AnIntroductiontoDatabaseSystems资料库系统.ppt

1,An Introduction to Database Systems 資料庫系統,陳日昌 Fall 2009,2,Contents 內容綱要,Introduction (1 wk) SQL: DML and DDL (4 wks) Constraints and Triggers (1 wk), E/R modeling (2 wks) and E/R CASE Tool (2 wks) Functional Dependencies (1 wk), Sqlite or Postgres (optional) Drills and Exams,3,Why learn this? 我可以學到什麼？,目標 資料庫系統的基本知識 操作資料庫的方法 (Data Manipulation) 分析並定義資料庫 (Modeling and Definition) 程式介面 (Programming Interface) 工作與就業能力,4,Prerequisites 預修與要件,Data structures 基本的資料結構知識 C/C+ programming language 作業系統操作與概念 平台: MS Windows或Linux MySQL: Oracle (甲骨文): Feb. 2008 SUN acquired MySQL ($1Bn), July 2009 Oracle acquired SUN ($7.4Bn) Watch out!,5,Syllabus 授課規定,時間：每週三小時 Textbook 課本：講義與Internet 作業就是考試題目 課堂時間規定：請尊重他人權益 聯絡：.tw Subject: DB4S主旨 例如: DB4S考試時間?,6,主要參考書與網路資料,Database Systems The Complete Book, (“DSCB”) Garcia-Molina, Ullman, Widom Jeff Ullmans offering of the CS145 course in the Autumn of 2004 Chap 1-2 Free Download 滄海書局,7,圖書館指定參考書,“Database Design, Application Development & Administration,” 2nd Ed. Michael V. Mannino 資料庫管理設計及其應用 翻譯：劉金順 普林斯頓 出版 高立圖書,8,經典教課書,An Introduction to Database Systems, Eighth Edition by C.J. Date,9,Course Website 講義資料,.tw/jctan/ 請自行查看講義並下載軟體 .tw/ 多媒體補救教學資料 有關英文 從Keywords關鍵字學起 把握技術英文以及常用字：一再出現才查 正確觀念：不必恐懼或崇拜,10,Grading 作業與考試評分,Midterm 50 pts, Final 40 pts, other 10 pts 上機實作考試 Open book and notes No discussion, no communication (獨立作業) 1 makeup* 作弊？ 當掉！沒有補考或補救方法 延畢？ 依照校規處理,11,Questions?,歡迎提問,12,“Database Systems? Why?”,什麼是資料庫系統？ 為何需要這樣的系統？,13,Chapter 1 (DSCB) The Worlds of Database Systems,Databases are everywhere! Internal records and management 內部管理 Presenting data (e.g., WWW) Scientific or engineering data Specialized software for this is called a database management system, DBMS, or simply “database system.”,14,Key Features,Persistent storage more than a file system Programming interface through a powerful query language Transaction management supports concurrent, i.e., simultaneous, access to data by multiple processes (called “transactions” 交易),15,“What is a database?”,通常只是持續存在多年的一些資訊 常識上而言 由DBMS管理的一些資訊 DBMS通常能夠提供以下功能 經由Data-Definition Language (DDL)定義新資料庫或稱Schema 經由Data-Manipulation Language (DML)或稱Query Language讓使用者詢問或修改 大量資料、長時間、多使用者 同時使用,16,The Evoluation,Since late 1960s, evolved from file systems Early important applications Airline Reservation Systems Seat Reservation, Assignment, Cancellation, etc. Flight information Concurrent processing Banking Systems ATM,17,“Relational Databases” Ted Codd, 1970,A simple view of data in tables or called relations,18,DSCB Example,A relation named Accounts,欄位名稱Attributes (屬性) 如accountNo, balance, type.,資料列稱為Rows或Tuples,19,Some Queries,要查帳號67890的餘額 SELECT balance FROM Accounts WHERE accountNo = 67890 要查儲蓄餘額為負的帳號 SELECT accountNo FROM Accounts WHERE type=saving AND balance 0 存取、處理詢問、增進處理效率等問題都交給資料庫管理系統,20,需求演變,小型化 在低價電腦上能普遍應用 大型化 資料越來越多；超大容量 三級貯存系統 (Tertiary Storage) Primary Storage? Secondary Storage? (also RAID) Parallel Computing (平行計算) Multiprocessors, GRID,21,Client-Server and Multi-Tier Architecture,客戶-伺服器 Two-Tier (兩層) 到 Three-Tier (三層) Client-Webserver-DBMS Four-Tier (四層) Client-Web server-Application Server-DBMS More,22,Embedded Databases,不區分客戶-伺服器，附帶於單一程式內 例如SQLite () 使用於： Mozilla (browser) Symbian (Smartphone OS) iPhone (Apple smartphone) gPhone (Google smartphone),23,Multimedia Data,Video, images, audio, and other “signals.” “BLOB” (BLock Of Binary) data type How to search for a particular blob data? For example, google image search OO (Object Oriented) approach Multimedia data delivery is not conventional; 音樂/電影資料庫的播放,24,XML Databases,XML (eXtensible Markup Language) as the data definition language (DDL) Flexible Web (http) oriented but not limited to web,25,Overview of a DBMS (Fig. 1.1, DSCB),DML processing Query compiler Execution engine File manager, buffer manager, storage manager Transaction processing Transaction man