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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 印刷标记对准机构 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923023学生姓名： 董译文 指导教师： 唐正宁 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 印刷标记对准机构 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923023 学生姓名： 董译文 指导教师： 唐正宁（职称：副教授） （职称： ）2012年11月20日 课题来源课题来源于轻工机械厂生产咖啡粉，为包装咖啡粉设计一台咖啡粉枕式包装机。为保证封袋的外观总体质量和包装密封要求、提高生产效率，设计一台枕式包装机。分析包装过程各动作的先后顺序和各动作之间的相互关系，依照咖啡粉包装袋的包装要，确定咖啡粉包装机设计配置型式及结构方案。本课题主要进行包装机的设计。包装机械是指能完成全部或部分产品和商品包装过程的机械。包装过程包括充填、裹包、封口等主要工序，以及与其相关的前后工序，如清洗、堆码和拆卸等。此外，包装还包括计量或在包装件上盖印等工序。使用机械包装产品可提高生产率，减轻劳动强度，适应大规模生产的需要，并满足清洁卫生的要求。 目前我国大多数据技术较为先进的包装机械的研发还处在仿制阶级，独立开发的能力还十分有限。为此，不少国外大企业将自己的技术和部件引入中国，在本土加工,从而降低了成本，与本土产品展开了激烈的竞争。包装链高度自动化的大部分包装工作，特别是较复杂的包装物品的排列、装配等工作基本上是人工操作，难以保证包装的统一和稳定，可能造成对被包装产品的污染。因此，提高整个包装链的自动化水平和质量水平，是非常重要的。真正的现代化包装机械的每个机械手均应由电脑控制，并具有对材质及厚度的高分辨能力。业内人士认为，未来包装业将配合产业自动化趋势，在技术发展上朝着机械功能多元化，结构设计标准化、模组化，控制智能化，结构高精度化等几个方向发展。机械功能多元化已趋向精致化和多元化方向发展，单品种大批量的产品越来越少，而多品种小批量的产品日益成为主流。在大环境的变化趋势下，多元化、具有多种切换功能，能适应多种包材和模具更换的包装机才能够适应市场的需求。例如，在一台泡罩包装机上既能进行“铝塑”包装又能进行“铝铝”包装，且要求切换简单，所需更换的模具少。而目前，更换模具的时间一般在12个小时，如此长的时间无法适应多品种小批量的生产要求。结构设计标准模块化对于传统的工业设计来说，如果想要推出一个新机型，需要进行大量繁重的工作，还要靠新设备收回高昂的设计成本，从而拉高了新机型的价格。未来的设计应采用标准化、模块化的设计理念，能够充分利用原有机型的模块化设计，可以在短时间内将之转换成新机型，把新机型的价格控制在比较合理的范围内。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义枕式包装机是用于包装产品，使产品增长其保质期，增加产品美观度的一种机械本包装机是针对固型物的包装而设计的，适合于包装各类固态有规则的物体，如食品类的饼干、面包、月饼、糖果等，以及日用品、工业零件等，对于散状物或个体分离的物体，则须将被包物先置于盒内，或将之绑束成一体，使之形成一个整体后，才可在本机上包装，至于其它非固态的被包物亦须准此要领。随着我国经济的日益发展壮大，包装工业也以年均18%的速度快速发展，但与发达国家相比，无论在产品品种、技术水平和产品质量方面都有很大差距。在我国包装工业快速发展的进程中，大量技术含量高的成套设备仍依靠进口。我国包装机械对国外高端技术的过度依赖已成为严重制约我国包装工业持续、稳定发展的隐忧。鉴于以上原因，且包装行业又属于配套行业，涉及国民经济的许多领域（2）JPEG压缩的研究状况及其发展前景。（2）应用前景 本课题紧密结合生产实际的课题，对学生了解和掌握包装机提高工程设计和解决实际问题的能力具有很重要的意义 。 通过设计这台机器，可以让学生掌握相关的知识及技能，传授给学生整体的设计方法、设计理念，对提高学生的综合分析问题和解决问题的能力及社会竞争力有积极的作用。研究内容设计一种用于咖啡粉包装机，原理方案的功能实现，总体方案的设计，结构形式，结构参数，工作参数的设计要求如下：1. 阅读外文资料，翻译与所学专业或课题相关的外文文献5000字左右，语句通顺、流畅、准确；2了解印刷色标对准机构的工作原理3根据加工产品具体结构和加工要求，拟定分析设备设计方案4绘制 整套零件图，装配图，各零件的精度配合6. 撰写论文，要求符合本科论文的格式要求，语言简洁、流畅、层次分明。上机时数不少于200小时，整个毕业设计过程的技术工作要严谨、灵活、工作要有主动性，计算方法、计算的程序、计算结果、结论要正确。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析本课题是咖啡粉枕式包装机及其计量装置的设计，需要解决的问题主要有:根据包装袋的形状、尺寸、袋内咖啡的体积、封边方式的要求完成包装袋封口位置、装料位置及计量装置形式的选择；卷筒、光电检测器、成形器、牵引棍、纵封棍等部件先后位置的确定;横封头及加料装置的设计;不等速机构、无级变速机构的设计及位置布置;差动机构的设计;误差补偿机构对各个部分误差进行补偿。实验方案 分析封袋的封装要求以及封袋总体尺寸确定包装的总体工艺方案。包装过程：片状包装纸由卷筒引出，经光电检测器再由成形器成形和牵引辊，纵封辊制成包装。已充填包装物的包装袋上下整形输出，经输送带送到横封头横封并切断排出成品。传动部分是：主电机将运动传入横封传动轴，再经不等速机构带动横封头传动，不等速机构是用来调整横封头的封切瞬时速度，使之与包装袋移动速度同步的。调节无级变速差动机构可以得到所需袋长。工艺方案确定后，根据封袋的大小及咖啡的多少来确定各个部分的尺寸，保证各个部件之间工作连续可靠，包装机总体结构的紧凑，本装置用容积计量装置对粉式装料咖啡进行计量。为保证封袋两侧大小相等，故在机构中有成形器和牵引棍。为保证包装纸的运动速度与横封速度的同步，故用光电传感器对其进行检测并用超越电机动作使之运动或制动停止达到对速度误差进行补偿的目的。为了避免包装过程中得到的袋长误差，故有调节无级变速差动机构可以对得到的袋长加以调整。所设计的设备应能满足咖啡粉包装要求，保证包装膜对正，便于调整，结构简单、运转平稳，工作可靠，便于维修。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2009年10月12日-2009年12月25日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2010年1月11日-2010年3月5日：填写毕业实习报告。2010年3月8日-2010年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2010年3月15日-2010年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2010年3月22日-2010年4月11日：图纸设计。2010年4月12日-2010年4月25日：计算设计。2010年4月26日-2010年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：明确对准机构预期达到的性能指标和工作路线。总体方案的设计，可行性的分析。对准机构的初步设计，总体结构的设计，各部件的参数设计。分析验证,优化设计。完成二维图和三维图的绘制。完成三维总装图的动态展示。完成设计说明书。特色或创新之处本课题是经过对包装要求和条件的分析，选择型号为Y802-4的电机，选择了v带和蜗杆蜗轮机构作为减速机构，运用了齿轮传动和同步带传动并且对齿轮、轴、带轮、蜗杆蜗轮进行了设计校核，所设计的包装机横封、竖封、走带都是用凸轮机构，主要针对用塑料袋包装的食品。其计量装置采用容积计量主要是针对咖啡粉一类粉状食品设计的。计量用的量杯可以根据包装食品体积的不同做相应大小的内径。料盘采用回转式圆盘，四周均匀分布四个量杯，其回转一周可以完成四个计量动作。横向封切装置采用了结构简单的凸轮机构，能够快速的完成一个行程，为保证封袋两侧大小相等，故在机构中有成形器和牵引棍。为保证包装纸的运动速度与横封速度的同步，故用光电传感器对其进行检测并用超越电机动作使之运动或制动停止达到对速度误差进行补偿的目的。为了避免包装过程中得到的袋长误差，故有调节无级变速差动机构可以对得到的袋长加以调整，从而提高了封切效率。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题1.进行执行机构方案的设计与分析和各执行机构协调关系的处理；2.成型器.横封.纵封.切断等机构的设计；3.具体零件图、装配图的绘制。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：2012年 11 月 30日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Packing machinery developmentOur country packs the mechanical profession start in the 20th century 70s, and the 90s intermediate stages obtains the rapid development in the end of the 80s. Has become in the mechanical industry one of 10 big professions, regardless of is the output, in the variety, has all obtained the amazing achievement, packed the industry for our country the fast development to provide the powerful safeguard. At present, our country has become the world packing mechanical industrial production and expends one of great nations.Current our country food and a packing machinery prominent question is the new product development cycle long, imitates much, innovates few, not only this with designs personnels state-of-art related, also concerns with the correlation profession development. The international advanced method utilizes the simulation technology, by the computer automatic synthesis three-dimensional model, will pass has occurred production line breakdown data feeds the computer, then will demonstrate the actual operating mode, according to will need to carry on the revision in front of the user, finally will consummate. The packing machinery took one product, its meaning is not merely the product itself material significance, but is includes the form product, the stealth product and extends the product 3 meanings. The form product is refers to packaging machine itself the concrete shape and the basic function; The stealth product is refers to the packaging machine the actual utility which provides to the user; Extends the product is refers to the packaging machine the quality assurance, the use instruction and the post-sale service and so on. Therefore the packaging machine design should include: Market investigation and study, schematic diagram design, structural design, construction drawing design, instruction for use compilation and post-sale service predetermined plan and so on. The new packing machinery often is machine, the electricity, the gas integration equipment. The full use information product newest achievement, uses air operated separation transmission technologies and so on implementing agency, servo motor-driven, may cause the complete machine the transmission chain to reduce greatly, the structure is greatly the simplification, the work precision and the speed enhances greatly. One of key technologies has used the multi-electrical machinery dragging synchronization control technology. Actually grasps this kind of technology not very difficultly, only is some designs the personnel not to understand the packing machinery this trend of development. If beforehand our country packs the machine design is the imitation, the study stage, then we should have the innovation design consciousness now. The product design is the plan for the product and its components and subassemblies. To convert the product design into a physical entity, a manufacturing plan is needed. The activity of developing such a plan is called process planning. It is the link between product design and manufacturing. Process planning involves determining the sequence of processing and assembly steps that must be accomplished to make the product. In the present chapter, we examine processing planning and several related topics.Process PlanningProcess planning involves determining the most appropriate manufacturing and assembly processes and the sequence in which they should be accomplished to produce a given part or product according to specifications set forth in the product design documentation. The scope and variety of processes that can be planned are generally limited by the available processing equipment and technological capabilities of the company of plant. Parts that cannot be made internally must be purchased from outside vendors. It should be mentioned that the choice of processes is also limited by the details of the product design. This is a point we will return to later.Process planning is usually accomplished by manufacturing engineers. The process planner must be familiar with the particular manufacturing processes available in the factory and be able to interpret engineering drawings. Based on the planners knowledge, skill, and experience, the processing steps are developed in the most logical sequence to make each part. Following is a list of the many decisions and details usually include within the scope of process planning.Interpretation of design drawings. The part of product design must be analyzed (materials, dimensions, tolerances, surface finished, etc.) at the start of the process planning procedure.Process and sequence. The process planner must select which processes are required and their sequence. A brief description of processing steps must be prepared.Equipment selection. In general, process planners must develop plans that utilize existing equipment in the plant. Otherwise, the component must be purchased, or an investment must be made in new equipment.Tools, dies, molds, fixtures, and gages. The process must decide what tooling is required for each processing step. The actual design and fabrication of these tools is usually delegated to a tool design department and tool room, or an outside vendor specializing in that type of tool is contacted.Methods analysis. Workplace layout, small tools, hoists for lifting heavy parts, even in some cases hand and body motions must be specified for manual operations. The industrial engineering department is usually responsible for this area.Work standards. Work measurement techniques are used to set time standards for each operation.Cutting tools and cutting conditions. These must be specified for machining operations, often with reference to standard handbook recommendations.Process planning for partsFor individual parts, the processing sequence is documented on a form called a route sheet. Just as engineering drawings are used to specify the product design, route sheets are used to specify the process plan. They are counterparts, one for product design, the other for manufacturing.A typical processing sequence to fabricate an individual part consists of: (1) a basic process, (2) secondary processes, (3) operations to enhance physical properties, and (4) finishing operations. A basic process determines the starting geometry of the work parts. Metal casting, plastic molding, and rolling of sheet metal are examples of basic processes. The starting geometry must often be refined by secondary processes, operations that transform the starting geometry (or close to final geometry). The secondary geometry processes that might be used are closely correlated to the basic process that provides the starting geometry. When sand casting is the basic processes, machining operations are generally the second processes. When a rolling mill produces sheet metal, stamping operations such as punching and bending are the secondary processes. When plastic injection molding is the basic process, secondary operations are often unnecessary, because most of the geometric features that would otherwise require machining can be created by the molding operation. Plastic molding and other operation that require no subsequent secondary processing are called net shape processes. Operations that require some but not much secondary processing (usually machining) are referred to as near net shape processes. Some impression die forgings are in this category. These parts can often be shaped in the forging operation (basic processes) so that minimal machining (secondary processing) is required.Once the geometry has been established, the next step for some parts is to improve their mechanical and physical properties. Operations to enhance properties do not alter the geometry of the part; instead, they alter physical properties. Heat treating operations on metal parts are the most common examples. Similar heating treatments are performed on glass to produce tempered glass. For most manufactured parts, these property-enhancing operations are not required in the processing sequence.Finally finish operations usually provide a coat on the work parts (or assembly) surface. Examples included electroplating, thin film deposition techniques, and painting. The purpose of the coating is to enhance appearance, change color, or protect the surface from corrosion, abrasion, and so forth. Finishing operations are not required on many parts; for example, plastic molding rarely require finishing. When is required, it is usually the final step in the processing sequence.Processing Planning for AssembliesThe type of assembly method used for a given product depends on factors such as: (1) the anticipated production quantities; (2) complexity of the assembled product, for example, the number of distinct components; and (3) assembly processes used, for example, mechanical assembly versus welding. For a product that is to be made in relatively small quantities, assembly is usually performed on manual assembly lines. For simple products of a dozen or so components, to be made in large quantities, automated assembly systems are appropriate. In any case, there is a precedence order in which the work must be accomplished. The precedence requirements are sometimes portrayed graphically on a precedence diagram.Process planning for assembly involves development of assembly instructions, but in more detail .For low production quantities, the entire assembly is completed at a single station. For high production on an assembly line, process planning consists of allocating work elements to the individual stations of the line, a procedure called line balancing. The assembly line routes the work unit to individual stations in the proper order as determined by the line balance solution. As in process planning for individual components, any tools and fixtures required to accomplish an assembly task must be determined, designed, built, and the workstation arrangement must be laid out.Make or Buy DecisionAn important question that arises in process planning is whether a given part should be produced in the companys own factory or purchased from an outside vendor, and the answer to this question is known as the make or buy decision. If the company does not possess the technological equipment or expertise in the particular manufacturing processes required to make the part, then the answer is obvious: The part must be purchased because there is no internal alternative. However, in many cases, the part could either be made internally using existing equipment, or it could be purchased externally from a vendor that process similar manufacturing capability.In our discussion of the make or buy decision, it should be recognized at the outset that nearly all manufactures buy their raw materials from supplies. A machine shop purchases its starting bar stock from a metals distributor and its sand castings from a foundry. A plastic molding plant buys its molding compound from a chemical company. A stamping press factory purchases sheet metal either fro a distributor or direct from a rolling mill. Very few companies are vertically integrated in their production operations all the way from raw materials, it seems reasonable to consider purchasing at least some of the parts that would otherwise be produced in its own plant. It is probably appropriate to ask the make or buy question for every component that is used by the company.There are a number of factors that enter into the make or buy decision. One would think that cost is the most important factor in determining whether to produce the part or purchase it. If an outside vendor is more proficient than the companys own plant in the manufacturing processes used to make the part, then the internal production cost is likely to be greater than the purchase price even after the vendor has included a profit. However, if the decision to purchase results in idle equipment and labor in the companys own plant, then the apparent advantage of purchasing the part may be lost. Consider the following example make or Buy Decision. “十五” period, our country packs the mechanical industrial development to be rapid, in recent years imports the equipment all is domestic cannot make or the manufacture level is far from, may see our disparity from the import to be at. Food security problem whole nation attention. “十一五” period should enhance food security domain the science and technology and the equipment level, the development fast, in accurate appraisal food harms the factor the technology and the equipment, further researches and develops the pathogenic microorganism resistance, cause of disease prevention technologies and the preserve technology and the equipment and so on control. Food and the packing machinery form the profession already for 20 years, is opposite in food packing, a new profession. This 20 years also are the world technological development quickest times, the new technology applies unceasingly in the profession, but the domestic profession foundation is weak, technical and the scientific research lack of strength, its development relative lag, has towed food and the packing industry hind leg to a certain extent. Although overall development quick, but food packing mechanical industrial development is quicker.the goal is must reduce this space, catches up with the world advanced level for the food industry, for causes the packing great nation to make great strides forward to the packing powerful nation, provides the advanced technical equip, lets import the equipment the role which only plays in the domestic market appropriates lost articles fills a vacancy. This request domestic food and the packing machinery year development speed surpasses 18%, the new product output value rate achieves 25%. On the international packing and food machinery development is take the big customer request as the goal, the impetus correlation machinery development. The big customer request mainly manifests in the below aspect: One, is higher well to the production efficiency request. This may reduce the product the cost, satisfies the date of delivery. The high speed packaging machine request must have the correlation engagement with the first working procedure, does not have to transport the link, including the control engagement, the entire production line must achieve the inverted order according to the production and the packing working procedure arrangement to start, smooth engine off. If Leng Guanzhuang the production line makes something a matter of political line automatically from the plastic raw material to the drink fills installs, the big packing piles buttress completely automatically in seals up in the workshop to carry on. Two, may adapt the product renewal change. The packing machinery must have the very high flexibility and the flexibility, the production line permission the packing material size may change in certain size scope. Because product life cycle far short in useful life of equipment, change product and packing not as for replacement expensive packing production line. Three is the equipment common breakdown rapid elimination. The solution inputs the computer in advance, when the equipment appears the common breakdown may diagnose voluntarily, also may implement the long-distance diagnosis to eliminate the breakdown abreast in row. Four, the request has the automatic diagnosis function. On the one hand may automatic diagnosis packing material thickness, degree of hardness, the counter-tension and so on, feed back through the computer to the manipulator adjusts the movement scope, does not guarantee the resilience. On the other hand, each different product, like shape each different chocolate or the dessert and so on, install to the identical box in, its arrangement is orderly. The production line transmits the product is a disorder, the available probe head scanning, determined the different shape the material position, feeds back again to the different manipulator, it can accurately unmistakably puts in the goods according to the accurate position and the direction in the tray, moreover, removes the manual control quickly the vision and finger weariness. Five, may reduce the environmental pollution as far as possible. The reduction including the noise, the dust pollution, and reduces the reject as far as possible, this point especially is important in the food processing process. Food raw material when processing not only harvests the main product, like corn processing, product besides corn starch, but also has the corn oil, the salad oil, the margarine, the glucose, the corn protein and the feed, as well as the sewage treatment and so on produces the entire process, is the automation. Does not have the reject, not to pollute, other product value has surpassed the corn starch greatly the value.Along with the science and technology development and the market competition aggravating, the customer demand more and more is also high. This kind of demand manifests in following several aspects: One, enhances the production efficiency, satisfies the date of delivery and reduces the production cost the need, to some products, but also requests the packing machinery and the production machinery links up; Two, is meets the product renewal change need, the packing machinery must have the high flexibility and the flexibility; Three is when the equipment appears the breakdown, the request can carry on the long-distance diagnosis service; Four, favors the environmental protection, the noise, the dust and the reject are few; Five is the equipment purchase investment are as far as possible few, the price must be as far as possible low. Therefore, must certainly in the market investigation and study foundation, the full understanding, analyze the user earnestly the demand, the definite packaging machine should complete the function and each technical specification, draw up the preliminary principle design proposal.The modern packaging machine design process should include: The market investigation and study, the user demand analysis, the packaging machine function determination, the feasible proof, the formulation design proposal, the user benefit analysis, the plan feasible proof, the schematic diagram design, the structural design, the construction drawing design, the prototypical manufacture (hypothesized manufacture), the technical confirmation and the construction drawing revise, the formulation post-sale service predetermined plan and the long-distance diagnosis plan, the improvement design, the serialized design and so on. .The market investigation and study is the foundation work which all packaging machines design. Without the market investigation and study, we do all design work all possibly is equal to the zero. The market investigation and study, may according to the policy guidance, the profession supply and demand information, the expert analyze, the profession unfolds clues and so on meeting, technical meeting, found the user the demand information, after and reorganizes the analysis, the definite packaging machine should complete function. In the principle project design process, first must understand fully the related information product, the electronic products function, understood the air operated part the performance, and uses to simplify the mechanical drive system, but also may use the multi-electrical machinery dragging to reduce the mechanical transmission chain. Regarding the essential mechanical drive system, should make the best the modernized design method, in to product functional analysis foundation in, through innovation idea, system model, mechanical analysis, dynamic optimization, thus obtains the best design proposal. The technical design is the principle design structuralization, definite spare part quantity, the shape, the size, the material and so on, the essential components carry on the power computation, the power computation, the strength calculation, the rigidity computation to the major component in.When system design, must consider the entire packaging machine system comprehensively the layout, the movement coordination, the model design, the human - machine environment as well as the packing transportation and so on. The modular design is one advanced design method, its core thought is divides into systematically according to the function certain modules, the identical function unit designs the packaging machine in has the module which the different performance, may exchange, through the module different combination, causes the packaging machine multi-purpose, the seriation. Uses this method the merit is: (1) makes the packaging machine renewal speed to speed up. Because of the new type substitution, often is the partial improvement. The vanguard technology introduction corresponding module, compared with easy to realize the partial improvement; (2) reduction design cycle. After the user proposed the request, only must replace the module, or the design manufacture partial modules, then obtain the new type, meets the user need; (3) reduces the cost, is advantageous for the service; (4) performance stable reliable. Because time module design, to the packaging machine function division and the module design, has conducted the careful research, has guaranteed the module performance, for example: Cam gear, servo, examination system, transmission system, control system, measurement organization, yummy treats organization and so on. . other packing machinery seriation, modular profession standard, also arrived should formulate, the packing machinery has become our country one of ten big mechanical professions, but serialized, the modular profession standard formulation will certainly to promote our country to pack on the mechanical profession cross new stair.中文译文包装机械的发展我国包装机械行业起步于20世纪70年代，在80年代末和90年代中期得到迅速发展。已成为机械工业中的10大行业之一，无论是产量，还是品种上，都取得了令人瞩目的成就，为我国包装工业的快速发展提供了有力保障。目前，我国已成为世界包装机械工业生产和消费大国之一。 当前我国食品和包装机械的一个突出问题是新产品开发周期长、模仿多、创新少，这不仅与设计人员的知识水平有关，也和相关行业的发展有关。 国际先进的作法是运用仿真技术，由计算机自动合成三维模型，将过去曾经发生过的生产线故障数据输入计算机，即可演示实际工况，在用户面前根据需要进行修改，最终完善。包装机械作为一种产品，它的含义不仅仅是产品本身的物质意义，而是包括形式产品、隐形产品及延伸产品3层含义。形式产品是指包装机本身的具体形态和基本功能；隐形产品是指包装机给用户提供的实际效用；延伸产品是指包装机的质量保证、使用指导和售后服务 等。所以包装机的设计应该包括：市场调研、原理图设计、结构设计、施工图设计、使用说明书编写及售后服务预案等。 新型包装机械往往是机、电、气一体化的设备。充分利用信息产品的最新成果，采用气动执行机构、伺服电机驱动等分离传动技术， 可使整机的传动链大大缩短，结构大为简化，工作精度和速度大大提高。其中的关键技术之一是采用了多电机拖动的同步控制技术。其实 掌握这种技术并不很难，只是一些设计人员不了解包装机械的这一发展趋势。如果说以前我国包装机械设计是仿制、学习阶段，那么现在 我们应该有创新设计的意识。产品设计是用于产品，及它的部件装配的计划。为了把产品设计转换成一个实际物体，这需要一个制造计划。而制订一个这样的计划的行动就叫做工艺规程制订。它是产品设计和制造之间的连接，工艺规程制订包括决定加工顺序和制造产品所必须完成的装配步骤。在以下文章中,我们将解释工艺规程制订和他的一些相关主题。文章开始，我们应该区别在下列文章中被反复提到的工艺规程制订和生产计划。工艺规程制订与如何制造产品和它的零件等工程技术问题有关，制造零件和装配产品需要什么样的设备和工具？工艺规程制订与产品制造物流管理有关系。它在工艺规程制订后面与原料分类及获得满足制造充分数量产品要求的资源有关。工艺规程制订工艺规程制订包括决定最适当的制造及装配步骤和顺序，在这些顺序和步骤中他们必须根据所提出的详细的设计说明书规范完成给定零件或产品制造。 能够被计划的工艺范围和多样性通常由于公司车间可用设备和技术能力而受到限制。在公司内部不能够制造的零件必须到外部市场购买，工艺规程制订所提及的工艺选择同样也受到详细设计资料的限制，我们稍后将会回到这一点。工艺规程制订通常是由制造工程师完成的，工艺制订者必须熟悉工厂中详细可用的制造流程并且能够说明工程图。基于制订者的知识、技术和经验，用于制造每个零件的工艺步骤以最合乎逻辑的顺序被发展制订。下列各项是在工艺规程制订范围里的许多决定和详细资料：设计图的说明. 在工艺规程制订的开始，产品设计的这一部分( 材料、尺寸、公差、表面处理等等)必须进行分析。工艺和顺序. 工艺制订者必须选择哪一个工艺是必需的及必需工艺的序列。此外还必须准备好一个简短的工艺步骤描述。设备选择. 大体上,工艺制订者必须逐步展开利用工厂现有机器的计划。另外，组件必须被购买或在新设备上的投资必须被制定。工具、冲模、铸模、夹具、量具. 工艺必须决定每个工序需要什么工具,这些工具的实际设计和制造通常通过委派工具设计部门和工具库或者联系专攻那种工具制造的外面厂商来完成。方法分析. 车间规划，小工具，提升重物的提升间。甚至在一些人工操作情景中的肢体动作也被指定。操作步骤. 工作测量技术被用来为每个操作设定时间标准。切削工具和切削条件. 这些必须对加工操作通过推荐标准手册来进行详细说明。零件工艺规程制订对于单个零件，加工顺序通过一种被称为进路表的表格来进行文件证明备份。就如工程图被用于详细说明设计产品一样，进路表被用于详细说明工艺计划。他们是类似的，一个用于产品设计，另一个用于制造。制造单个零件的典型加工顺序包括：(1) 一个基本工序 (2) 二级工序 (3) 提高物质特性工序和(4) 最后工序。一个基本工序决定了工件的起始造型。金属铸件、塑料成型、金属精炼是基本工序中的实例。起始造型常常必须通过改变起始造型操作(或者接近于最终造型)的二级工序来精制。二级工序习惯于和基本工序一起提供起始造型，当砂型铸造是基本工序，车加工通常是二级工序。当轧钢厂制造金属片是基本工序，冲压操作像冲裁和弯曲通常是二级工序。当塑料注入成型是基本工序时，二级工序通常是不必要的，因为他的大多数几何特征制造通过别的方式如成型制造来完成。塑料成型和其他操作的二级工序被称为净成型工序的并发二级工序，需要一些但并不多的二级工序的操作就是所提到的近似成型工序。许多有印象的摸锻件就是这一类，这类零件能够经常在锻造(初级工序)阶段被成型，因此减少了必要的加工(二级工序)。一旦模型被建立，许多零件的下一步是改良它们的机械物理性能。提高特性工序并不改变零件模型，然而，它却能改变零件的物理特性。金属零件的热处理操作就是最普通的实例。类似的如玻璃通过热处理来制造钢化玻璃，对于大多数零件的制造来说，这些特性加强工序在加工工序中并不需要。最后工序通常对零件(或装配体)的表面提供一个涂层。例如电镀、薄膜沉积技术、涂漆。表面处理的目的是改善外观，改变颜色或者表面保护防止腐蚀和磨损等等。在很多零件中最后工序是并不需要的。例如：塑料成型就很少需要最后程序。当必须需要最后程序，他通常是加工顺序的最后一步。 装配工艺规程制订一个既定产品的典型装配方法由以下因素决定的：(1)预期产品数量(2)装配产品的复杂性。例如：不同组件的数量和(3)常用装配工艺。例如：机械定位焊接、对于小数量产品，通常在人工装配线上进行装配。对于大量制造的一打或这样组件的简单零件，要采用适当的自动化装配线。无论如何这里有一个工作必须被完成的优先顺序，这个优先需求经常用一个优先表来进行