上的电压应小于4V。若使用带发光二极管的舌簧开关，串联二极管的数目不能超过两只。另外，输入接线还应特别注意以下几点：（1） 输入接线一般不要超过30m。但如果环境干扰较小，电压降不大时，输入接线可适当长些。（2） 输入、输出线不能用同一根电缆，输入、输出线要分开。（3） 可编程控制器所能接受的脉冲信号的宽度，应大于扫描周期的时间2.6 输出接线（1） 可编程控制器有继电器输出、晶闸管输出、晶体管输出3种形式。（2） 输出端接线分为独立输出和公共输出。当PLC的输出继电器或晶闸管动作时，同一号码的两个输出端接通。在不同组中，可采用不同类型和电压等级的输出电压。但在同一组中的输出只能用同一类型、同一电压等级的电源。（3） 由于PLC的输出元件被封装在印制电路板上，并且连接至端子板，若将连接输出元件的负载短路，将烧毁印制电路板，因此，应用熔丝保护输出元件。（4） 采用继电器输出时，承受的电感性负载大小影响到继电器的工作寿命，因此继电器工作寿命要求长。（5） PLC的输出负载可能产生噪声干扰，因此要采取措施加以控制。此外，对于能使用户造成伤害的危险负载，除了在控制程序中加以考虑之外，还应设计外部紧急停车电路，使得可编程控制器发生故障时，能将引起伤害的负载电源切断。交流输出线和直流输出线不要用同一本电缆，输出线应尽量远离高压线和动力线，避免并行。3 结语PLC以其显著的优点而广泛用于工业控制，其实际应用涉及的问题很多，本文只是就其现场安装和维护问题提出了一些注意事项，供从事PLC设计及应用人员参考。5外文翻译资料The PLC gearing beard knowsPLC安装须知One preface1引言The programmable controller(PLC) is a kind of new in general use automation control to equip, it traditional of melt after the electric appliances control technique,the calculator technique and the communication technique可编程控制器（PLC）是一种新型的通用自动化控制装置，它将传统的继电器控制技术、计算机技术和通讯技术融为一体Have the control function for the integral whole strong, can*sex is high, using vivid convenience, being easy to expand etc. advantage but apply more and more extensively.But while use because the industry livingProduce the work environment of the spot bad, the interference source is numerous, using an electricity an equipments to start or stopping the motion of cause the charged barbed wire net electric voltage formation low frequency interference such as the big power, electric welding具有控制功能强，可靠性高，使用灵活方便，易于扩展等优点而应用越来越广泛。但在使用时由于工业生产现场的工作环境恶劣，干扰源众多The machine,the electricity spark processes the electricity of the tool machine,electrical engineering brush etc. passes the electromagnetism match the output work interference etc., would influence a PLC normal work.如大功率用电设备的起动或停止引起电网电压的波动形成低频干扰，电焊机、电火花加工机床、电机的电刷等通过电磁耦合产生的工频干扰等，都会影响PLC的正常工作Though the PLC is the control that uses exclusively and on the spot to equip, having already adopted much measure while design manufacturing, making it compare an orientation to the industrial environment, but for the sake of indeed尽管PLC是专门在现场使用的控制装置，在设计制造时已采取了很多措施，使它对工业环境比较适应Protect the whole system stability can*, still should make the PLC have a good work environment condition as far as possible, and adopt the anti- interference measure of the necessity. 但是为了确保整个系统稳定可*，还是应当尽量使PLC有良好的工作环境条件， 并采取必要的抗干扰措施2 PLC while installing with the maintenance should notice of problem2 PLC在安装和维护时应注意的问题2.1 PLC gearing2.1 PLC的安装The PLC is applicable to mostly industrial spot, but it still has a certain request to the usage situation,the environment temperature.etc.Control a PLC work environment, can raise availablyIts work efficiency and the life span.Avert from while install PLC following place:PLC适用于大多数工业现场，但它对使用场合、环境温度等还是有一定要求。控制PLC的工作环境，可以有效地提高它的工作效率和寿命。在安装PLC时，要避开下列场所：(1) The environment temperature more than 050 scope of the s;(2) Relative humidity more than 85% exists dew to coagulate perhaps;(from what the temperature mutation or other factors cause)(3) The sun light projects light upon directly;(4) Decay and combustible air, for example hydrogen chloride,hydrogen sulfide.etc.;(5) Conjectured the iron scraps and dust;(6) Multifarious or continuous vibration, the vibration frequency is a 1055 Hzs,range is a 0.5 mms();(7) Over the impact with 10 gs(the gravity acceleration).（1）环境温度超过0 50的范围；（2）相对湿度超过85%或者存在露水凝聚（由温度突变或其他因素所引起的（3）太阳光直接照射；（4）有腐蚀和易燃的气体，例如氯化氢、硫化氢等；（5）打量铁屑及灰尘；（6）频繁或连续的振动，振动频率为10 55Hz、幅度为0.5mm（峰-峰）；（7）超过10g（重力加速度）的冲击。All have already installed bore on 4 Capes of the small scaled and programmable controller outer shell.There are two kinds of gearing methods, one is fix with the bolt, the different unit has a different gearing Chinese foot Inch;Another a kind of is the DIN(German republican standard) orbit to fix.The gearing clipboard of the DIN orbit kit usage, or so one rightness for each.On the orbit pack first very or so Clipboard, pack up the PLC, then tight bolt.For the sake of making the control system work can*, usually install programmable controller in have the control cabinet of protect the outer shell, with Keep dust,greasy dirt,water from splash.For promising programmable controller Be work the appearance descend its temperature to keep in the provision the environment temperature scope, install the machine should have foot Sufficient well ventilated space, the basic unit has to have the 30 mms above partition with expanding of the unit.If the surroundings environment over 55 Cs, install electric fan, force airiness.小型可编程控制器外壳的4个角上，均有安装孔。有两种安装方法，一是用螺钉固定，不同的单元有不同的安装尺寸；另一种是DIN（德国共和标准）轨道固定。DIN轨道配套使用的安装夹板，左右各一对。在轨道上，先装好左右夹板，装上PLC，然后拧紧螺钉。为了使控制系统工作可*，通常把可编程控制器安装在有保护外壳的控制柜中，以防止灰尘、油污、水溅。为了保证可编程控制器在工作状态下其温度保持在规定环境温度范围内，安装机器应有足够的通风空间，基本单元和扩展单元之间要有30mm以上间隔。如果周围环境超过55C，要安装电风扇，强迫通风。The electricity interference of the other peripherals in order not to, the programmable controller should keep off the high voltage line and the high pressure equipments, programmable controller and the high pressure equipmentses possibly with Of the power cable distance that should stay at least a 200 mms.When the programmable controller perpendicularity install, take strict precautions against to lead line head,the iron scraps.etc. to drop to go into programmable controller inner part from the well ventilated window, make PC board short-circuit, make it Cant work normally to even damage permanently.为了避免其他外围设备的电干扰，可编程控制器应尽可能远离高压电源线和高压设备，可编程控制器与高压设备和电源线之间应留出至少200mm的距离。当可编程控制器垂直安装时，要严防导线头、铁屑等从通风窗掉入可编程控制器内部，造成印刷电路板短路，使其不能正常工作甚至永久损坏2.2 The power supply connects line2.2 电源接线The PLC power supply power supply is a 50 Hzs,the 220 V is 10% alternate currents.PLC供电电源为50Hz、220V10%的交流电。The FX series the programmable controller have the direct current 24 V exportation to connect line to carry.Should connect line to carry can spread feeling(if the light electricity switch or near to a switch) to provide the direct current 24 V power supply for the importation.FX系列可编程控制器有直流24V输出接线端。该接线端可为输入传感（如光电开关或接近开关）提供直流24V电源。If the power supply occurrence break down, break off time little in 10 mses, PLC work uninfluenced.If the power supply break off to descend to exceed to allow a value over the 10 mses or the power supply, the PLC then stops Work, all exportations order all to break to open in the meantime.When the power supply recover, if the RUN importation connect, then operating an au to carry on.如果电源发生故障，中断时间少于10ms，PLC工作不受影响。若电源中断超过10ms或电源下降超过允许值，则PLC停止工作，所有的输出点均同时断开。当电源恢复时，若RUN输入接通，则操作自动进行。Interference come to the power cable, the PLC has to boycott an ability enough.If the power supply interference is specially serious, can install 1 change to compare to 1:1 of the insulation change to press Machine with reduce the interference of of the equipments and ground.对于电源线来的干扰，PLC本身具有足够的抵制能力。如果电源干扰特别严重，可以安装一个变比为1:1的隔离变压器，以减少设备与地之间的干扰。2.3 Connect ground2.3 接地Connecting ground goodly is to promise PLC can*the important condition of the work, can avoid the electric voltage of the accidental occurrence pounding at bane.Connect a ground of line and machine connects ground to carry to connect, basic The unit connects ground.If want to use to expand unit, its connecting a location should connect a location with basic unit to connect together.For repressing to impose the power supply and importation to carry,output something to carry Interference, should mount the appropriation ground line for programmable controller, connect the location should connect a location with the motive equipments(such as electrical engineering) to separate.If could not reach this kind of request, also necessarily The beard attain is public with other equipmentses to connect ground, forbid to establish with other equipmentses to connect ground.Connect the location should possibly*near PLC.良好的接地是保证PLC可靠工作的重要条件，可以避免偶然发生的电压冲击危害。接地线与机器的接地端相接，基本单元接地。如果要用扩展单元，其接地点应与基本单元的接地点接在一起。为了抑制加在电源及输入端、输出端的干扰，应给可编程控制器接上专用地线，接地点应与动力设备（如电机）的接地点分开。若达不到这种要求，也必须做到与其他设备公共接地，禁止与其他设备串联接地。接地点应尽可能*近PLC。2.4 The direct current 24 Vs connects line to carry2.4 直流24V接线端When usage had no importation spare part that the source touches to order, the PLC internal 24 V power supply passes the electric current that the importation spare part carries to provide to order a 7 mAs each time toward the importation.使用无源触点的输入器件时，PLC内部24V电源通过输入器件向输入端提供每点7mA的电流。The PLC 24 Vs connects line to carry son, can also outwardly the department spread the feeling machine(if near to the switch or the light electricity switch) to provide electric current.When 24 Vs carried son to make to spread the feeling machine power supply, the COM carry Son is the direct current 24 V ground carry.If the adoption expands seaman, then should basic unit with expand the 24 Vs of the unit to carry to link.Moreover, any exterior power supply cant connect Arrive this carries son.PLC上的24V接线端子，还可以向外部传感器（如接近开关或光电开关）提供电流。24V端子作传感器电源时，COM端子是直流24V地端。如果采用扩展船员，则应将基本单元和扩展单元的24V端连接起来。另外，任何外部电源不能接到这个端子。If took place to carry phenomenon, the electric voltage will drop into automatically, that importation has no effect to the programmable controller.如果发生过载现象，电压将自动跌落，该点输入对可编程控制器不起作用Each the importation amount of point of PLC of model number is to have provision of.Order to each importation that havent yet use, it doesnt consume an electricity, so in this kind of case, the 24 V power supply carry Son outwardly the power supply flow of the ability can increase.每种型号的PLC的输入点数量是有规定的。对每一个尚未使用的输入点，它不耗电，因此在这种情况下，24V电源端子向外供电流的能力可以增加The empty of the FX series PLC carries son, cant use under all circumstances.FX系列PLC的空位端子，在任何情况下都不能使用。2.5 The importation connects line2.5 输入接线The PLC accepts a route of travel switch generally,the limit switch etc. the switch of the importation quantity signal.Importations connecting line to carry son is the port that the PLC and exterior spread the feeling machine load conversion signal.Lose Go in to connect line, general the exterior spread the feeling machine and input a port to connect line.PLC一般接受行程开关、限位开关等输入的开关量信号。输入接线端子是PLC与外部传感器负载转换信号的端口。输入接线，一般指外部传感器与输入端口的接线。Input the spare part can be any NPN tube that have no source to touch to order or gather electrode to open a new road.Input When the spare part connect, input to carry to connect, input circuit to shut to match, input in the meantime输入器件可以是任何无源的触点或集电极开路的NPN管。输入器件接通时，输入端接通，输入线路闭合，同时输入指示的发光二极管亮。The give out light of designation diode is bright.An electric circuit that the importation carry with of two electric circuits, the adoption light electricity matches insulation.Two electric circuits take the RC filter, in order to prevent touch to order to tremble to move because of the importation or from the importationThe circuit string the electricity voice for go into cause PLC mistake action.输入端的一次电路与二次电路之间，采用光电耦合隔离。二次电路带RC滤波器，以防止由于输入触点抖动或从输入线路串入的电噪声引起PLC误动作。If Be inputting to touch some electric circuit to establish diode, should be small at establishing the electric voltage of the diode in the 4 Vs.If use to take the tongue switch of give out light the diode, establish diode Number cant more than twos. Moreover, importations connecting line should also notice specially the following what time:若在输入触点电路串联二极管，在串联二极管上的电压应小于4V。若使用带发光二极管的舌簧开关，串联二极管的数目不能超过两只。另外，输入接线还应特别注意以下几点：(1) The importation connects line and want generally over the 30 ms.But if the environment interference is smaller, when the electric voltage doesnt greatly decline, the importation connects line appropriate grow some.(2) Importation,output line and cant use the same root of electric cable, input,output line to want separate.(3) The width of the pulse signal that the programmable controller can accept, should be big in scan time of the period.（1） 输入接线一般不要超过30m。但如果环境干扰较小，电压降不大时，输入接线可适当长些。（2） 输入、输出线不能用同一根电缆，输入、输出线要分开。（30 可编程控制器所能接受的脉冲信号的宽度，应大于扫描周期的时间2.6 The exportation connects line2.6 输出接线(1) The programmable controller outputted after the electric appliances,the tube output,the transistor output 3 kinds of forms.(2) The exportation carries to connect line to is divided into independence to output with the public exportation.When the PLC exportation acts after the electric appliances or the tube, same two exportations of number carry to connect.At Can adopt the exportation electric voltage of different type and the electric voltage grade in the different set.But can use same type at same exportation in the set,same power supply of electric voltage grade.(3) Because the PLC exportation component is seal to pack in printing to make circuit board, and links to carry the son plank, if output conjunction the load short circuit of the component, will destroy by fire to print to make Circuit board, therefore apply the fuse protection to output a component.(4) Adoption after When the electric appliances output, bear of the electricity sensitive facul