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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：MMW7660卧式双端面磨床改进设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923233学生姓名： 赵 原 指导教师： 许菊若 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：MMW7660卧式双端面磨床改进设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923233 学生姓名： 赵 原 指导教师： 许菊若 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月25日 课题来源本课题来源于无锡开源机床集团有限公司合作改造项目。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等） 双端面磨床是一种在现代工业中应用非常广泛的高效加工设备,它是平面磨削加工机床的一个重要分支。双端面磨床的优点是磨削效率高、自动化程度高、不用吸盘夹持和加工精度高,在诸如汽车制造、轴承、工具、压缩机制造等行业有广泛的应用。 据有关文献介绍,早在1894年美国的Gardner与Besly合伙制造了世界上第一台端面磨床,1912年由Gardner公司制造出第一台双端面磨床。经过近百年的发展与演变,使双端面磨床成为许多行业中关键的高效加工设备。双端面磨床的工件两端面同时被连续磨削,加工时间与工件上下料等辅助时间重合,加工效率高,适合于大批量生产。磨削工件时,不必采用电磁吸盘夹持,这样可以避免工件有剩磁。特别是在用吸盘进行薄型工件磨削时,由于工件易翘曲变形,必须进行反复数次磨削。双端面磨床适合加工薄型工件。此外,还适合磨削非磁性材料与非金属材料。双端面磨床能连续磨削工件,可以在机床上配置自动测量、自动补偿、自动上下料等机构。因此,双端面磨床要比一般平面磨床自动化程度高,适宜在自动线上联机生产，是一种有前途的具有生命力的机床。研究内容1熟练掌握MMW7660卧式双端面磨床的工作原理与结构。2熟悉掌握MMW7660卧式双端面磨床进给运动过程中的结构设计与受力分析并对进给部分进行改进。3将滑动导轨改进为滚动导轨，采用伺服电机并对丝杆螺母部分进行改进。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析总结本磨床的基本结构，工作方式与原理。然后根据考察的结果，再查阅相关书籍，确定基本的设计参数。交由指导老师检查，修改。完成后，再对主要载荷部件进行校核。最后出主要零件的零件图，编写设计说明书。研究方法：首先是根据砂轮架主轴的要求进行轴的设计，然后再选取轴承，设计皮带和皮带轮等等。研究计划及预期成果 研究计划：2012年10月12日-2012年12月31日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，完成毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月1日-2013年1月27日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年1月28日-2013年3月3日：毕业实习。2013年3月4日-2013年3月17日：本磨床的的主要参数计算与确定。2013年3月18日-2013年4月14日：本磨床总体结构改造设计。2013年4月15日-2013年4月28日：零件图及二维画图设计。2013年4月29日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。 预期成果：根据提供的主要构件参数而计算出的传动构件的参数，尺寸及机体等是合理的，并且通过对本磨床四杆螺母和进给部分的改进，最终提高本磨床的精度，效率及自动化程度。特色或创新之处 本磨床在布置上有对称的两个模头，拖板进给机构，并采用定程系统，进给补偿和修正均采用机动，一般能自动卸料，实现全自动化，较方便，纳入自动线成本较低。通过对四杆螺母和进给部分的改造，使该机床从精度，效率自动化程度来看是一种有前途的具有生命力的机床。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题1 实验方案思路已经非常明确，已经具备使用CAD制图的能力和了解MMW7660双端面磨床的原理结构等知识。2 使用CAD制图能力尚需加强。3 准确的计算校核有待完成。指导教师意见 指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Digital system in the horizontal grinder application of the status quo and developmentRaymond Cooper Modern industrial production,small and large parts for the production of products of the increasing proportion of parts complexity and precision requirements rapidy increase , the traditional general machine tools has become increasingly difficult to met the requirements of modern production ,and a high-precision CNC machine tools,high-efficiency,the use of a manchine can complete comple type face processing characteristics ,in particular the rapid development of computer technology and the widespread use of digital systems,digital devices from almost all major software functions to achieve ,almost to a hardware ,thereby making it more flexible processing ,functional stronger. Manufacturing competition from lower labour costs early, product cost and improve their overall efficiency and qualitiy of competition ,to meet customer demands comprehensive ,actively develop new products competitive ,will face knowledgetechnicalupdated products has become shorter and shorter, an increasing number of small products, and the quality ,performance requirements are higher ,Meanwhile community to environmental protection ,the growing awareness of green manufacturing .therefore advanced manufacturing technology will be quickly won the competition and survival of the enterprise ,the principal means of development .Computer information technology and manufacturing automation tas an important foundation for digital machine in the production of machine tools to share more. First digital Ping finds the status quo and digital systems primaril. First, digital ping finds the status quo and digital systems primarily . Horizontal grinder compared to the lathe,milling machine,using digital systems later,the special requirements because of its digital sustems.In the past decade,with the technical facility,grinder,the grinding wheel for repair,automatic compensation,automatic exchange grinding wheel,and more workstations,such as automatic transmission and Zhuangjia working inoperable realized,and digital technology in the horizontal grinder ,gradually spread.In recent Hanover,Tokyo,Chicago,and other large domestic machine tool exhibition,CNC grinder throughout the grinder,for the majority of the exhibits,such as Germany Blohm company ELB conpanies such famous grinder factories no longer proudce ordinary grinder Japanese Forces,Japan,low digital ping himself. German production company a few years ago ELB brilliant series two Coordinates facility shaped grinder,the vertical and horizontal axis for digital,vertical for hydraulic control,grinding wheel repair work platform installed in a roller diamonds,the application of brodader;SUPER-BRILLIANT series is one-dimensional and shaped grinder Ssnzuobiao facility,the beds are manufactured using natural granite,high geometric accuracy,slide away from straight rolling guide,driving without recoiling machinery,thus ensuring a better working surface smoothness;BRILIANT-FUTURE series of improvements to the above two products,using artificial granite bed was produced by static pressure vertical guide,Chixing belt transmission,vertical and horizontal guide for pre reinforced straight rolling guide,Gunzhusigang transmission,three-axis CNC control AC servo electrical,measuring 0.5m 16ug image.ELB company has also developed the latest Technology grinder contemporary products,and integration with computer and technology-based series of soft skills CAM-MASTER processing modules CAD-MASTER series and COMPACT-MASTER series grinding processing center,a maximum of up to 24 axis control axis,As the full implementation of modularDesign and anufacture of dedicated grinder cycle shortened ELB company has also developed a variety of highly efficient dedicated grinder ,such as SFVG100/2 dedicated grinder ,which will tilt Motou ,continuous improvements, toease into ,processing center . British and Amrrican companies JONES&SHIPMAN A-B company developed A-B8600 digital systems for igital FORMAT5 type ping himself form the facility hydraulic control valves ,driven vertical movement can be governor, to the use of horizontal and Motou into Gunzhusigang deputy ,Electrical DC servo driven, intermittent style grinding wheel repair ,CRT graphics simulation showed .Also be used with other types of digital systems to meet different user requirements. Currently ,the semiconductor master degrees continual incrase in the newly introduced system in the appearance of smaller ,more compact strccture functions increased distance ommuications ,remote diagnosis ,multiple plane networking etc ;Interface to the Window operating system to increase the mouse .remote operation of vehicles .Fanuc major company this year launched 18,16I,20I,21Isystem Siemens is 840D,810D,802D are tight structure type system .There are a number of manufacturers such as : Taiwan Precision CNC controls on the use of the window operating system of NC ,and NT immediate multi-processing core ,single-section procedures for processing speed 2000 pieces /s,single-section pre-1000 time to deal with a few pieces ,with Aart (pre adaptation technologies) and the parameters of the best learing function would follow error convergence to zero , the software processing path filter to reduce maching process generated by the acceleration changes excessive mechanical resonance ,thereby improving surface roughness ; with the use of servo flexible ,with+, -10v analogy servo interface It also provides international standards SERCOS digital servo communications interface design Tixingtu ；PLC procedures ,structure expressions, functional pieces ,instructions code ,flowcharts , five facilitate design, communication and maintenance; long-range communications with the computer, instant remote maintenance functions; control can be extended to a maximum axle and spindle axis 64. I/O points which can be expanded to 792/528 point, the introduction of Pentium processors, high-speed Plc processing speed to 25K. Apart from the world famous Siemens, Fanuc digital systems, such as professional development and production of the plant has been applied to many horizontal or shaped grinding system, a number of production plants Ping finds itself actively developed application in the digital grinder system. Notably: Siemens SINUMERIK 840D of the system, the system has more than 20 roots servo axis, the coordinates for the trip control, manual data entry or imported through external computer, remote diagnosis may reduce the grinding wheel diameter change itinerary, grinding wheel repair of automatic compensation Gunzhusigang gap error compensation, Siemens 3G system is specifically for grinding and processing development, for both dialogue with the presentation devices operate in axis tilt, can also be straight and arc widely in grinding, recurring operational cycle, such as the main axis swing, and use external signal interruption implementation procedures, grinding wheel cut, grinding wheel repair, and other special functions for the preparation of a fixed cycle procedures. Not only can use its external measurement devices (switches signal), but when connected to a suitable time to first measurement and control devices directly to the ultimate size comparison. American companies ALLEY-BRANDLY production 8400CNC digital series apply lathe, milling machine and grinder, 8400CNC up to 6 roots servo axis control, the Section 2 axle may drain, the three axis may helix spaced, six axle straight drain. 8600CNC series of coordinates to control 17, including eight in the drain axle, eight spaces control axle and one allegation that a graphic shown that the expansion of branch procedures that processing time, high-speed access procedures, cutlery life monitoring function . Japanese companies developed FANUC OG high-speed high performance digital system, which 0-GSG applicable to horizontal grinder ,the grinding parts under different shapes ,four different methods of grinding ,a grinding wheel axle angle cycle of grinding wheel flow position after finishing compensation function .Compared to repair vehicles were repaired round noemal line direction control functional grinding wheel shape graphics and grinding parameters show that the functional ,system smallest unit set 0.116ugm, a “tight ” type digital systems, lower prices . There are also companies such as Germany and University jointly developed by ELB UNICON system Japanese big cove ironworker OSP5000G-G,OSP30-NF such as self development and shaped grinding digital print system ,the maximum control OSP5000G-G nine coordinates ,which can be linked six coordinates a 12-inch hall ,intractive programming, automatic identification of cutting factor used dikrttes imported ,into automated systems .the smallest pulse equivalent ,the mobile equivalent and testing equivalent 16ug are 0.1 m ,Ping himself also used simultaneously by the entire loop detectors. Although there is the ping himself factory using digital Zhujichang system ,but self development of software ,use it more suitable for horizontal and shaped grinding ,such as German company Siemens SINUMERIK 810 Jung based ,the company specialized software used by Jung Kontur programming language for a shaped grinding wheel repair, and graphics supporting operational functions. Japan sincerely companies in Fanuc digital systems hardware companies ,the OPL development language for grinding processing ,and so on .The liner electrical ,balance ,technology ,the growing due process,and greatlt enhance the efficacy of achine tools ,the application of appropriate measurement techniques for the development. Since the start of production digital horizontal grinder 1980s, the development of manufactures have developed separately, the development of cooperation with universities and research units direct to introduce mature digital systems development . For example:Hangzhou Machine Tool Plant is a history of 50 yearsof professional graphic grinder of factory production, which began production in the mid-1980s from digital ping hisself ,has developed a production MGK7132 straight axle rule Taiwan high-precision ping himself into , MGK 7120 ,MK7163,MK7150 straight axle rule Taiwan digital ping himself , MKY7760 vertical shaft digital HZ-K2010,HZ-050CNC,HZ-KD2010,HZ-K3015,HZ-K3020,such as dedicated digital Dragon Gate Type HZ-K4020 horizontal grinder and guide .The development and application of systems,developed in cooperation with universities and scientfic research units in Shanbanji system ,but also for self-development to the mainframe Chanpianji the simple control system ,and the use of digital Zhujichang mature digital production system . Ping fidns its production MGK 7120 high-precision ,the company introduced Japan Fanuc MATE-D purchased digital recording system to control Motou chin,chin to the smallest volume 0.1 16ug m ,a complete automatic grinding cycle functions. MKY7650/0101 carry noodles grinder is fully automatic digital double technical cooperation with Iralian company Viotto products using Sinmens Simatic S5-115U programmable controller control CRT display ,machine tools left .right Motou driven by the two axis DC servo electrical, machine tools capable of manual and automatic grinding cycle of adjustment options .Equipped with Italian Maerbosi E9-measurement systems , the first two measurements , a measurement grinding wheel ,grinding wheel wear and tear of feedback to the control system , Abrasive Wheels compensation; Another measure after her first measuremrnts gringing, and measurements grinding ,s and measutements of the control system into the servo compensation for electrical; Left and right Motou used for position measurement Viotto raster control ,Having achieved a whole sets from the expected completion of the entire loop gringding and fully automatic processing. HZ-050CNC digital linear rolling guide dedicated grinder is the Shanghai Science and Technology for the production of key industrial projects in the third research and development project dedicated grinder . Both fuctional and shaped grinding flat grinding fuction , and it has adopted the U.S.company A-B 8400MP digital production system ,a seven-kan digital axis machine tools ,X,Y,Z into three roots Motou to axle and U,V,W 3 root grinding wheel repair axle direct control by the system ,Another Q for the horizontal grinding wheel horizontal axis into the (one-dimensional with grinding)through SLC programmable controller plus wife positioning module , the mainframe system I/O imported 8400MP control its position , with continuous improvements in the grinding gringding , grinding wheel or gap-type grinding wheel to repair such automatic processing int compensation. HZ KD2010 sis-axle double Motou Dragon Gate digital graphic grinder , using FANUC-OMC digital systems ,using four roots CNC axis control two separate horizontal and vertical into Motou to use a PMC peripheral Moutou control of the grinding wheel axle repair vehicles lords-chin to the other roots PMC axis control Almighty Motou sub-degree rotation . Take full advantage of the system performance, reduce production costs and enhance the Xingjiabi of machines tool . This paper presents an alternative centerless grinding machine technology, that is, through feed surface grinder centerless grinder. In the new method, a compact centerless grinder units, guides, ultrasonic crawler, a blade of their respective holders, mounted in a surface grinder table at the workpiece is fed into and through feed centerless grinding machine operation is performed guides the space between the grinding wheel and the ultrasonic crawler. Ultrasonic crawler, the metal elastic body is bonded to the piezoelectric ceramic production, inclined at a small angle in order to provide sufficient strength to control the rotational movement of the workpiece, and feed the ultrasonic elliptical vibration of the workpiece along its axis. In this article, the movement of the workpiece control we must first ensure that the workpiece speed and feed rate can completely control the ultrasonic crawler, which is a high-precision grinding operation is essential. Then, the main process parameters, such as the eccentric angle of the workpiece, the cutting, the ultrasonic crawler inclination angle of the machining accuracy of the applied voltage amplitude (i.e., the roundness of the cylindrical workpiece and the workpiece) were clarified experiment. The results obtained show that: (1) the workpiece rotational speed can be adjusted by changing the amplitude of the applied voltage, by feedrate can be changed by applying a voltage magnitude and the ultrasonic crawler inclination angle of adjustment; (2) the top of the eccentric angle of 6 , a larger cutting a smaller inclination angle, or the higher the applied voltage is better for higher machining accuracy; (3) and roundness of cylindrical workpiece from the initial value 16.63m 14.86m improvement Finally, the optimum grinding conditions under 1.49 microns and 0.74 microns.Keywords: centerless grinding surface grinding machine ultrasonic vibration track runs through the feed roundness 1 Introduction Centerless grinding machine, high efficiency of the manufacturing process, has been widely used in high-precision, high productivity machining cylindrical parts, such as bearing raceways, ingots, acupuncture device and catheter. In the manufacturing industry, the two types of centerless grinding machine can be purchased: one is to adjust the rollers and track. They are different from one another workpiece is how to support and how to control the workpiece speed grinding. Self-adjusting wheel type centerless grinding machine of the invention by the 1915 Anaheim (yonetsu, 1966), a lot of research has been committed to improve the precision and efficiency. Rowe and Barash (1964) proposed a computer survey methodology inherent the centerless grinder accuracy, taking into account the geometric factors and elastic deflection machine. Rowe et al. (1965) the processing of the experimental elastic parameters. Rowe and koenigsberger (1965), describe a chart and discussion of the method of analysis of a derived stable threshold Working recycled corrugated workpiece in centerless grinding encountered dynamic machine characteristics and geometric effects in the the abrasive operating system configuration. Miyashita Deformation of the contact area and the establishment of conditions of freedom of choice of the dynamic model chatter, Experimental study of high removal rate grinding process and optimize the grinding conditions. Wu et al. (1996) to clarify the effects of grinding parameters by computer simulation methods roundness error. study the geometry of the center rounded below the center centerless grinding machine, in order to assist in the choice of setting conditions. Gold (2003) describes a 3-D grinder model takes into account the contact line between the grinding wheel and the workpiece survey through feed centerless cylindrical formation mechanism of the grinding process. krajnik et al. (2008) developed an analytical model to assist in efficient centerless grinder system settings higher processing flexibility and productivity. drazumeric et al. (2010) discussed and adopted by the feed centerless grinding process simulation in a virtual environment, it is based on the analysis of the grinding gap model grinding gap macro geometry and workpiece dynamics and avoid contact with issues related to the normal operation of the control wheel and the workpiece between loss. On the other hand, crawler-type centerless grinder also attracted the attention from industry and academia. designed the vacuum of hydrostatic crawler increase load capacity and stiffness of the track centerless grinding machine for high-precision applications in a plane. proposed the effectiveness of the dynamic model display hydrostatic crawler improve stability. survey tracked the basis of centerless grinder fixture mechanism system, and presents a theoretical model to predict driving grinding system the ability to resolve the fixture stable. In addition, developed a 2-D geometric model forecast track centerless grinder lobe generation and model analysis of the grinding process. From the production cost point of view, the two types of the centerless grinding machine is very suitable for the production of small species and largevolume the loading / unloading of the workpiece is very easy and fast. However, the centerless grinding machine a special-purpose machines and more expensive, it disadvantages a large variety and small batch production, in recent years, the rapid increase in demand. As a solution to this problem, the authors propose a new centerless grinding machine technology, you can perform surface grinder before. This method is based on the concept of ultrasonic crawler centerless grinding machine developed by Wu et al. (2003, 2004). Method, a compact unit based ultrasonic elliptical vibration crawler, a blade of their respective holders installed on a surface grinder table. This function ultrasonic crawler cylindrical workpiece is held in conjunction with the blade and control the workpiece speed on the end face of the elliptical motion. According to the relative movement of the workpiece grinding wheel, three types of centerless grinding operation is performed in the proposed method type: tangent feed type, feed type, and through the feed. The tangential feed type, Xu. (2010) created, taking into account the model 2-D grinding machine, in order to clarify the elastic deformation of the workpiece rounding process and process parameters workpiece roundness, simulation experiments confirm the results. Further, Wu and Xu (2010) proposed an actual increase in the material removal rate, and the final roundness maintained in the tangential feed of the high-level method. Feed type, Xu and Wu (2011) experiments confirmed its performance a simulated forecastWorkpiece rounding process. The simulation and experimental results obtained show that the eccentric angle 6 , high machining accuracy can be obtained under a lower grinding wheel feed rate, the greater the cutting and faster workpiece rotation speed. The purpose of this document is to verify that feed type centerless grinder surface grinder. To do this, first the corresponding experimental device through the feed type centerless grinding machine is constructed by modifying the second is the existing tangent to feed type workpiece motion control tests to ensure that the speed of the workpiece and into the pass rate can completely control ultrasonic crawler, achieve high-precision grinding operations. Then grinding the actual operation carried out to clarify the effects of the main process parameters, such as the eccentric workpiece stock removal, ultrasonic crawler tilt angle and perspective applied voltage, the amplitude of the machining accuracy, i.e. the cylindrical workpiece round. 2. Surface grinder feed centerless grinding operation principles. Figure 1 illustrates the principle of operation through feed centerless grinding method and detailed experimental device construction. Establish the instrument by installing the grinding unit, composed of an ultrasonic elliptical vibration, the holders of the track, blades and holders, guide plate and the bottom plate to a surface grinder table. Grinding units, the crawler sub-structure bonding the piezoelectric device ceramic (PZT) separated the two electrodes (a and b) to the metal elastomer stainless steel (SUS 304). When both A (AC) signal phase difference (VA = the VP-PSIN (2 feet), VB = VP-PSIN (2 ft +), wherein (more than 20 kHz frequency f and VP-P) and the amplitude AC voltage) application of piezoelectric ceramics, bending and longitudinal ultrasonic vibration is very pleased to ultrasonic crawler. The synthetic vibration displacement in both directions, create an oval face metal elastomer (2005) motion. Therefore, the friction between the ultrasonic track the movement of the workpiece, the elliptical motion can be controlled through the workpiece. Constraints between the workpiece, the grinding wheel, the relative position of the blade and ultrasonic crawler wheel To determine eccentric angle (see Figure 1 (a). When the ultrasonic crawler is parallel to the grinding wheel axis, i.e. gamma = 0 (hereinafter referred to as the tilt angle), the crawler generated by the frictional force FF between the workpiece and the ultrasonic elliptical motion in the x direction only, and is used to control the rotational movement of the workpiece, In the tangential feed type (Wu et al, 2005; Xu et al, 2010), and the feed type (2011) centerless grinder, so that the circumferential speed of the workpiece the same as the track surface of the end face of the bending vibration velocity. However, through the feed type centerless grinding the workpiece need not only rotational movement, but also through the feed motion along the z-direction, and therefore the ultrasonic crawler is, in a small angle of inclination, i.e. gamma 0 (see Figure 1 (a), to provide adequate components FFA, friction, to control the workpiece through the feed motion. As can be seen, in traditional feed centerless grinder small taper lead size grinding wheel across a greater area of the wheel major stock removal shown in FIG. 1 (b), wherein the the trimming depth and HD trimming length. After the wheel, set at a given distance from the ultrasonic crawler track on the end face, the workpiece is located in the space between the grinding wheel and the ultrasonic crawler guides and Fed. Once the interference with the workpiece clockwise rotation of the actual action of the grinding wheel in the axial direction into the NW direction of the wheel speed of the workpiece in a VFA feed rate. Once the workpiece through the trimming area, the desired stock removal rate and the spark process begins, until it loses contact with the grinding wheel. In addition, the blade is wedge angle (often referred to as the blade angle) and the value of 60 degrees is generally set in the best workpiece Harrison and Pierce (2004) rounded prove. Experimental apparatus and the workpiece motion control test.The competitiveness of the manufacturing sector from the early to reduce labor costs, the cost of the product, to improve the overall efficiency and the quality of competition, development to fully meet customer requirements, and actively develop new products competition, will face knowledge - Technical - product update cycle more short, bulk products are getting smaller and smaller, and higher requirements for quality, performance, and community growing awareness of environmental protection, green manufacturing. Agility and state-of-the-art manufacturing technology will become the primary means for enterprises to win the competition and survival and development. The combination of computer information technology and manufacturing automation technology is more and more closely as automated flexible production based CNC machine tools in the production of machine tools, the proportion will be more and more. A Reality and CNC surface grinder, CNC grinding with respect to machine tools, milling CNC system later, because of his special requirements CNC system. Over the last decade, with the help of CNC technology, continuous rest of the grinder wheel, automatic compensation, automatic exchange wheel, multi-table, automatic transmission and workpiece clamping operation project to be realized, the gradual spread of the CNC surface grinder. In this years Hannover, Tokyo, Chicago, and domestic large-scale machine tool exhibition, CNC grinder the entire grinder exhibits accounted for most, such as the German Blohm, ELB company famous grinder factory no longer produced in the ordinary grinder, Japan Okamoto , Nikko mass production of full-function CNC grinding, while the development of high-end CNC grinding actively made Hanzhong, low-grade CNC grinding. ELB production of Germany a few years ago Brilliant series of two coordinate CNC grinder, vertical and horizontal axis CNC vertical hydraulic control wheel dresser diamond wheel mounted on a workbench, a wider scope of application; SUPER-BRILLIANT series coordinate CNC Surface and Profile Grinding Machines, bed made of natural granite, geometry, high precision, rail linear motion guide, mechanical drive recoil, thus ensuring better workpiece surface finish; the Brilliant-Future for more than two series of improved products, bed made of artificial granite the longitudinal hydrostatic guideway, toothed belt drive, vertical and horizontal expensive for pre-loading straight-line rolling guide, ball screw drive, three-axis CNC control AC servo motor , 0.5um measurement resolution. The ELB development grinder contemporary technology, mechatronics and computer technology-based CAM-MASTER series of flexible manufacturing, CAD-MASTER and COMPACT-Master series grinding machining centers, control shaft up to up to 24 axes, In addition, as the full implementation of the modular design, the special grinder manufacturing cycle shortened the ELB company has also developed a variety of high-efficiency grinder, such as SFVGA100 / special grinder, grinding head can be tilted, continuous rest, creep feed oblique plunge grinding, with eleven CNC control axis, like a grinding center. The British Jones & Shipman company developed with the United States AB, A-B8600 CNC system for FORMAT5 CNC grinding, CNC control hydraulic valves, driven longitudinal movement speed, horizontal and grinding feed the ball screw, DC servo motor drive, intermittent wheel dresser, CRT graphics simulation. Also with other types of numerical control system, in order to meet the needs of different users. With the continuous improvement of semiconductor integration, the new system in shape is getting smaller and smaller, and more compact structure, function remote communication, remote diagnostics, multi-machine network; operator interface to the Windows system close to to increase mouse, remote control, operation, FANUC this year, mainly Release 18I, 16I, .20 I, 21I system, SIEMENS 840D, 810D, 803D are compact system. Some manufacturers, such as: Taiwan Precision Machinery Research & Development Center the open PA800NT Series CNC controller, the use of the core of the Windows NC operating system, and NT timely multi-tasking, single program processing speed of up to 2000 / s, single pre- the read processing up to 1000, with AART (preconditioning regulation technology) and parameter optimization learning function, can follow the error approaches zero, the software processing path filters can reduce the cutting process, due to the acceleration change large mechanical resonance, thereby improving surface roughness salvation; equipped with servo flexibility, with + and - 10V analog servo interface, SERCOS digital servo communication interface while providing international standards; PLC programming ladder structure statement, the function block, the command code, flowcharts five syntax, ease of design, communication and maintenance; computer remote communications, real-time remote maintenance functions; axis and spindle control can be expanded to up to 64 axes, I / O can be expanded to 792/528, Pentium processor, a high degree of PLC processing speed reached 25k. Produced many professional plant has been developed in addition to the famous SIEMENS FAUNC CNC system used in plane or profile grinding system in the world, some grinding plant also actively developed the numerical control system applicable to their grinder. Main: Siemens SINUMERIK840D system, the system has more than twenty servo axis coordinate continuous stroke control, manual data entry or computer through an external input, remote diagnostics, can be reduced with the grinding wheel diameter changes stroke, wheel dresser automatically compensation, ball screw gap error compensation. Siemens 3G system is developed into a grinding, equipped with operating tips device used to man-machine dialogue, but also for linear and circular interpolation, the axis is tilted, the grinding often run cycle, If the spindle swing, using an external signal to interrupt program execution, wheel cut, wheel dressing and other special preparation functions, preparation of fixed cycle program. It not only can use the external measuring apparatus (switching signal), and also when the link to a suitable measuring head can go directly to the control means to be compared with the final dimensions. The Alley-BRANDLY production CNC 8400CNC, 8600CNC series, suitable for lathes, milling machines and grinding machines, the 8400CNC up to control six servo axes, any 2-axis circular interpolation, any 3-axis helical interpolation, 8-bit control axes and a spindle with a graphical display, branch expansion program, display processing time, high-speed program verification tool life monitoring function. FANUC LTD of Japan has developed a the OG high-speed high-performance CNC system, which O-GSG applies to the surface grinder, grinding parts of different shapes, four different grinding wheel axis angle tilt control function, snagging, crude grinding, fine grinding, spark-out grinding a set of grinding cycles, wheel rolling corrected position compensation function, dresser with respect to trim round the normal direction control, trimming the outer edge of the wheel radius compensation, wheel shape graphics display functions and grinding parameters display lights, minimum set unit 0.1um, CNC system is a compact, lower prices. There are also such as Germany ELB University jointly developed by UNICON system. Japan Okuma Iron Works OSP5000G-G is able to control up to nine coordinates, of which six coordinates can be linked with the 12-inch color display, man-machine dialogue programming, automatically determines the cutting coefficient can use the soft keyboard input into the FMS system, the minimum pulse equivalent, the mobile equivalent and detection equivalent are to 0.1um, the grinding also uses a closed loop inductosyn. There grinding factory CNC system OEMs, but self-developed software, use it more suitable for flat and profile grinding, such as the German the JUNG company Siemens SINUMERIK810, based on using the companys proprietary software, programming Jung KONTUR Language molding trim wheel and graphics auxiliary operation. Okamoto, Japan FANUC CNC system hardware development the OPL language for grinding, and so on. Todays linear motor, balancing the increasing development of technology, process should greatly improve the ergonomics of the machine, the development and utilization of appropriate measurement techniques the application of numerical control system, enhance the machines electrical automation control functions even more powerful. Second, the of domestic CNC magic level development of China from the 1980s to the production of CNC surface grinder, development manufacturers gone through a self-developed, developed in cooperation with universities and research institutes to the path of development of the direct introduction of a mature numerical control system. Hangzhou Machine Tool Plant is a company with 50 years of history, specializing in the production of the manufacturer of surface grinding machine from the mid-1980s, it began producing CNC grinding, has developed and produced KGK7132 horizontal spindle and rectangular high-precision grinding, MK7130 series CNC flat grinding, the MLK7140 CNC creep feed profile grinding MGK7120, MK7163, MK7150 horizontal spindle and rectangular table CNC flat grinding, hanging scroll CNC MKY7760 end face grinding, MKY7660, MKY7650/101 horizontal axis CNC double-end mill, and HZ-K610, HZ-L2010 -HZ-050 CNC HZ-KD-2010, HZ-3015, HZ-K3020, HZ-K4020 dedicated CNC gantry plane and rail grinder. The development and application of numerical control system, developed in cooperation with universities and research institutes SBC system, self-developed single-chip host a simple control system and the use of statements CNC CNC OEMs production system. Its production the MGK7120 high-precision grinding Japan FUNUC the POWER Mate-D dual-axis control system to control the grinding feed, the minimum feed amount 0.1um, with automatic grinding cycle. MKY7650/101 automatic CNC double-end grinder thing with Italy VIOTTO to technical cooperation products, Siemens SIMATIC S5-115U programmable controller to control, CRT display, the left and right of the machine tools, grinding head is driven by two-axis DC servo motor, machine tools capable of manual adjustment and automatic grinding cycle selection. , Italy the E9 Maerduosi measurement system is equipped with two measuring probe, a measuring wheel, the the wheel grinder loss amount of feedback to the control system, the wheel compensation; another measuring head measures the workpiece after grinding, and the measurement result is input control system by the servo motor the compensation feed, left, right wheelhead with VIOTTO grating for position measurement and control, to achieve a full closed-loop and automatic processing machine fed from the workpiece on completion of the grinding. Dry the HZ-050CNC CNC Spur rolling rail grinder, special grinder with the production of key industrial scientific and technological projects and the development of Shanghai Science and Technology. Both surface grinding another form grinding function, which uses the U.S. AB 8400MP CNC production system, the machine has seven CNC axes X, Y, Z three grinding feed axis and U, V, M three The wheel dresser shaft directly controlled by the system, another axis Q is a horizontal grinding wheel infeed (surface grinding) SLC programmable controller and IMC positioning module by the system I / O port input the 8400MP host, control its position, rest wheel or gap continuous grinding wheel dressing compensation feed automatically processing capacity. HZ-KD2010 six-axis CNC gantry double grinding head surface grinder, FANUC-OMC CNC system with four CNC axes control the horizontal and vertical feed of the two grinding head, grinding wheel peripheral grinding head with a PMC axis control rest of diamond pen feed, rotary indexing other PMC axis control universal grinding head, take full advantage of the system performance, reduce production costs, improve the machines cost-effective. In our previous work (Wu et al, 2004; Xu, 2010), has confirmed that the rotational movement of the workpiece ultrasonic crawler and peripheral speed and control the maximum speed of the bending vibration depends on the tracks end. However, through the inlet to the heart, polishing, not only the vicinity of the speed, but also through the the feedrate workpiece need to be precisely controlled in order to achieve high-precision grinding. To this end, the existing grinding device tangential feed and feed type centerless grinding machine (Wu Xu and Wu, 2011), 2005; modify add guide plate and tilt the ultrasonic small-angle track, and the workpiece motion control test. 3.1 Experimental setup(Sergeant Nagase, 315rpa on a CNC surface grinder table INTEGREX cooperation, LTD.), As shown by the experimental device installed modified feed type centerless grinding units established grinding. 2. AC power supply wave function generator (wf1944 NF) and two power amplifiers (NF group 4010) to generate two-phase AC voltage for PZT create elliptical vibration of the ultrasonic face crawler. Grinding operation procedures are as follows: First, the grinding unit constraints workpiece fixed on the table, its status and the right or carefully adjust the table to the left movement, so eccentric angle at a given value, and then, the stock market clear I by adjusting the gap between the grinding wheel and the worktable, the workpiece is located in the space between the guide plate is fed through feed centerless grinding operation; Finally, after the workpiece through the trimming area spark grinding process, the grinding wheel and the implementation of the ultrasonic crawler grinding wheel until it passes. 3.2 workpiece motion control test In our previous work (Wu et al, 2005), it has been confirmed that the actual motion of the upper end surface in the ultrasonic crawler and is usually equal to the frictional force between the workpiece in an oval ultrasonic vibration generating synthetic bending vibration and the longitudinal vibration, the surface of the workpiece speed control Maximum the crawler bending vibration velocity VBmax (= 2 fab, wherein f is the frequency of the AC voltage is applied and AB is the end face of the track surface of the bending vibration amplitude). Accordingly, the circumferential speed of the workpiece and the feed rate VFA can be expressed as follows:vw = vbmax cos = 2fAb cosvfa = vbmax sin = 2_fAb sin (1) to give the tilt angle gamma ultrasonic vibration frequency f workpiece diameter, workpiece speed NW DW (= VW / DW), and feed rate can be expected-VFA. (1) the actual bending amplitude AB has been known as track face with. Therefore, the value of AB with a laser Doppler vibrometer systems to measure (LV-1610 Ono measured), and figs. 3 shows the conditions obtained by applying a voltage amplitude of VP-P, and the relationship between bending vibration amplitude AB-F = 46.7 kHz, = 35 , it can be seen, an increase of 0.055 mm AB value monotonic M 0.143 VP-P increased, from 30 V to 110 V. These data on behalf of AB. (1) the generated prediction shown in Figure NW and VFA values. 4 and 5. Obviously, the workpiece speed NW, VFA prediction feedrate increases monotonically with the applied voltage increases, but the influence of the inclination angle of the crawler not appear in the speed of rotation of the workpiece. In order to confirm the prediction, the actual speed by carrying out the measurement of watering and feeding speed workpiece the VFA workpiece movement control tests. In the test, the needle cylinder (diameter 4X length 8 mm) long workpiece K-grade cement is used as the cemented carbide rod (TH10). During the test, the high-speed digital camera records the motion of the workpiece (VW-6000 by KEYENCE cooperation. Co., Ltd.), NW speed recording from the workpiece, the feed rate the VFA to use the animated image processing software motion video (video editing KEYENCE cooperation. Co., Ltd.). The application of the AC voltage is the same in the bending vibration amplitude measurements, and other conditions are listed in Table 1. The result is to draw the same number of figs. As predicted by 4 and 5 were compared. Obviously, from Figure 4 (a) and 5 (a), the net weight of the actual value of the nw prediction NW increase the actual speed 73 rpm 207 rpm, the applied voltage VP-P increased from 30 V to 110 V tilt angle can be seen on the the NW actual value. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4 (b) and 5 (B) the actual feedrate VFA change monotone applied voltage VP-P and the tilt angle increases. However, some differences between the discovery the VFA and prediction of the actual value. This phenomenon can be noted that in the lead area resistance grinding wheel slows down the actual workpiece feed rate. The results of the test mentioned earlier workpiece motion control means, adjustable workpiece speed NW its feed changes by changing the applied voltage of VP-P is applied to both the voltage can be adjusted rate VFA, VP-P, and the inclination angle, which means that the workpiece movement can be controlled the ultrasonic elliptical motion track, make full use of the system performance, reduce production costs, improve the machines cost-effective.中文译文数控系统在平面磨床上应用现状与发展趋势雷蒙德库珀现代工业生产中，中、小批量零件的生产占产品数量的比例越来越高，零件的复杂性和精度要求迅速提高，传统的普通机床已经越来越难以适应现代化生产的要求，而数控机床具有高精度、高效率、一机多用，可以完成复杂型面加工过程的特点，特别是计算机技术的迅猛发展并广泛应用于数控系统中，数控装置的主要功能几乎全有软件来实现，硬件几乎能通用，从而使其更具加工柔性，功能更加强大。制造业的竞争已从早期降低劳动力成本、产品成本，提高企业整体效率和质量的竞争，发展到全面满足顾客要求，积极开发新产品的竞争，将面临知识技术产品的更新周期越来越短，产品批量越来越小，而对质量、性能的要求更高，同时社会对环境保护、绿色制造的意识不断加强。因此敏捷先进的制造技术将成为企业赢得竞争和生存、发展的主要手段。计算机信息技术和制造自动化技术的结合越来越紧密，作为自动化柔性生产重要基础的数控机床在生产机床中所占比例将越来越多。 数控平磨现状及主要数控系统平面磨床相对于机床、铣床等采用数控系统较晚，因为他对数控系统的特殊要求。近十几年来，借助CNC技术，磨床上砂轮的连续休整，自动补偿，自动交换砂轮，多工作台，自动传送和装夹工件等操作工程得以实现，数控技术在平面磨床上的逐步普及。在今年汉诺威、东京、芝加哥、及国内等大型机床展览会上，CNC磨床在整个磨床展品已占大多数，如德国BLOHM公司，ELB公司等著名磨床制造厂已经不再生产普通磨床，日本的冈本，日兴等公司也成批生产全功能CNC平磨，在开发高档数控平磨的同时，积极发汉中、低档数控平磨。前几年德国ELB公司生产的BRILLIANT系列二坐标CNC成型磨床，其垂直和横向为数控轴，纵向为液压控制，砂轮修整采用安装在工作台上的金刚石滚轮，适用范围较广；SUPER-BRILLIANT系列是三坐标CNC平面和成型磨床，床身用天然花岗岩制成，几何精度较高，导轨用直线滚动导轨，机械驱动无反冲，从而保证工件有较好的表面光洁度；BRILLIANT-FUTURE为以上二个系列的改进产品，床身用人造花岗岩制成，纵向用静压导轨，齿形带传动，垂直和横向都贵为预加荷直线滚动导轨，滚珠丝杠传动，三轴CNC控制AC伺服电机，0.5um的测量分辨率。同时ELB公司开发了具有当代最新技术的磨床产品，即以机电一体化和计算机技术为基础的CAM-MASTER系列柔性加工单元，CAD-MASTER系列和COMPACT-MASTER系列磨削加工中心，控制轴最多可达24轴，另外由于全面推行模块化设计，使专用磨床制造周期缩短，ELB公司还开发了多种高效专用磨床，如SFVGA100/2专用磨床，具有可倾斜磨头，连续休整，缓进给，斜切入磨削功能，用十一根CNC控制轴，如同一台磨加工中心。同时还可以配用其他型号的数控系统，以满足不同用户的需求。目前，随着半导体集成度的不断提高，新推出的系统在外形上越来越小，结构上越来越紧凑，功能上增加了远程通讯，远程诊断，多机联网等等；操作界面向WINDOWS系统靠近，增加鼠标，遥控器等操作件，FANUC公司今年主要推出18I,16I,.20I，21I系统，SIEMENS是840D、810D、803D均为结构紧凑型系统。还有一些厂商如：台湾精密机械研究发展中心开发的PA800NT系列CNC控制器，就使用了WINDOWS NC操作系统，和NT及时多工处理核心，单节程序处理速度达2000块/秒，单节预读处理数可达1000块，具有AART（预适应调节技术）及参数最佳化学习功能，可使跟随误差趋近于零，软件加工路径滤波器可降低切削过程中，因加速度变化过大所产生的机械共振，从而改善表面粗超度；配用伺服灵活，具备+，- 10V类比伺服界面，同时提供国际标准的SERCOS数字伺服通讯界面；PLC程序设计有梯形图，结构语句、功能块、指令码、流程图等五种语法，便于设计、沟通和维护；具有计算机远程通讯，即时远程维护功能；控制轴和主轴最多可扩展到64轴，I/O可扩展到792/528点，采用奔腾处理器，高度PLC处理速度达到25K。世界上除有名的SIEMENS、FAUNC等数控系统专业厂已经开发生产了许多使用于平面或成型磨削的系统外，一些平磨生产厂本身也积极开发了适用于其磨床的数控系统。主要有：西门子公司的SINUMERIK840D系统，该系统具有二十多根伺服轴，坐标连续行程控制，手动数据输入或通过外部计算机输入，远程诊断，可随砂轮直径减小而变化行程，砂轮修整量自动补偿，滚珠丝杠间隙误差补偿等。西门子3G系统更是转为磨削加工而开发的，装有用来人机对话的操作提示装置，在轴线倾斜时，也可进行直线和圆弧插补，在磨削中经常出现的运行循环，如主轴摆动，用外部信号中断执行程序，砂轮切入，砂轮修整等专用准备功能，编制固定循环程序。其不仅能使用外部测量装置（开关信号），还能当链接上一个适合的测量头时能直接去控制装置与最终尺寸进行比较。美国ALLEY-BRANDLY公司生产的8400CNC、8600CNC数控系列，适用于车床、铣床和磨床，其8400CNC最多可控制六根伺服轴，任2轴可进行圆弧插补，任3轴可进行螺旋线插补，8个位控制轴及1个主轴，具有图形显示，扩展分支程序，显示加工时间，高速程序校验，刀具寿命监测等功能。日本FANUC公司开发了OG高速高性能数控系统，其中O-GSG适用于平面磨床，可根据磨削零件不同形状，有四种不同的磨削方法，具有砂轮轴角度倾斜控制功能，荒磨、粗磨、精磨、无火花磨削一整套磨削循环，砂轮滚压修正后位置补偿功能，修整器相对于被修整轮法线方向控制功能，修整滚轮外缘圆弧半径补偿功能，砂轮形状图形显示功能及磨削参数显示灯，系统最小设定单位0.1um ，属“紧凑”型数控系统，价格较低。另外还有如德国ELB公司与大学联合研制的UNICON系统。日本大隈铁工所OSP5000G-G最多可控制9个坐标，其中6个坐标可联动，带12英寸彩显，人机对话编程，自动确定切削系数，可采用软键盘输入，纳入FMS系统，最小脉冲当量、移动当量和检测当量均为0.1um，平磨上还采用了感应同步器全闭环方式。还有的平磨制造厂虽然采用数控主机厂的系统，但自行开发软件，使用之更适合平面和成型磨削，如德国JUNG公司以西门子SINUMERIK810为基础，采用该公司专用软件，用JUNG KONTUR编程语言对砂轮进行成型修整，并有图形辅助操作功能。日本冈本公司在FANUC公司数控系统硬件上，开发了OPL语言用于磨削加工，等等。当今直线电机、动平衡技术、工艺的日益发展应有，又大大提高了机床的工效，适宜的测量技术应用对数控系统的开发利用，增强机床的电器自动化控制功能如虎添翼。一、 国内数控平魔的发展我国从80年代开始生产数控平面磨床，各开发厂家分别走过了自行研制，与大学及科研单位合作开发至直接引进成熟数控系统的发展道路。如杭州机床厂是一家具有五十年历史，专业生产平面磨床的制造厂，它从80年代中期开始生产数控平磨，先后开发生产了KGK7132卧轴矩台高精度平磨，MK7130系列普通数控平磨，MLK7140数控缓进给成型磨，MGK7120、MK7163、MK7150卧轴矩台数控平磨，MKY7760立轴数控双端面磨，MKY7660、MKY7650/101卧轴数控双端面磨，以及HZ-K610,HZ-L2010,-HZ-050 CNC,HZ-KD2010、HZ-3015、HZ-K3020、HZ-K4020等专用数控龙门式平面与导轨磨床。数控系统的开发应用，有与大专院校及科研单位合作研制的单板机系统，也有自行开发的以单片机为主机的简易控制系统，及采用数控主机厂生产的陈述数控系统等。其生产的MGK7120高精度平磨，采用了日本FUNUC公司的POWER MATE-D双轴控制系统，控制磨头进给，最小进给量0.1um，具有自动完成磨削循环功能。MKY7650/101全自动数控双端面磨床事与意大利VIOTTO公司技术合作产品，采用西门子SIMATIC S5-115U 可编程控制器控制，CRT显示，机床的左右，磨头由二轴直流伺服电机驱动，机床能进行手动调整和自动磨削循环选择。配有意大利马尔多斯E9型测量系统，二个测量头，一个测量砂轮，将砂轮磨床损量反馈给控制系统，进行砂轮补偿；另一个测量头测量磨削后的工件，并将测量结果输入控制系统，由伺服电机进行补偿进给，左、右磨头用VIOTTO光栅作位置测量控制，实现了整机从工件上料到磨削完毕的全闭环和全自动加工。HZ-KD2010六轴数控龙门式双磨头平面磨床，采用FANUC-OMC数控系统，用四根CNC轴分别控制两个磨头的横向和垂直进给，用一根PMC轴控制周边磨头的砂轮休整期金刚笔进给，另一根PMC轴控制万能磨头的分度旋转，充分利用了系统性能，降低生产成本，提高了机床的性价比。 一种替代无心磨床技术，即通过进给使用平面磨床无心磨床。在新的方法，一个紧凑的无心磨床单位，导板，超声波履带，一个刀片，其各自持有人组成，安装在一个平面磨床工作台，并通过进给的无心磨床操作执行导板位于工件被送入空间之间的砂轮和超声波履带。超声波履带，粘接到金属弹性体的压电陶瓷器件生产，在小角度倾斜，以便提供足够的力量来控制工件的旋转运动，并沿其轴线养活超声波椭圆振动的工件。在本文中，工件的运动控制测试进行首先要确保工件转速和通过进给率可以完全控制超声波履带，这是进行高精度磨削操作是必不可少的。然后，主要工艺参数，如工件的偏心角，切削，超声波履带倾斜角度的加工精度（即工件的圆柱和工件的圆度）施加电压幅度的影响进行了澄清实验。所获得的结果表明：（1）工件转速可以通过改变外加电压幅度调整，而其通过进给率可以通过改变施加电压的幅度和超声波履带倾斜角度调整;（2）最佳偏心角为6，一个更大的切削，一个较小的倾斜角度，或更高的外加电压是更好地为更高的加工精度;（3）工件的圆柱度和圆度从初始值16.63m和14.86m的改善最后的最佳磨削条件下的1.49微米和0.74微米。 另一方面，履带型无心磨床也有吸引了来自工业和学术界的关注。设计了一个平面真空静水履带增加高精度应用的负载能力和刚度履带无心磨床。杨等人。提出了动态模型展示静水的成效为提高稳定性的履带。调查履带无心磨床的基础夹具机制系统，并提出了一个理论模型来预测驾驶粉磨系统解决夹具稳定的能力。开发的2-D几何模型预测履带无心磨床的凸角的生成和与模型分析了磨削过程。 从生产成本角度来看，两种类型的无心磨床是非常适合为小品种和largevolume的生产，因为装载/卸载工件是非常容易和快速。然而，无心磨床一种特殊用途的机器和比较昂贵的，把它在缺点为大品种和小批量的生产，近年来迅速增加的需求。作为一种解决方案这个问题。（2005年）提出一个新的无心磨床技术，可以在执行平面磨床，以前。这种方法是基于概念超声波履带无心磨床由吴等人开发的。（2003年，2004年）。的方法，一个紧凑的单元为主的超声波椭圆振动履带，一个刀片，其各自持有人安装在一个平面磨床工作台。该函数超声波履带是结合举行的圆柱形工件与刀片，并控制工件转速其上端面的椭圆运动。根据磨削工件的相对运动车轮，三种类型无心磨床操作执行中所提出的方法：切线，进给类型，进给类型，并通过进给类型。切向进给类型（2010年）创建的，考虑到模型2-D磨床加工系统，以澄清工件的弹性变形四舍五入的过程和工艺参数的影响工件的圆度，模拟实验证实结果。进一步，吴某和徐某（2010）提出了一个实际为增加材料去除率，而最终的工件圆度保持在切向进料型的高层次的方法。在进给类型，徐和吴（2011）实验证实它的性能提出了一个模拟的方法预测工件四舍五入过程。得到的仿真和实验结果表明，在偏心角时为6，高加工精度可以得到下一