2020版高考英语一轮总复习课时作业37Unit2Cloning（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

课 时 作 业 .阅读理解(2019烟台一中高三适应性考试)China became the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, reducing the need to breed lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective and affordable animal tests for new drugs, scientists said on Thursday.By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(猕猴) named“Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transferring of somatic cells(体细胞)any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the worlds first cloned monkey, but it was done by using a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分割); but it could only generate four cloned offspring at a time and cannot be genetically changed to suit the experimental need.Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a worldclass challenge because it is a primate(灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup, and therefore all of its complexity, with humans.For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly and bad for the environment, and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes.By cloning monkey using somatic cells, we can massively cultivate large numbers of genetically identical offspring in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs. This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.Sun Qiang, director of the nonhuman primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.“Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans，”he said. This is especially useful in testing drugs for neural (神经的) diseases such as Parkinsons disease, metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征) and immune system diseases, and tumors, he added.“This achievement will help China lead the world research in the international science projects related to neural mapping of primate brains，”he said. “However, bio labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very capable, and they will quickly catch up with China after the monkey cloning technology is made public，” Sun added.“This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra hard this year to stay ahead，” he said.本文是一篇科普类说明文。讲述了中国在克隆技术上取得的成就中国成了第一个使用非生殖细胞克隆猕猴的国家。1Which of the following is the most important factor in cloning macaques named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua”？AReproductive cells. BSomatic cells.CNeural mapping. DGenetic makeup.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(猕猴) named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transferring of somatic cells(体细胞)any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.可知，克隆的猕猴“中中”和“华华”最重要的因素是通过体细胞核移植。故选B。2Why is cloning monkeys so difficult?ABecause it is bad for our environment.BBecause each monkey might have different genes.CBecause monkeys genetic makeup is as complicated as humans.DBecause it is too expensive to work on their genetic makeup.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a worldclass challenge because it is a primate(灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup, and therefore all of its complexity, with humans.可知，由于猴子是灵长类动物且与人类的基因相似，其复杂性也相似，所以用体细胞克隆猴子是一个世界级的挑战。故选C。3What is the main idea of Paragraph 8?AThe cure for neural diseases.BThe process of cloning monkeys.CThe significance of cloning monkeys.DThe close relations between monkeys and humans.答案：C解析：段落大意题。根据文章第八段内容可知，此段主要说明克隆猴子的重要性，可以帮助人类测试药物。故选C。4What can we infer from this passage?AMore effective medicine will be produced.BDrug trials on lab mice will be abandoned.CChina is the first country to have cloned monkeys.DChina will stay ahead of the world in cloning.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第六段This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine. 可知，此举可节省时间，降低试验费用，并且可以使结果更精确，带来更高效的药物。由此可以推测出，更多的有效药物将被生产出来。故选A。.完形填空(2019广东省湛江市高三调研)This morning I saw an old man.A few months ago he was _1_ cans and bottles from the recycle bins in my neighborhood.I was _2_ to see and saddened by the fact that he had to do this to _3_.I thought about putting bottles in a bag for him with a note attached _4_ that the bag was for him to take，but then thought it may not be the best _5_.So I let it go.One _6_ day I saw him again riding his bike with bags of bottles _7_ to his handlebars wearing a raincoat.My heart _8_.I felt _9_ thinking I could never connect with him.So you can imagine my _10_ when I saw him during my walk again.Then I _11_ the big bag of cans and bottles I had collected.“He can have those！” I thought.I walked _12_ over to him and managed to whisper a very quiet “Hi”I was a little _13_.I had never approached anyone like him before.I asked him if he could wait there so that I could get him some more _14_.He said，“That would be very much appreciated.”I _15_ my bag and came back in 5 minutes and there he was in the shade _16_.I handed the bag to him and _17_ to him that it wasnt much.And then with a bright _18_ he said，“Every little bit _19_.Thanks so much.”I wished him a great day and restarted my walk feeling a little _20_ in my step.错失了一次帮助拾荒老人的机会让我非常后悔。所以当我再看到他时，我便毫不犹豫地帮助了他。1A.picking BbuyingCgathering Dcollecting答案：D解析：考查现在分词。A.picking采摘，挑选；B.buying买；C.gathering聚集；D.collecting收集。由本空后的the recycle bins推断，几个月以 前，我见到他正从我房后的垃圾箱里捡 (collecting) 废瓶子和罐子。故选D。2A.shocked BexcitedCannoyed Ddisappointed答案：A解析：考查形容词。A.shocked感到震惊；B.excited感到兴奋；C.annoyed感到烦恼；D.disappointed感到失望。他必须靠这生存，我为这一事实感到很震惊，很难过。故选A。3A.work BmanageCsurvive Dearn答案：C解析：考查动词。A.work工作；B.manage管理；C.survive生存；D.earn挣得。他必须靠这生存，我为这一事实感到很震惊，很难过。故选C。4A.writing BreadingCspeaking Dtelling答案：B解析：考查现在分词。A.writing写；B.reading阅读；C.speaking说；D.telling告诉。我想把瓶子放在袋子里给他，并附上一张纸条，上面写着这个袋子是要给他的。表示纸条上写的内容时要用reading而不用writing。故选B。5A.idea BexperimentCsuggestion Dfact答案：A解析：考查名词。A.idea注意，想法；B.experiment实验；C.suggestion建议；D.fact事实。但是，然后我认为这可能不是最好的想法。故选A。6A.cloudy BwindyCsunny Drainy答案：D解析：考查形容词。A.cloudy多云的；B.windy多风的；C.sunny阳光明媚的；D.rainy有雨的。根据下文的wearing a raincoat，可知这是一个下雨的天。故选D。7A.stuck BattachedCplaced Dled答案：B解析：考查过去分词。A.stuck卡住；B.attached附上；C.placed放；D.led领导。一个下雨的天，我又看见他骑着自行车，在他把手上挂着一袋瓶子，穿着雨衣。attached to附属于，附着。故选B。8A.went down Bbroke downCsank down Dfell down答案：C解析：考查动词词组。A.went down下来；B.broke down打破，坏了；C.sank down沉落；D.fell down落下，倒下。看到上面这一幕，我的心沉下去了。故选C。9A.unlucky BunsafeCcareless Dpowerless答案：D解析：考查形容词。A.unlucky不幸运的；B.unsafe不安全的；C.careless粗心的；D.powerless无力的。我觉得无力，我从来都没有与他联系。故选D。10A.disappointment BsurpriseCdoubt Drelief答案：B解析：考查名词。A.disappointment失望；B.surprise惊讶；C.doubt怀疑；D.relief安慰。你可以想象我在走路时又看到他时的惊讶。故选B。11A.remembered BremindedCrecovered Dregained答案：A解析：考查动词。A.remembered记得；B.reminded提醒；C.recovered恢复；D.regained重新获得。我记得我收集的易拉罐和瓶子。故选A。12A.patiently BsharplyCquietly Dhappily答案：C解析：考查副词。A.patiently耐心地；B.sharply急剧地；C.quietly安静地；D.happily高兴地。我静静地走近他，小声对他问好。故选C。13A.calm BnervousCgenerous Dcurious答案：B解析：考查形容词。A.calm冷静的；B.nervous紧张不安的；C.generous慷慨的；D.curious好奇的。我以前从来没有靠近过像他这样的人，我有点紧张。故选B。14A.rubbish BbottlesCmoney Dgifts答案：B解析：考查名词。A.rubbish垃圾；B.bottles瓶子；C.money钱；D.gifts礼物。我问他是否能在这里等着我，我给他拿来更多的瓶子。故选B。15A.left BfoundCmoved Dfetched答案：D解析：考查动词。A.left离开；B.found发现；C.moved移动；D.fetched(去)取来。我去取我的包，五分钟以后回来，他在阴凉里等我。故选D。16A.thinking BsleepingCcounting Dwaiting答案：D解析：考查动词。A.thinking认为；B.sleeping睡觉；C.counting 计数；D.waiting等待。我去取我的包，五分钟以后回来，他在阴凉里等我。故选D。17A.apologized BshoutedCargued Dreported答案：A解析：考查动词。A.apologized道歉；B.shouted大喊；C.argued争论；D.reported报道。我把包交给他并向他道歉说不是很多。故选A。18A.look BcolorCsmile Dfuture答案：C解析：考查名词。A.look看；B.color颜色；C.smile微笑；D.future未来。他露出灿烂的微笑，老人认为对他来说每件废品都能帮到他。故选C。19A.helps BmeansCdepends Dgoes答案：A解析：考查动词。A.helps帮助；B.means意味着；C.depends依赖；D.goes去。由本空后的Thanks so much推断，老人认为对他来说每件废品都能帮(helps ) 到他。故选A。20A.stronger BslowerClighter Dheavier答案：C解析：考查形容词的比较级。A.stronger更强壮；B.slower更慢；C.lighter更轻；D.heavier更重。作者做了好事后心情很好，于是迈着轻快的步子继续向前走着，故选C。.语法填空(2019湖南省湘东五校联考)In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay succeeded _1_ climbing to the top of Mount Everest, at 11：30 am, on May 29. They were the first people _2_ (reach) the top of Mount Everest.Edmund Hilary was a New Zealand mountaineer, _3_ (explore) and philanthropist (慈善家), and Tenzing Norgay was a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer. Both of them were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest _4_ (lead) by John Hunt in 1953. For this expedition, Hunt selected a group of people who were _5_ (experience) in climbing mountains in the whole British Empire. In the group, Edmund Hilary _6_ (select) from New Zealand, and Tensing Norgay was actually recruited (招收) from India where he lived. Before climbing, the expedition had been organized and planned for months. They made nine camps on their way up, some of _7_ have been still used by climbers up to now.In fact, the first team made _8_ to the place which was just 300 feet below the summit, _9_ they left on May 26. They actually had already reached the point that no man had reached before. They were forced to leave because of the bad weather and because there were _10_ (problem) with their oxygen tanks.本文讲述了1953年Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay和他们的团队成功登上珠穆朗玛峰，成为第一批到达峰顶的人。1in解析：考查固定搭配。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事，故答案为in。2to_reach解析：考查动词不定式。the first(second.)to do sth.第一(第二)做某事的，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故答案为to reach。3explorer解析：考查名词。句意：Edmund Hilary是一位新西兰的登山者、探索者和慈善家。结合句意可知答案为explorer。4led解析：考查过去分词。句意：这两人都是1953年John Hunt率领的第九次珠穆朗玛峰英国考察队的队员。the ninth British expedition to Everest 和lead之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案为led。5experienced解析：考查固定结构。be experienced in doing sth.在做某事上有经验。故答案为experienced(有经验的)。6was_selected解析：考查被动语态。句意：Edmund Hilary从新西兰被选中。文章在讲述过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was selected。7which解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们在上山的过程中建造了9个营地，其中一些至今仍被登山者使用。本句包含一个非限制性定语从句，nine camps是先行词，指物；介词后面用whom(指人)、which(指物)引导定语从句，故答案为which。8it解析：考查固定搭配。make it成功做成某事，故答案为it。9but解析：考查并列连词。句意：事实上，第一支队伍到达了距离峰顶300英尺的地方，但他们在5月26日离开了。前后是一种转折，故答案为but。10problems解析：考查名词复数。句意：由于天气不好，而且他们的氧气罐有问题，他们被迫离开。此处是there be句型，根据were可知句子主语用复数形式，故答案为problems。.短文改错(2019天门市高三联考)My mother loves planting vegetabl