(新课标)2014高三英语总复习语法专项突破六课件北师大版.ppt

语法专项突破(六) 名词性从句和虚拟语气 一、名词性从句 表1 名词性从句的连接词,【特别提醒】 无论什么从句,都是陈述语序(包括定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、主语从句),高考体验 1. (2012湖南)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when,答案 C 解析 句意：村里的每个人都很友善，和你在此居住的时间长短没有关系。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语,真正的主语是其后面的从句。根据句意以及从句中最后的or a long time可知，此处C项正确。,2. (2012江西)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that,答案 D 解析 句意：他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室里了。句首的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，that引导主语从句在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。,3. (2012新课标全国)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what,答案 D 解析 句意：总统能做点儿什么来结束这场罢工根本不清楚。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，代替的是后面的主语从句，在主语从句中，及物动词do需要宾语，所以应选用连接代词what引导该从句。,4. (2011江西)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which,答案 C 解析 句意；她带着游客参观着这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。the construction of(的建筑), which指代the museum。,5. (2012辽宁)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever,答案 C 解析 句意:这位新来的人前几天进入一家图书馆搜寻他能找到的有关马克吐温的东西。此处为介词for后面的宾语从句，且从句中缺少及物动词find的宾语，故排除A项和B项。whichever侧重在已知项中进行选择,不合句意。故C项正确。,6. (2012四川)Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether,答案 B 解析 句意：科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制作电脑。此句中指大脑运转的方式，因此应选用how引导宾语从句。,7. (2012北京)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether,答案 C 解析 句意：杰瑞不后悔作出评论，但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中起连接作用，且不需要什么意义，所以选C项。,8. (2012江苏)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. A. when B. that C. whether D. how,答案 B 解析 空后的句意说明了通知的内容，所以选择的是notice后面同位语从句的引导词，由于从句意义完整，不需要句子成分，所以应选用连接词that。,9. (2012浙江)I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how,答案 C 解析 分析句子结构可知,that在此处引导同位语从句，解释说明promise的内容。that引导同位语从句时，不作成分，也不可省略。,10. (2012重庆)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that,答案 D 解析 句意：几年的研究表明，孩子早期的睡眠问题很可能在他们长大之后继续存在。“ _ childrens early . grow up”在题中作evidence的同位语，解释evidence的内容。为同位语从句，且为陈述句，应用that来引导。故选D项。,11. (2011重庆)It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where,答案 A 解析 句意：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether, whether . or not意为“是否”。,12. (2011江西)The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. A. this B. that C. what D. which,答案 C 解析 句意：村民们已经知道我们要做的事是重修这座桥。分析句子结构可知，known后的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句，该从句缺少引导词并且从句中do缺少宾语，故用what,意为“的事情”。this不能引导从句；that在名词性从句中不作句子成分；which强调哪一个，不符合句意。,13. (2011山东)Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which,答案 C 解析 句意：我们给她提供了那份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。where“哪儿”；what“什么”；whether“是否”；which“哪一个”。只有whether符合句意，故选C。,14. (2011北京)The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why,答案 A 解析 句意：这一惊人的消息使我意识到我们将会面临什么样的可怕的问题。根据宾语从句中被修饰的名词problems可知，应该选用连接代词what,what连接宾语从句且作定语，修饰problems,故选项A正确。how后面的中心词应该是形容词或者副词；that只连接从句，在从句中不作成分；why用于修饰或说明谓语动词，作状语。,15. (2011重庆)It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. A. whose B. what C. which D. that,答案 B 解析 句意：对于公众来说，明白一项新的发明对人类生活有什么用途并不是一件容易的事。what use作be of的宾语，故选B。,16. (2011四川)Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which,答案 C 解析 句意：我们的老师总是告诉我们如果想成功，我们就要相信我们所做的和我们是谁。why“为什么”，在从句中充当原因状语；how“如何”，在从句中充当方式状语；what“什么”，此处指代物，充当从句中do的宾语，语法、语意均符合要求；which“哪一个”，可引导宾语从句，可充当宾语，但表达选择含义，语意不符。,17. (2011山东)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why,答案 D 解析 句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子hes more of a talker than a doer;在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。,18. (2011陕西)Id like to start my own business thats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what,答案 D 解析 句意：我想创办我自己的公司如果我有钱，那是我想做的事情。句中 _ Id do if I had the money为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选择连接代词what。which哪一个，与题意不符。A、B两项为连接副词，不能作宾语。,19. (2011天津)Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. A. what B. which C. that D. where,答案 C 解析 句意：现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。这是一个主从复合句，evidence后的从句是evidence的同位语，对evidence起解释说明的作用，且该从句语意完整，故用that引导同位语从句。而what, which, where均在从句中充当一定的句子成分。,20. (2011辽宁)When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because,答案 C 解析 句意：当传来战争爆发的消息的时候，他决定去参军。the war broke out是news的具体内容，因此这是同位语从句，作news的同位语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用连接词that。that引导同位语从句虽不作任何成分，但不能省略。,21. (2010全国卷)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where,答案 D 解析 句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考查宾语从句，根据句意，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。,22. (2010全国卷) Have you finished the book? No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. A. which B. what C. that D. where,答案 D 解析 考查宾语从句。up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。,23. (2012安徽)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live,答案 D 解析 句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话，就不能经常见到她的父母了。由句意可知，这是对将来事情的虚拟。故主句中要用“would+动词原形”，条件句中可以用were to do，一般过去时态或者should+do。所以只有D项符合题意。,24. (2012北京)We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced,答案 C 解析 句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我?could have done sth.“本可以做某事”；should do sth.“应该做某事”;might do sth.“可能做某事”；must have done sth.“一定做某事”，表推测根据句意可知选C项。,25. (2012北京)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been,答案 B 解析 句意：不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成似的。as if条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反。,26. (2012湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had,答案 D 解析 句意:很抱歉,我现在很忙。要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。条件句中的谓语动词要用过去式。故D项正确。,27. (2012陕西)If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be,答案 B 解析 句意:如果我的车子再可靠一点的话，我就会开车而不是乘飞机去拉萨了。 根据would have driven可知是与过去的事实相反，故if条件句用过去完成时。,28. (2012天津)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered,答案 D 解析 句意：昨天,如果不是哈罗德让我们搭他的车回家，我们就叫辆出租车了。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。,29. (2012浙江)Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had,答案 D 解析 句意：如果他们知道接下来会发生什么，他们可能就会再三考虑了。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句用“might / could / should / would+have done”。,30. (2011陕西)I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone,答案 A 解析 句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。表达与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句用“would / could / should / might+have done”，故选A项。,31. (2011北京) Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been,答案 A 解析 句意：孩子们到哪儿去了？饭菜快凉了。真希望他们不要总这么晚。本题是考查wish后接虚拟语气的用法，而且是对现在情况的虚拟，应用一般过去时表示。故选A项。,32. (2011北京)Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying,答案 C 解析 句意：或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话，我就会给你更多的帮助。由“if I . then”可知，从句是对过去事实的虚拟，应用过去完成时。故选C项。,33. (2011江西)We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put,答案 D 解析 句意：要不是因为约翰最近受伤的缘故，我们昨天就把他的名字写在参赛名单上。根据句意及“but for(倘若没有，要不是)”可知，这里考查针对过去的虚拟，所以主句谓语部分要由would / could / might / should+have done的形式构成，答案为D项。,34. (2010陕西)If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken,答案 B 解析 句意：如果我们走了另一条路，我们就可能及时到达参加会议了。根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。,35. (2010安徽)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _. A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy,答案 A 解析 句意：昨天鲍勃本可能帮助我们的，但是他很忙。前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。,36. (2010湖南)If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,答案 C 解析 句意：如果他听从了我的建议，他就不会丢掉工作了。根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。,37. (2010浙江)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved,答案 A 解析 根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气条件句。原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy.。故选择A。句意：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。,38. (2009天津)This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might,答案 B 解析 句意：这台打印机质量很好。第一年内如果出了毛病，我们免费修理。should在此表示一种将来的可能性不大的假设。,39. (2009安徽)But for their help, we _ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished,答案 D 解析 句意：如果没有他们的帮助，我们就不可能及时完成任务。but for“要不是；如果没有” 起到了对过去虚拟的条件句的作用，后面自然要选 would / could / might / should + have done。,模拟预测 1. (2013福建福州第一次质检) Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins. Oh, you must have had the case _ you were taken for your sister. A. which B. whose C. where D. whom,答案 C 解析 语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the case, case表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。,2. (2013山东烟台调研)What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. if C. whether D. what,答案 C 解析 句意：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否可以很快从这场严重的疾病中康复过来。后半句是whether引导的表语从句。,3. (2013山东兖州第一次模拟)The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motorbike. A. when B. why C. whether D. how,答案 B 解析 本题考查宾语从句。句意：公路被大雪覆盖，我不明白为什么他们坚持要骑摩托车去。when“何时”；why“为什么”；whether“是否”；how“如何”。根据句意选择B项。,4. (2013北京东城期末)I persuaded my parents _ we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland. A. what B. that C. where D. how,答案 B 解析 分析句式结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，由于从句中不缺少任何成分，因此选that。,5. (2013东北三校联考)The book is meant for _ needs it. A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. whom,答案 B 解析 句意：这本书谁需要就给谁。whoever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。,6. (2013福建厦门毕业班适应性考试)A heated debate is under way on _ Chinese media should use English terms like “GDP” “NBA” and “GSM”. A. which B. that C. whether D. what,答案 C 解析 句意：一场关于中国媒体是否应该使用“GDP”“NBA”“GSM”等英语术语的激烈讨论正在进行。whether引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。,7. (2013黑龙江适应性训练) _ matters much _ the headmaster supports our activity. A. It; whether B. What; whether C. As; that D. That; if,答案 A 解析 句意：校长是否支持我们的活动很重要。故选A项。it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。,8. (2013福建龙岩质检一) The rescue team are considering _ they can do more for the people suffering from the snowstorm. So they are. A. what B. whatever C. if D. how,答案 D 解析 此处是由how引导的从句作considering的宾语。从句中do已有宾语more，所以不能用what或whatever；if不符合语境。故选D项。,9. (2013四川模拟)About 1.62 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2009, _ only 497 400 have come back. A. who B. among whom C. among which D. in whom,答案 B 解析 句意：在1978年到2009年期间，大约有162万中国学生出国学习，其中回国的只有497 400人。后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students,且由句意可知应选用介词among,故B项正确。,10. (2013哈师大附中，东北师大附中，辽宁省实验中学第一次联考)It is _ Tom often breaks the school rules _ makes his teacher unsatisfied with him. A. what； that B. that； what C. that； that D. which； that,答案 C 解析 句意：是汤姆经常违反学校规定才让他的老师对他不满意的。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语从句that Tom often breaks the school rules。,11. (2013上海春招)I have no idea _ the journalist could have got his information from. A. that B. why C. which D. where,答案 D 解析 根据句意“我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息。”可知，此处应用where引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容，所以这里选D项。,12. (2013山东济南质检)Tom eagerly finished up _ was left of the chicken pie. A. what B. that C. which D. where,答案 A 解析 句意：汤姆急切地吃完了剩余的鸡肉馅饼。what was left of the chicken pie是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。,13. (2013北京东城5月综合练习二) How do you usually find out about new software？ In the magazines like Popular Electronics Thats _ computer companies usually advertise. A. which B. where C. what D. why,答案 B 解析 根据答语的前一句可知表示的是地点。where引导的是表语从句，where在从句中作状语。,14. (2013山东潍坊质检)When you rewrite the paragraph, I advise you to leave out _ is thought unnecessary or misleading. A. what B. that C. these D. which,答案 A 解析 句意：当你重新写这个段落时，我建议你省略没有必要的和有误导性的部分。what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。,15. (2013上海春招) _ comes will be welcome to the open air concert. A. Whatever B. Whoever C. No matter what D. No matter who,答案 B 解析 句意：无论是谁来参加露天音乐会，我们都欢迎。此处whoever引导主语从句，故选B项。no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，故排除D项；根据语意主语从句中所缺主语为人，故排除A和C项。,16. (2013安徽“江南十校”联考)The problem will appear _ a different welfare system will be created. A. unless B. whether C. until D. if,答案 B 解析 句意：是否创立一个不同的社会福利体系这个问题将会出现。这是一个分隔式的同位语从句，根据语意可知用whether来引导此同位语从句，表示“是否”。if一般不引导同位语从句，故排除D项。,17. (2013三门峡模拟)I _ my homework yesterday， but unfortunately I forgot about it totally. A. need have handed in B. should have handed in C. must have handed in D. may have handed in,答案 B 解析 考查情态动词。我昨天把作业的事忘得一干二净，所以前半句句意为我本来应该昨天交作业的。,18. (2013天津模拟)His failure in the exam suggested that he _ the teachers suggestions. A. cant have followed B. neednt have followed C. mustnt have followed D. shouldnt have followed,答案 A 解析 考查情态动词。根据His failure in the exam可知“他过去不可能听从老师的忠告的”。cant have done sth“过去不可能做某事”；neednt have done sth“本来没有必要做某事但却做了”；shouldnt have done sth“本不该做某事却做了”。,19. (2013赣州模拟) Yesterday， I didnt see Ben at the party. You _ him. We just came back from Beijing this morning. A. mustnt have seen B. neednt have seen C. couldnt see D. cant have seen,答案 D 解析 考查情态动词。由于我和本今天早晨才从北京回来，所以你昨天“不可能”在聚会上见到本的。,20. (2013昆明模拟)But for the heavy traffic， the police _ the thieves who tried to escape in the stolen car. A. would not catch B. couldnt have caught C. havent caught D. couldnt catch,答案 B 解析 考查虚拟语气。but for the heavy traffic相当于without the heavy traffic / if it hadnt been for the heavy traffic。如果不是交通拥挤的话，警察就抓不住小偷了。根据who tried可知此处表示与过去事实相反。,21. (2013哈尔滨模拟) I paid him 300 yuan for the sneakers. Oh， he charged you too much. You _ them with half the money. A. could have bought B. neednt have bought C. must have bought D. wouldnt have bought,答案 A 解析 考查虚拟语气。答语句意：他向你收的钱太多了。你本来可以以半价买到的。could have done“过去本能够做某事却没有做到”。,22. (2013合肥模拟)They didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday. Otherwise， they _ the report. A. had listened to B. would listen to C. should listen to D. would have listened to,答案 D 解析 考查虚拟语气。“他们昨天没有出席会议”这是事实，暗示的虚拟条件是“if they had turned up at the meeting yesterday”，所以D项正确。,23. (2013温州模拟)Look at the trouble I am in. If only I _ your advice then. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow,答案 C 解析 考查虚拟语气。根据then(那时)可知此处表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，故if only后的从句用过去完成时。,24. (2013西安模拟) This is the first time I _ my first picture with my own hands. Its time that you _ a photo of me. A. took； took B. have taken； took C. took； will take D. will take； have taken,答案 B 解析 考查虚拟语气。this is the first time后的从句中应用现在完成时，这是固定用法。第二句its time后的从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或动词过去式。,25. (2013杭州模拟)_ about his financial situation， I would have helped him out. A. Did I know B. Had I been knowing C. Had I known D. Have I known,答案 C 解析 考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语would have helped .可知此句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句谓语用过去完成时。C项相当于If I had known。,26. (2013无锡模拟)If no passers-by _ a blind eye to the injured little Yueyue in Foshan，Guangdong， she _ alive now. A. turned; would be B. had turned； would have been C. turned； would have been D. had turned； would be,答案 D 解析 考查虚拟语气。此题为错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，谓语用“would+动词原形”。,27. (2013吉安模拟) I got upset yesterday just because you didnt hand in your homework on time. Terribly sorry. Ten more minutes， I _ it to you. A. would have taken B. would take C. had taken D. must have taken,答案 A 解析 考查虚拟语气。根据第一句动词got，didnt可知此空表示与过去事实相反，故A项正确。ten more minutes相当于if I had had ten more minutes。,28. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now. A. is not polluted B. would not be polluted C. had not been polluted D. would not have been polluted,答案 B 解析 本题考查错综时间条件句。句意：如果我们早些采取有效的措施的话，这条河就不会像现在这样被严重污染了。从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故正确答案为B。,29. (2013鹤岗模拟)As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only the mineowners _ enough attention to the safety measures! A. paid B. should pay C. would pay D. had paid,答案 D 解析 if onl