语法专题突破二主谓一致.ppt

英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。当这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。,(2010陕西高考)It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area. Aare being built Bwere being built Cwas being built Dis being built,解析：此题考查语态和主谓一致。many a单数可数名词作主语，谓语用单数，根据at present可知，时态为现在时。所以答案为D。,答案：D,1more than one.，many a .作主语 more than one .，many a .作主语，意义上表示是复数，但其中心词为单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one road is being repaired. 正在修的道路不止一条。 Many a student wants to reduce homework. 许多学生要求减少家庭作业。,2不定式、 ving 形式及从句作主语 不定式、 ving 形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但 and 连接的不定式、v.ing 作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 To say something is usually easier than to do something. 说往往要比做容易。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my greatest pleasure.夏天游泳和冬天滑冰是我最大的乐趣。,注意 what 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语根据主语意义而定。 What we need are experienced workers. 我们需要的是有经验的工人。,3不定代词或由不定代词修饰的名词作主语 不定代词或由不定代词(both，few，several，many，all 除外)修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Nothing has been done to prevent the river from being polluted.没有采取措施来阻止这条河流受污染。 In our country，every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我们国家，男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。,注意 both，few，many，several 或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。all 作主语，指可数名词，谓语用复数；指抽象概念或不可数名词，谓语用单数。,5主语后带有with.，as well as .等短语时 主语后带有with，together with，as well as，no less than， along with，like，rather than，but，except，including，in addition to 等短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是简和约翰来承担。 The mother along with her two children goes to the park every weekend. 母亲与她的两个孩子每个周末都要去公园。,6分数后的名词作主语时，其谓语动词的数依名词的数 而定 Two thirds of the students in our class are girls. 我班三分之二的学生是女生。,（2011长春外国语学校检测） of the people on the Net Chinas economy is among the strongest in the world. A.Four-fifth;believes B.Four-fifth;believe C.Four-fifths;believe D.Four-fifths;believes,解析：考查主谓一致。当“几分之几（百分之几）+of+名词”结构作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数，故此处选C。,答案：C,1and，both.and 连接的并列成分作主语 and，both.and连接的并列成分作主语，谓语动词一般用复数；但并列成分如果指的是同一个人、物或概念，谓语动词用单数形式。这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。 Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每星期上五天学。,Both bread and milk are good for your health. 面包和牛奶对健康都有好处。 The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students. 既是作家又是教师的他深受学生的欢迎。,2关系代词作主语 关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的形式取决于先行词。当先行词为“one of 复数名词”时，动词用复数形式，但当one 前有only ，just ，very 等词修饰时，动词用单数形式。 This is one of the most strange stories that are told by my grandpa. 这是我爷爷讲过的最离奇的故事之一。 She is the only one of the girls who is late sometimes. 她是唯一一个有时迟到的女孩。,3有数量词修饰的名词作主语 数量词修饰不可数名词，谓语动词一般用单数；修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词一般用复数。但是 a quantity of .，quantities of.，a amount of .，amounts of .作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity 和 amount 的形式而定。 Large amounts of money were invested in the local market. 大量的资金投在了当地的市场上。 A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year. 每年都有大量的钱被花在烟草上。,4“the形容词”作主语 “the形容词”作主语，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一类事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 The old are well taken care of in China. 在中国，老人受到很好的照顾。 The beautiful is loved by all. 爱美之心人皆有之。,5some，most，the rest 等及分数类的词作主语 some/most/half/all/the rest/the majority/分数/百分数(of名词) 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由它们指代的名词或 of 后面的名词来决定。 All of the money has been spent on clothes by his wife. 所有的钱都被他的妻子花在了衣服上。,The rest of the students are playing football on the playground.其余的学生都正在操场上踢足球。 Most of the water here is not fit for drinking. 这里的大部分水都不适合饮用。 Only 40% of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。,6复数形式单数意义的词作主语 有些词，如 news，maths，physics，politics，works (工厂)，the United States 等形式上看似复数，但意义上视为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。 Politics doesnt interest me. 政治引不起我的兴趣。 South of the city lies a steel and iron works. 城市的南边有一家钢铁厂。,7集体名词作主语 集体名词，如family，team class，group 等作主语时，如果视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果侧重其中的个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。但集体名词 people，police，cattle 等作主语，谓语动词总是用复数形式。 The class has 45 students.,这个班有45名学生。 The whole team are all going to take part in the Asian Games.全队都将参加亚运会。 The police have caught the criminal. 警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。,8表示度量、时间、距离等的名词的复数形式作主语 表示度量、距离、金额、时间等名词的复数形式作主语时，常作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式。 Five years is a long time to wait for an answer. 5年的时间来等待一个答复够长了。 25,000 miles is a long distance. 两万五千里是很长的一段路程。,(2009湖南高考)Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Aare Bis Chave Dbe,解析：考查主谓一致。either.or.连接两个代词或名词作主语时，谓语动词依其最近的代词或名词确定。故答案选B。,答案：B,就近一致的情况 There be 句式中及 or，either .or .，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等连接的并列成分作主语，谓语动词与最靠近的名词(短语)一致。 There is an apple and some oranges on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果和一些橘子。 There are some oranges and an apple on the table. 桌子上有一些橘子和一个苹果。,Are you or he going to be in charge of the factory? 是你还是他要负责工厂的事务？ Either you or your brother has to go there right now. 要么你要么你弟弟不得不立刻去那里。 Not only I but also he wants to go swimming in the river. 不但我而且他也想去河里游泳。,高考在线 1(2010湖南高考)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ais Bare Chas Dhave,解析：考查语态和主谓一致。该句是一个含有主谓宾的主动句。其中的主语和宾语均为动名词短语。当动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选C项。,答案：C,2(2010江苏高考)Is everyone here? Not yet.Look，there _ the rest of our guests! Acome Bcomes Cis coming Dare coming,解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。,答案：A,3(2009陕西高考)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to,解析：考查时态和主谓一致。依据时间状语this summer可知，这里应该用一般将来时；当主语后有with，together with，as well as，but，except等词时，谓语动词跟介词(短语)之前的名词或代词的单复数一致，所以A项正确。,答案：A,4(2009四川高考)The teacher together with the students _discussing Reading Skills that_newly published in America. Aare；were Bis；were Care；was Dis；was,解析：考查主谓一致。主语后接由with，except，as well as，no less than，rather than，more than，besides，together with，like，including，in add