2020版高考英语大一轮复习课时达标30Unit5Thepowerofnature（含解析）新人教版选修6.docx

课时达标(三十) Unit 5 The power of nature建议时间/100分钟(见学用课时P69)阅读提速练 阅读理解A课标话题人与社会艺术体裁说明文词数 251难度 (2019辽宁五校协作体模拟)Kettles Yard, CambridgeThis modern art gallery in a Victorian house was founded in the 1950s by Jim Ede and reopened in February, following a twoyear redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects. This means a new cafe, a fourfloor education wing and improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors. The gallerys permanent collection includes works of Joan Mir， Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth.Being Brunel, BristolTo celebrate the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Being Brunel opened in March on Bristols harbourside. The museum included a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions, including an 1821 school report. It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.Royal Academy of Arts, LondonThe RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary, following a renovation(翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme. These will include three galleries, which will host exhibitions with a focus on contemporary art and architecture. The grand facade(正面) of the Burlington Gardens building has also been restoredpossibly the first time its had a proper clean in its 150year history.V&A, DundeeOne of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotlands first designed museumand also the first V&A anywhere outside of Londonon 15 September. The museum building sits on the River Tay. It will celebrate Scottish designs and objects in its collection.语篇导读本文主要介绍了四个艺术馆(博物馆)的特点、展出内容等。【熟词生义】wing常用义：n.翅膀，翼生义：n.侧厅，耳房，厢房1What do we know about Being Brunel?AIt has a long school report.BIt includes three galleries.CIt is familyfriendly.DIt possesses permanent collections.解析 C细节理解题。根据Being Brunel, Bristol部分最后一句可知，Being Brunel是一个家庭友好型博物馆，故选C项。2The purpose of the RA reopening is _.Ato expand the exhibitionBto mark its 250th anniversaryCto display contemporary artDto present its 150year history解析 B细节理解题。根据Royal Academy of Arts, London部分第一句可知，RA重新开放的目的是纪念其创建250周年，故选B项。3What is the purpose of the passage?ATo attract more visitors to the UK.BTo compare different tourist attractions.CTo describe some famous museums and artists.DTo introduce openings of some famous art galleries and museums.解析 D写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一些著名的艺术馆或博物馆的开放信息，故选D项。B课标话题人与社会科技发展体裁说明文词数 281难度 Architect Vincent Callebaut recently introduced a plan for highflying teams of selfsufficient aircraft that are one part of airship cities and one part of hydrogenproducing floating farms.Called hydrogenase(氢化酶), the aircraft are 100% emissionfree and are capable of creating hydrogen without consuming land needed for crops or forests.Weve seen futuristic airships before, but never one that doubles as a hydrogenproducing flying farm! Designed for the South China Sea near Hainan, Callebauts hydrogenase airships are completely selfsufficient and contain a specialized breed of seaweed that absorbs sunlight and CO2 to produce hydrogen. According to the architects, “The output obtained from microseaweed is superior to that of using farming to produce biofuel. 330 grams of seaweed produce 1,000 liters of hydrogen per day, while soybeans produce roughly 1,000 liters of oil per hectare(公顷)A hectare of seaweed could thus produce much more biofuel than a hectare of soybeans.”In addition to providing a clean source of renewable energy, hydrogenase airships offer an ecofriendly means of transportation.Although certainly slower than ordinary planes, the airships are nearly silent and require a very little basic structure to take off and land.The architects also suggest that the airships should provide disaster relief for remote areas, and be used as flying hospitals and aid centers.Each hydrogenase airship is covered with flexible photovoltaic cells(光电池)The interior features room for housing, offices, scientific laboratories, and entertainment, and a series of bioremediating(生物降解) vegetable gardens provide a source of food while recycling waste.Hydrogenase is certainly for the futuristic concept, but it does use a set of technologies being developed todayand perhaps one day we will see fantastic ideas like this develop.语篇导读本文主要介绍了氢化酶飞艇的优点。4What do we know about Vincent Callebaut?AHe is working on a floating farm.BHe compares many different airships.CHe has developed a selfsufficient aircraft.DHe has come up with a plan for new aircraft.解析 D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Vincent Callebaut提出了一个新的飞行器计划，故选D项。5Why do the hydrogenase airships contain seaweed?ATo produce oxygen. BTo create hydrogen.CTo absorb hydrogen. DTo absorb harmful gases.解析 B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，氢化酶飞艇里放海藻是为了产生氢气，故选B项。6What can we learn from Paragraph 3?AFarms with seaweed produce more food.BFarms with seaweed are more efficient at producing biofuel.CSoybeans cant be planted on the airships.DFarms with seaweed will surely replace traditional farmland.解析 B推理判断题。根据第三段建筑师说的话及里面的例子可以推断出，有海藻的农场在生产生物能方面效率更高，故选B项。7What does the text mainly talk about?AThe advantages of the airships.BThe disadvantages of the airships.CThe airships are renewable energy sources.DWhen and where the airships can be used.解析 A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了氢化酶飞艇的优点，故选A项。C课标话题人与自我健康的生活方式体裁说明文词数 273难度 (2019百校联盟联考)Your alarm goes off on your phone, and instead of turning it off and going on sleeping, you pick it up and stupidly say, “Hello？”You are, to use the technical term, suffering from sleep drunkenness(醉态), those first few confused minutes people sometimes experience after waking, according to a justpublished paper in Neurology(神经学). For the first time, the phenomenon has been studied in a general adult population.In telephone interviews the researchers conducted with more than 19,000 healthy individuals, about 25 percent reported experiencing some sort of sleepdrunk episode(插曲) in the last year, and 12 percent said this happens to them at least once a week.Most of their stories were actually pretty funny, said Stanford University School of Medicine psychiatrist(精神病学家) Maurice Ohayon.One man picked up his alarm clock and mistook it for his phone, holding a twominute conversation on it.Another participant woke in the middle of the night and couldnt find the bathroom in her own home.Other common examples are that foggy feeling you get when you first wake up with a start on a Saturday before realizing its the weekend, or when you wake up in a hotel room and cant immediately figure out where you are.Ohayon explains that an abrupt awakening, to our poor, halfasleep brains, signals an emergencya time for action, not reason.“For most people, and especially if this only happens to you every once in a while, its nothing to worry about.But for people who experience sleep drunkenness once a week or more, you might as well refer to professional help to have a sound sleep.”语篇导读本文介绍了睡醉的相关知识，如定义、表现等。8The intended readers of the passage are probably _.Aadults who dont sleep wellBteenagers who dont have enough sleepCpeople who suffer from sleep drunkennessDresearchers who are fond of sleep disorder解析 C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了“睡醉”现象及相关研究，因此，本文是针对有睡醉经历的人写的，故选C项。9What can we learn from the first 3 paragraphs?AIts stupid to leave the alarm on when sleeping.BAfter waking up all people struggled for awareness.CThere are many studies on adults sleep patterns.DIts common for adults to experience sleep drunkenness.解析 D推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在被调查的成人中，大约25%的人在过去一年中有过睡醉经历，并且12%的人一周至少经历一次睡醉，由此可推知，睡醉这种现象在成人中常见，故选D项。10What do we know about sleep drunkenness according to Paragraph 4?AIt occurs in different occasions.BIt comes without any reason.CIt hits when people are sleeping.DIt attacks those who are cloudy.解析 A推理判断题。第四段列举了几个睡醉的例子，有的人误把闹钟当作电话；有的人半夜醒来，找不到自己家的卫生间由此可推知，睡醉发生在不同的情形中，故选A项。11What will be talked about in the next paragraph?ASomething to extend your sleep time.BWays to improve your sleep pattern.CMethods of curing sleep drunkenness.DTips on how to help you to sleep better.解析 D推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，对于一周至少经历一次睡醉的人而言，最好寻求专业的帮助，由此可推测，下文可能介绍一些有助于获得良好睡眠的方法，故选D项。D课标话题人与自然自然生态体裁说明文词数 343难度 We already know that plants are capable of learning and adapting to their environment, just like any organism. But a new study seems to suggest that plants can do more than just adapt. They can actually make decisions at that.Perhaps we shouldnt be surprised. Plants might be rooted, but their environments can be complex. In fact, researchers discovered that competition and a dynamic environment are what really pushes plants decisionmaking to their limits.For instance, when competing with competitors for limited sunlight, a plant is faced with having to choose among a number of options. It can attempt to outgrow its neighbors, thus gaining more access to light. It can also attempt to go into a lowlight survival mode, if it doesnt consider an_arms_race to be worthwhile. The plant might also need to determine which way it should grow to best maximize its resources.“In our study we wanted to learn if plants can choose between these responses and match themselves to the relative size and density(密度) of their opponents，” said Michal Gruntman.In the experiment, whenever plants were presented with tall competitors, they would go into shadetolerance mode. On the contrary, when plants were surrounded by small, dense vegetation, they would attempt go grow upright. But there were also wise decisions built into each of these situations, too. For instance, plants in shadetolerance mode would make their leaves thinner and wider to capture as much light as possible relative to the level of their competition.“Such an ability to choose between different responses according to their outcome could be particularly important in diverse environments, where plants can grow by chance under neighbors with different size, age or density, and should therefore be able to choose their appropriate strategy，” said Gruntman.All of this basically means that scientists are beginning to look more closely at how plants work through their decisions. Obviously plants dont have nervous systems, so more research will be needed to see exactly how these decisionmaking mechanisms(机能) operate within our plant friends.语篇导读本文介绍了一项新的研究：植物不仅会适应环境，还能作决定。12Why do plants need to make decisions?AThey are far different from other organisms.BThey know how to adapt to their environment.CThe environment where they are suited can change.DThey have the ability of learning about environment.解析 C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，植物需要作出决定是因为竞争和不断变化的环境，故选C项。13What does the underlined phrase “an arms race” in Paragraph 3 mean?AThe attempt to grow.BThe choice to survive.CThe way to maximize the resources.DThe competition for more sunlight.解析 D词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，植物需要为生存而竞争；根据第三段第三句可知，此处应表示植物进入低光线生存模式，即不参与对阳光的竞争，故选D项。14What influences the size and shape of plant leaves?AHow fierce their competition is.BWhere the plants grow actually.CWhether vegetation is dense or not.DWhat small plants they are surrounded with.解析 A细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，植物会根据竞争程度的不同来改变叶子的厚度和大小，故选A项。15What is the best title for the text?APlants Can Easily Adapt to the EnvironmentBPlants Are Capable of DecisionmakingCPlants Can Work like Other Organisms ActuallyDPlants Compete for Sunlight with Each Other解析 B标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了植物有作决定的能力，故选B项。 七选五课标话题人与社会艺术体裁说明文词数 248难度 Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way. _1_Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step toward appreciating any art painting. _2_ Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style._3_ This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, its advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolor, oil painting or acrylic(丙烯画) or sketch(速写) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the workfigurative(形象的) or abstract.Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artist means can be very difficult. _4_ So heres a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas(油画布). Still, it doesnt mean your understanding is the same as the artists. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees it.Search for emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. _5_ Explore the art work with your eyes.Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice with art.ADiscover your taste and styles.BKnow the type of art and medium used.CSome of these art works will take time to reach you.DYou just might find that art changes the way you see the world.ELearning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art.FA simple art painting might be understood for different people.GThe following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist.语篇导读本文从提前了解艺术家、了解画作种类、发现其所含意义、探寻情感等方面介绍了欣赏艺术画作的方法。1解析 G顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，欣赏艺术画作没有什么对或错的方式。紧接着下文从几方面介绍了欣赏艺术画作的方法，所以，空处应为承上启下的句子。G项中的The following ideas为重点提示，引出下文的信息，故选G项。2解析 E顺承关系。根据小标题Know the artist和空处前后句可知，本空应与了解艺术家有关，E项(对艺术家作些了解有助于欣赏艺术作品)符合语境，故选E项。3解析 B总分关系。根据空后第二句可知，本段关键词为type, medium，且空处位于段首，根据篇章结构可知为段落主题句，故选B项。【误区警示】本题易误选A项。A项与后面一句This is really tough衔接过渡自然，但是此处应是主题句，需要概括整段大意，故排除A项。4解析 F顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，本空与对艺术品的理解有关，且根据线索词understood可快速判断，故选F项。5解析 C顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，并非每一件艺术品都能让你第一眼便被吸引或激发你的情感，C项(理解某些艺术品会需要一些时间)与上一句衔接紧密，故选C项。语言知识运用练与写作规范练 完形填空课标话题人与自我个人生活体裁记叙文词数 300难度 I wasnt prepared for the way I felt when my 18yearold son, Dylan, left for Asia during his winter break.I was _1_ the moment he first told my husband Michael and me that he wanted to use some of his _2_ to travel around China. We were excited for him to explore the world. We told him that _3_ was one of the best ways to spend his money and the _4_ will last a lifetime.On the morning of Dylans departure, he _5_ a few more things into his bag. Before he and Michael _6_ to the airport, I yelled, “Be safe, and _7_ when you arrive in Shanghai.”That night, _8_ he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Dylan was really on his _9_. I woke hourly, each time _10_ the clock and counting the hours before he would land the following morning. _11_ my decision to let him go alone, I prayed, and thought about all the things that could go _12_. Then I heard from him. The first text said hed arrived. The second text said his luggage didnt _13_ it.Feeling anxious, I madly attempted to _14_ down his luggage. To search for the lost baggage, I persuaded him to go back to the _15_ and suggested he go to the airlines office. My efforts _16_. All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right.After that, there was no more _17_ about the lost luggage. I knew that hed figure it out, and that the life lesson would be _18_.Several days into the trip, Dylan sent a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could never study abroad anywhere but Europe. _19_ I could definitely do it here，” his note read.And I was _20_.1Athrilled Bworried Ceager Dupset2A.caution BsavingsCrelations Dfriends3A.traveling BlearningCdriving Dpurchasing4A.costs BvirtuesCitems Dmemories5A.put BstuckCreached Dknocked6A.took off Bsaw offCpulled away Dmoved on7A.write BcallCtext Demail8A.since Bthough Cafter Dwhile9A.behalf Bfeet Cmind Down10A.mending Bchecking Cseeing Dwinding11A.Convincing BDoubtingCAdmitting DDenying12A.wrong Bwild Csmooth Dbad13A.arrive Bmake Cmanage Ddeserve14A.bring Bturn Csettle Dtrack15A.homeland BairportCsupermarket Dcar16A.failed Bworked Cpaid Dlost17A.presentation BtalkCappearance Drumor18A.awful BunbearableCdeep Dworthless19A.Or BSo CAnd DBut20A.in despair Bat a lossCat peace Din reality语篇导读本文叙述了一位母亲在儿子第一次独自出国时的表现和心路历程。1解析 A根据下一句中的excited可知，对于他主动探索世界，我们很高兴；空处也应是表达类似意义的词。thrilled兴奋的，激动的，符合语境，故选A项。2解析 B根据常识及第4空前的his money可知，他要用他自己的一些积蓄(saving)去中国旅行，故选B项。3解析 A根据上文中的travel around China及语境可知，此处为原词复现，故选A项。4解析 D根据语境可知，旅行是使用他的钱的最好方式之一，而且记忆(memory)将持续终生，故选D项。5解析 A根据语境可知，他将更多的东西放(put)进包里，故选A项。6解析 C结合语境可知，此处指丈夫Michael和儿子一起去机场。pull away开走；take off起飞，脱掉；see off给送行；move on继续前往，故选C项。7解析 C根据选项并结合第12空后的text可知，此处表示希望他在到达上海时给“我”发短信。text(用手机)给发短信，故选C项。8解析 D根据下文可知，儿子正在飞行途中，因此此处表示当他飞过太平洋上空某处时，while当时候，故选D项。9解析 Don ones own为固定搭配，意为“独立的，独自的”，与第11空后的alone呼应，故选D项。10解析 B由常识可知，此处表示母亲担心儿子，每小时醒一次查看(check)时钟，故选B项。11解析 B根据语境可知，“我”对让他独自去旅行的决定心存疑惑，不断祈祷。doubt怀疑，疑惑，符合语境，故选B项。12解析 A根据语境和常识可知，此处指“我”考虑了所有可能出错的事情。go wrong为固定搭配，意为“出错”，故选A项。13解析 B根据下一段可知，儿子的行李没有准时送达。make it成功，为固定搭配，符合语境，故选B项。14解析 D根据下文可知，儿子的行李没有准时送达，再结合语境和常识可知，“我”非常着急，疯狂地追查他的行李信息。track down追查，跟踪；bring down减少，击败；turn down拒绝；settle down定居，故选D项。15解析 B根据空后的airlines office可知，“我”劝说他回到机场(airport)，故选B项。16解析 A根据空后一句可知，Dylan一切都好，他会自己解决好行李问题，“我”的努力没有起作用。fail失败，符合语境，故选A项。17解析 B根据上下文可知，Dylan会自己解决好行李问题，因此之后就没有关于行李问题的讨论(talk)了，故选B项。18解析 C根据语境可知，儿子学会了独自解决问题，这一生活教训会是非常深刻(deep)的。awful糟糕的，可怕的；unbea