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多传感器信息融合技术在液压系统的故障诊断上的应用L Q Zhang1、2 G L Yang1,2、LG Zhang3和S Y Zhang41学校的能源和电力工程、兰州理工大学、七里河区,兰州,730050年,中国2温州科学院泵和阀门工程、兰州大学的技术,化工,永嘉县瓯西路,325105,中国温州3邯郸特殊下沉有限公司的中国煤炭、中煤第五建筑公司,复兴区,邯郸,056003年,中国4中国农业机械化科学研究院,朝阳区,北京,100083年,中国邮箱: 文摘结构层和方法的多传感器信息融合技术分析,并对其应用的故障诊断液压系统讨论。针对液压系统、液压故障诊断系统模型,基于多传感器提出了信息融合技术。选择和实施方法信息融合合理,模型可以计算出各种故障特征融合和参数在液压系统有效,提供更多的有价值的结果对故障诊断液压系统。1.介绍液压系统中扮演着重要的角色在工程行业。确保液压系统工作安全、可靠、无任何潜在的事故,其故障诊断是非常重要的。但工程实践表明,故障诊断基于一个参数不能确定系统出故障或不是所有的时间。和多传感器信息融合技术,不同的参数对操作条件的液压系统从不同的角度可以获得。集成和融合所有的参数有效的故障诊断液压系统成功地开展和故障的液压系统可以识别和位置准确1,2。本文对结构层和多传感器信息融合的方法技术进行了分析,然后在故障诊断中的应用,讨论了液压系统。2.多传感器信息融合技术多传感器信息融合是一个多层次、多方面的处理过程。它可以检测,估计和结合所有的参数的测定液压系统来实现状态估计,包括形势估计和风险估计的系统准确1,2。对故障诊断系统的液压系统,多传感器信息融合包括数据融合和知识融合,此外数据知识融合,是数据挖掘,也包括在内。2.1 多传感器层的信息融合,如图1,信息融合可以分成3层3图1。原理图的层模型的信息融合信息融合检测层和故障诊断。信息融合检测层是原始信息融合以同类传感器前预处理。通过这第一次,操作条件的系统可以直观地监控感知。同时所有的信息输入到数据库进行数据挖掘出来。信息融合的功能层和故障诊断。信息融合的功能层原始信息融合以各种传感器和相关的理论知识。通过这种故障的液压系统可以识别和定位,但它是所有。具体方法和技术针对故障诊断不能这里提出。信息融合和故障诊断决策层。这是最高的层的融合。所有信息以不同类型传感器和相关的理论知识熔融和对策,具体方法和技术针对断层诊断包括故障隔离、冗余控制等实现。如果对策是证明是可行的,这种典型的案例的经验也可以输入到数据库使用的某个时候。2.2 多传感器信息融合的方法有许多多传感器信息融合的方法,如基于贝叶斯理论,Demper -沙佛(d - s)理论、神经网络技术和一些估计理论等4,5。作为一个修改理论的贝叶斯理论、证据理论,也称为证据理论,有广泛的应用多传感器信息融合技术。该方法避免了简单的假设一个未知的概率和显示了确定性和不确定性的信息。证据理论的基本方法是划分成相互独立的部分证据集。每个证据部分有一个概率分布函数相关理论诊断,也叫信念函数。基于融合不同的证据和相关理论诊断,这是整合所有的信仰功能,总信仰程度的综合证据的基础上相关的理论知识可以得到6、7。图2显示了证据的推理过程理论。3 应用多传感器信息融合技术在故障诊断液压系统3.1 结构和原理的故障诊断系统常见的失效模式的液压系统包括石油泄漏、磨损、腐蚀、疲劳、穴蚀现象,液压发作,影响休息等等。因此,一个液压系统监测参数包括液压压力、流量、温度、油泄漏等等。故障诊断系统的液压系统基于多传感器信息融合技术包括两个功能模块,数据采集模块和中央流程模块。数据采集模块是安装在每个主要组件,包括传感器、信号调节电路,A / D转换器,和总线接口等,为实现每个状态信号的液压系统采集和传输。中央过程模块包括CPU和软件。考虑到液压系统的复杂性,使用IPC作为CPU信息融合实现数据分析、融合、故障诊断并给予对策7 - 9。图3显示了框图模型的故障诊断系统。图4显示了流图的诊断程序。3.2 故障诊断系统的特点所有的操作参数,包括液压压力、流量、温度、油泄漏等,可以随时监控。基于d - s理论,通过融合所有的操作参数测量传感器的状态识别,典型的故障诊断和安全保护可以实现成功。3.3 关键技术的故障诊断系统为了使所有的信号准确,如何选择每个传感器合理和预先处理所有有效的信号。为了确保故障诊断是正确的,如何选择和实施信息融合的方法。由于证据理论的方法可能不适合在某些条件,其他的方法,例如,神经网络技术可能是一个更好的的选择。 4 结论基于多传感器信息融合技术的故障诊断系统充分利用多个信号,可以测量从液压系统来实现报警和条件诊断液压系统。这可以提高工作效率和可靠性的液压系统。故障诊断系统模型,本文提出了液压系统是一个广义模型。在具体的工程实践监控参数和实际的结构和实施故障诊断系统依赖于相应的液压系。鸣谢我们要感谢科技的支持项目的温州城(H20110007)和自然科学基金甘肃省(1014 rjza023)。引用1Varshney P K 1997多传感器数据融合Electronics&通信工程杂志245年12月- 2532华尔兹E和Llinas J 1991多传感器数据融合Artech房子35 423阿兰N S 2001数据融合系统工程IEEE AESS系统杂志6月7 - 144Halld L 2000数学技术在多传感器数据融合Artech房子15 - 215H F Durrant Whyte 2001传感器模型和多传感器集成Int。j .机器人研究7(6)87 - 926Mourad O 2004一些笔记不确定性信息的融合Int。j .智能系统19(6)457 - 4717理查德T 2003原则有效的多传感器数据融合的军事科技27(5)29日378张Y D和江泽民X W 1999多传感器信息融合技术及其应用智能故障诊断系统的传感器技术中国j。18(2)18 - 229一个F Y,卢H W,刘C J,et al。2006研究和应用信息融合机械故障诊断技术在中国重庆大学29(1)15Application of multi-sensor information fusion technology on fault diagnosis of hydraulic system L Q Zhang1, 2, G L Yang1, 2, LG Zhang3 and S Y Zhang4 1 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, China 2 Wenzhou Academy of Pump and Valve Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Madao West Road, Oubei, Yongjia, Wenzhou, 325105, China 3 Handan Special Sinking Limited Company of China Coal, China Coal Fifth Construction Company, Fuxing District, Handan, 056003, China 4 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China E-mail: Abstract. The structural layers and methods of multi-sensor information fusion technology are analysed, and its application in fault diagnosis of hydraulic system is discussed. Aiming at hydraulic system, a model of hydraulic fault diagnosis system based on multi-sensor information fusion technology is presented. Choosing and implementing the method of information fusion reasonably, the model can fuse and calculate various fault characteristic parameters in hydraulic system effectively and provide more valuable result for fault diagnosis of hydraulic system. 1. Introduction Hydraulic system plays an important role in engineering industry. To ensure that hydraulic system is working safely, reliably and without any potential accident, its fault diagnosis is very important. But engineering practice shows that fault diagnosis based on one parameter cannot make sure whether the system is out of order or not all the time. And by multi-sensor information fusion technology, different parameters about the operating conditions of the hydraulic system from different angles can be obtained. Integrating and fusing all of the parameters effectively, the fault diagnosis of hydraulic system is successfully carried out and the fault of hydraulic system can be identified and located more accurately 1, 2. In this paper, the structural layers and methods of multi-sensor information fusion technology are analyzed, and then its application in fault diagnosis of hydraulic system is discussed. 2. Technology of multi-sensor information fusion Multi-sensor information fusion is a multilayer, allround processing procedure. It can detect, fuse, correlate, estimate and combine all of the parameters measured in hydraulic system to achieve the state estimation, including situation estimation and risk estimation of the system accurately 1, 2. To fault diagnosis system of hydraulic system, multi-sensor information fusion consists of data fusion and knowledge fusion, in addition data-to-knowledge fusion, that is data mining, is also included. 2.1. Layers of multi-sensor information fusion As shown in figure 1, information fusion can be parted into 3 layers 3. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of layer model of information fusion Information fusion of detecting layer and fault diagnosis. Information fusion of detecting layer is to fuse original information measured by the same kind sensors before their pretreatment. By this, in first time, the operating conditions of the system can be monitored intuitively and perceptually. At the same time all of the information is inputted into data base to carry data mining out. Information fusion of feature layer and fault diagnosis. Information fusion of feature layer is to fuse original information measured by all kinds sensors and related theoretical knowledge. By this the fault of hydraulic system can be identified and located, but it is all. The specific methods and technology aiming at the fault diagnosis cannot be presented here. Information fusion of decision layer and fault diagnosis. This is the fusion of the highest layer. All information measured by different kinds sensors and related theoretical knowledge are fused and the countermeasures, that is the specific methods and technology aiming at the fault diagnosis including fault isolation, redundancy controlling and so on are achieved. And if the countermeasures are proved to be workable, the experience of this typical case can also be inputted into the data base to use sometime. 2.2. Methods of multi-sensor information fusion There are many methods of multi-sensor information fusion, such as based on Bayes theory, Demper-Shafer (D-S) theory, neural network technology and some estimation theory and so on4, 5. As a modified theory of Bayes theory, D-S theory, also called evidence theory, has a wider application in multi-sensor information fusion technology. This method avoids the simple assumption to an unbeknown probability and shows the determinacy and indeterminacy of information. The basic method of D-S theory is dividing the evidence set into mutually independent parts. Each evidence part has a probability distribution function to the related theoretical diagnosis, also called belief function. Based on the fusion of different evidence and the related theoretical diagnosis, that is to integrate all of the belief functions, the total belief degree of integrated evidence based on the related theoretical knowledge can be obtained6, 7. Figure 2 shows the course of reasoning of D-S theory. Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the course of reasoning of D-S theory 3. Application of multi-sensor information fusion technology on fault diagnosis of hydraulic system 3.1. Structure and principle of the fault diagnosis system The common failure modes of hydraulic system consist of oil leakage, abrasion, corrosion, fatigue, cavitations, hydraulic pressure seizure, and impact break and so on. Thus to a hydraulic system the monitoring parameters include hydraulic pressure, flow quantity, temperature, oil leakage and so on. The fault diagnosis system of hydraulic system based on multi-sensor information fusion technology includes two function modules, data acquisition module and central process module. The data acquisition module is installed at each major component, including sensor, signal conditioning circuit, A/D convertor, and bus interface and so on, to achieve each status signal of the hydraulic system acquisition and transmission. The central process module consists of CPU and the software. Considering that the complexities of hydraulic system, use IPC as the CPU of information fusion to achieve the data analysis, fusion, fault diagnosis and giving countermeasure 7-9. Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the model of fault diagnosis system. Figure 4 shows the flow chart of the diagnostic program. 3.2. Characteristics of the fault diagnosis system All of the operating parameters, including hydraulic pressure, flow quantity, temperature, oil leakage and so on, can be monitored anytime. Based on D-S theory, by fusing all of the operating parameters measured by sensors the state recognition, the typical fault diagnosis, and the safety protection can be achieved successfully. 3.3. Key technology of the fault diagnosis system In order to make all the signals accurate, how to choose each sensor reasonably and pretreat all the signals availably. In order to make sure that the fault diagnosis is right, how to choose and implement the method of information fusion. Because the method of D-S theory may not work well under certain condition, the other methods, for example, neural network technology may be a better choice. Figure 3. Block diagram of the model of fault diagnosis system Figure 4. Flow chart of the diagnostic program 4. Conclusions Based on multi-sensor information fusion technology, the fault diagnosis system makes full use of multiple signals that can be measured from hydraulic system to realize condition alarming and diagnosis of the hydraulic systems. This can increase work efficiency and reliability of the hydraulic systems. The model of fault diagnosis system of hydraulic system presented in this paper is a generalized model. In specific engineering practice the monitoring parameters and the actual structure and implementation of the fault diagnosis system depend on the corresponding hydraulic system. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the support of Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou City (H20110007) and Natural Science Fund of Gansu Province (1014RJZA023). References 1 Varshney P K 1997 Multi-sensor Data Fusion Electronics& Communication Engineering Journal December 245253 2 Waltz E and Llinas J 1991 Multi-sensor Data Fusion Artech House 3542 3 Alan N S 2001 Data fusion system engineering IEEE AESS Systems Magazine June 714 4 Halld L 2000 Mathematical technique in multi-sensor data fusion Artech House 1521 5 H F Durrant Whyte 2001 Sensor models and multi-sensor integration The Int. J. of Robotics Research 7(6) 8792 6 Mourad O 2004 Some notes on fusion of uncertainty information Int. J. of Intelligent Systems 19(6) 457471 7 Richard T 2003 Principles of effective multisensor data fusion Military Technology 27(5) 2937 8 Zhang Y D and Jiang X W 1999 Multi-sensor information fusion technique and its application on intelligent fault diagnosis system Chinese J. of Transducer Tech. 18(2) 1822 9 An F Y, Lu H W, Liu C J, et al. 2006 Research and application of information fusion technology on machinery fault diagnosis Chinese Journal of Chongqing University 29(1) 1518 毕业设计(论文)中期报告题目:定压式容积节流调速回路实验装置设计院(系) 机电信息系 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级姓 名学 号导 师2013年03月21日1. 设计(论文)进展状况工作进行到12周,在这个阶段的主要工作有外文翻译,设计方面开始工程图的绘制阶段。工程图完成情况:原理已分析清楚,部分零件图、装配图利用CAD已基本画完,零件图包括(1张A1实验台焊接支架构成图,1张油箱焊接组建图,1张液压缸零件图以及其他零件图)。目前完成的任务有:液压站、总装配图的绘制以及部分零件图绘制完成。液压元件的初步估算,管道以及管接头的初选,液压缸的设计以及各个零部件的选择。外文翻译了一片关于多传感器信息融合技术在液压系统的故障诊断中的应用的文献。总装配图的主视图如下:2. 存在问题及解决措施随着设计的不断进行,出现不少问题,主要有:在液压站的设计上不完善,不能很好的做到滤油器充分吸油的效果。解决办法是后又加上另一截管线是滤油器下伸到邮箱三分之一处,使回路运行更加有效。如下图所示:在原理的设计方面还存在一些问题,在加载支路上没有加设减压阀,会出现一些制图上的错误,在导师的悉心指导下正在逐步一一改正。如下图所示:1YA2YA3YA4YA5YA快进+-+-工进+-快退-+-+停止-3. 后期工作安排后期的任务主要有:8-12周:完成全部技术设计;13-14周:撰写毕业设计论文;15周:论文答辩。后期的主要工作重点还是放在工程图的绘制,并且需要完善已经完成的装配图以及加强后期零件图的绘制。最后在同时进行设计论文的完成以及最后整个油路热温升校核,完成全部技术设计。毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目:定压式容积节流调速回路实验装置设计系 别 机电信息系 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级 姓 名 学 号 导 师 2012年12月26日1.毕业设计综述(一):课题研究的目的和意义液压传动由于其具有传动功率大、易于实现无极调速等优点,使其在各类机械设备中得到广泛的应用。该选题以定压式容积节流调速回路实验装置设计为对象,紧密结合机械设计制造及自动化专业的相关基础技术和专业技术,对于锻炼学生综合应用液压传动、机械制造工程、机械设计、机械CAD等基本专业知识解决工程实际问题的能力以及独立工作的能力具有积极的促进作用,总之,通过本题目的设计,可以使学生对四年所学课程得到一次全面的实践锻炼。设计液压实验装置原理是解决液压工程实际问题的前提,只有熟悉液压传功系统设计的一般程序,了解各种液压传动的原理,通过画出原理图和计算相关数据才能建立出解决问题的初步模型。通过定压式容积节流调速回路实验装置的设计我们可以了解到,容积节流调速采用变量泵供油,通过节流阀或调速阀控制流入(或流出)执行元件的流量来调节执行元件的运动速度,使变量泵的供油量与执行元件所需流量相适应。这种回路无溢流损失,效率高,速度负载特性比单纯的容积调速回路好。目前随着机械事业的发展及人民生活水平的提高,很多机械设备在实现自动化的同时都应用到了液压传动系统,目的就是应用其传动功率大,易于实现无极调速的优点,减轻工人负担,提高生产效率。总体来说,通过本课题我们可以对液压传动系统的设计、发展趋势以及各种相关的基本原理做出更熟练的掌握和应用。(二):课题研究的背景、国内外研究现状及发展趋势液压系统传动又称流体传动,是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术。第一次世界大战(1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用,特别是1920年以后,发展更为迅速。液压站大约在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的20年间,才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。1925 年维克斯(F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵,为近代液压元件工业或液压传动 的逐步建立奠定了基础。20 世纪初康斯坦丁尼斯克(GConstantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实际研究;1910年对液力传动(液力联轴节、液力变矩器等)方面的贡献,使这两方面领域得到了发展。第二次世界大战(1941-1945)期间,在美国机床中有30%应用了液压传动。应该指出,日本液压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近 20 多年。在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速发展液压传动,1956 年成立了”液压工业会”。近2030 年间,日本液压传动发展之快,居世界领先地位。液压系统有许多突出的优点,因此它的应用非常广泛,如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等;行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等;钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等;土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等;发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等;船舶用的甲板起重机械(绞车)、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等;特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等;军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。(三):液压系统的发展趋势 推动社会技术发展的动力一直都是社会需求,而液压技术发展的永恒目标也一直是降低能耗,提高效率,适应环保需求,机电一体化,这也是液压产品参与市场竞争取胜的关键。液压系统逐步实现柔性化、智能化,彻底改变液压系统低
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