2020版高考英语大一轮复习课时达标37Unit2Cloning（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

课时达标(三十七) Unit 2 Cloning建议时间/35分钟 阅读理解A课标话题人与自然自然科学研究成果体裁 说明文词数 311难度 Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave to Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates(灵长类) to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo(胚胎) splitting, the division of an earlystage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus(细胞核) with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT), can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadnt been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers pouring cold water on the idea that the teams results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species. Thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing nonhuman primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and the society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough as a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.语篇导读中国科学家利用SCNT技术克隆出了两只猴子，文章介绍了相关信息并讨论了这种克隆实验的影响。1What do we know about the technology called SCNT?AIt created the first two primates.BIt may contribute to editing the DNA.CIt can divide an earlystage embryo into several cells.DIt produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.解析B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，SCNT可以帮助研究者在编辑DNA时更加有效控制，即可能有助于编辑DNA，故选B项。2What does the author mean by saying “pouring cold water on the idea” in Paragraph 2?AKeeping a hot topic of it.BHaving a low opinion of it.CAttaching no importance to it.DAdding supportive evidence to it.解析B词义猜测题。根据画线处上一句可知，研究的过程比较困难，多次尝试均以失败告终，所以许多科学家对这一实验理念并不看好。have a low opinion of不看好，故选B项。3What is the scientists purpose to clone these monkeys?ATo help with the study of human diseases.BTo serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.CTo prepare for their research on human cloning.DTo raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.解析A细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病，故选A项。4What can we infer from the passage?ANew techniques seem to be pointless.BCloning humans is already on its way.CSociety wont agree to clone another monkey.DCloning monkeys has made contributions to certain scientific areas.解析D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，成功克隆猴子为研究人类生物学和疾病提供了新的范例；由此可推知，成功克隆猴子已经为某些科学领域作出了贡献，故选D项。B课标话题人与自然自然科学研究成果体裁说明文词数 346难度 (2019郑州一中摸底)Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡呔)chemicals in the body that cause happinessare behind the socalled “runners high”， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug, the runners high symptoms seemed to fade.“The longheld notion of endorphins being responsible for the runners high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog.Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but its already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.The UKs National Health Service even prescribes(开药方) exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we dont fully understand where it comes from. At least if were feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.语篇导读本文主要探究了运动后引起运动者情绪高涨的因素。5What did scientists from German universities recently discover?AWorking out is a highly effective way to treat depression.BThe runners high could be caused by endocannabinoids.CEndorphins may contribute to ones high spirits after running.DThe level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect ones mood.解析B细节理解题。根据第三段可知，德国一些大学的科学家们发现跑步后的快感是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B项。6The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to _.Afind what reduces the runners high symptomsBsee the specific symptoms of the runners highCidentify what is responsible for the runners highDtest what influences the level of endocannabinoids released解析C推理判断题。根据第三、四段可推知，科学家们拿老鼠做实验是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会导致跑步者情绪高涨，故选C项。7The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to _.AeffectBgoalCquestionDbelief解析D词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词所在句子与第二段呼应，故notion指认知。D项belief与believed相呼应，故选D项。8According to the UKs National Health Service, regular workouts _.Aare the best way to treat depressionBcan help ease depression symptomsConly work for those with serious depressionDcan help people completely recover from depression解析B细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句可知，规律锻炼有助于改善情绪、缓解抑郁症状，故选B项。 七选五课标话题人与社会非物质文化遗产体裁说明文词数 228难度 The science of papermaking addresses the methods, equipment, and materials used to make paper and cardboard, these being used widely for printing, writing, and packaging. Today almost all paper is produced using industrial machinery. _1_The method of manual(手工的) papermaking changed very little over time, despite advances in technologies. _2_ Separate the useful fiber from the rest of raw materials. Beat down the fiber into pulp(纸浆). Adjust the color, chemical, biological, and other properties of the paper. Screen(筛) the resulting liquid. Press and dry to get the actual paper._3_ It is made of stainless materials and set in a wooden frame similar to that of a window. Then completely bathe it in the liquid and draw it out. Water is removed and the wet mat of fiber is laid on top of a damp cloth. The fairly damp fiber is then dried. Finally, the paper is then cut to the desired shape and packed.The wooden frame is called a “deckle(定纸框)”. _4_ The “deckle edges” are one of the indications that the paper was made by hand. Deckleedged paper is occasionally imitated today to create the impression of oldfashioned luxury._5_ It is also used in paper factories to check the quality of the production process. The “handsheets” made according to TAPPI Standard T205 are tested for paper characteristics such as brightness, strength and degree of sizing.AScreening the fiber involves using a special net.BThe process of papermaking is really complicated.CIt leaves the edges of the paper slightly irregular and wavy.DHandmade paper is prepared in laboratories to study papermaking.EHowever, traditional papermaking in Asia uses the inner skin fibers of plants.FThe process of manufacturing handmade paper can be generalized into five steps.GBut handmade paper is still appreciated for its distinctive uniqueness and the skilled craft.语篇导读本文主要介绍了手工纸的制作过程及使用情况等。1解析G转折关系。空前讲道，如今几乎所有的纸都是用工业机器制作的；下一段讲道，尽管技术进步了，但手工造纸的方式并没有随着时间而发生太大变化。由此可知，空处上下文为转折关系，只有G项符合语境，故选G项。2解析F总分关系。根据空后内容可知，此处讲述的应是造纸的过程，故选F项。3解析A顺承关系。本段主要介绍的是筛出纸纤维的过程，A项(筛出纸纤维需要使用一种特殊的网)符合语境，空后的It即指A项中的a special net，故选A项。4解析C顺承关系。根据上下文并结合选项可知，C项(它会使纸张的边缘有些不规则，有些波纹)符合语境，其中的It指代空前的a “deckle”， the edges of the paper对应空后的The “deckle edges”，故选C项。5解析D并列关系。根据空后一句可知，空处应与手工纸的用途有关。选项中只有D项(实验室里准备手工纸以供研究造纸之用)符合，故选D项。 语法填空课标话题人与社会音乐领域的概况及发展体裁说明文词数 214难度 There are two basic “schools” of songwriting nowadays: one based on crafts and the other based on instinct. Craft writers are people 1._ write from nine to five every day, five days a week, but instinctive writers work only when they 2._ (inspire). Craft writers sometimes say that instinctive writers are “just 3._(luck)”， while instinctive writers may call craft writers “assemblyline machines”. Each approach has 4._(it) advantages and problems.Writing every day can show great talents. 5._(create) so much material requires a writer to deal with a wide variety of subjects, which forces them to find new ways to say old things. However, over 6._ period of years the craft writer may burn out; writing becomes boringsomething to finish before you can go with fun. The original 7._(reason) for being a songwriter are lost.For instinctive writers, theres the thrill of never k