研究生英语goodtastebadtaste.ppt

Good Taste, Bad Taste,Postgraduate English Intensive Reading (I),Unit Seven,About the Author Words Study Phrases Language Points Exercises Assignment,Unit 7,About the Author,Stephen Bayley: (1951 ) British design consultant, writer, exhibition organizer and museum administrator; born on October 13, 1951, at Cardiff. He attended Quarry Bank School, Liverpool, Manchester University and Liverpool School of Architecture, and graduated with an M.A. He worked as Lecturer in History of Art at the Open University in 1974-1976 and the University of Kent in 19761980; director of Conran Foundation and subsequently the Boilerhouse Project and the Design Museum in 19801990; principal of Eye-Q Ltd . (design consultancy, now Redwood and Bayley Ltd.) in 1990 onwards; contributing editor of GQ in 1991 onwards. He lectured throughout the UK and abroad. Periodical Publishers Association Magazine granted him Columnist of the Year 1995, and France gave him Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres. His publications include: In Good Shape (1979), The Albert Memorial (1981), Conran Directory of Design (1985), Sex, Drink and Fast Cars (1986), Commerce and Culture (1989), Taste (1991), General Knowledge (1996), and many contributions to newspapers and magazines. His leisure interests include travel-related services, solitary sports, books. This passage deals with the subject of taste. Individuals differ in their tastes as well as in their accepts of what constitutes good taste. The passage provides a basis on which further discussions can be conducted and readers are encouraged to air their own views.,Words Study,sketch n. 1) a simple, rough drawing done quickly without much detail e.g. He has done a new sketch of Lady Gregory. The artists made several sketches before beginning the final painting. 2) a brief written or spoken description; an outline e.g. The book began with a sketch of the authors life. I will give you a sketch of what has happened.,Words Study,enchant v. fill with delight; charm The beautiful house enchanted everyone who saw it. He was enchanted by / with the idea. We were enchanted with the performance of opera. (The performance of the opera enchanted us.) enchanting adj. She is an enchanting girl. I have long thought of it as the most enchanting village in England. enchanted adj. The musicians were given a standing ovation (enthusiastic, prolonged applause) by the enchanted audience.,Words Study,recurrent adj. happening again and again; repeated e.g. He suffers from recurrent pains in his head. Inflation will be the recurrent problem we must face. She tried to rid herself of the recurrent memories of her unhappy childhood.,Words Study,restraint n. quality of being calm or controlled, of not showing strong feelings e.g. I think you showed great restraint in not hitting him after what he said. The wise man exercises restraint in his behavior and enjoyments. A work of art should show just the right amount of restraint.,Words Study,alternative n. a chance to choose or decide between two or more possible things, courses of action, etc.; something that may be taken or chosen instead of one or more others e.g. Im afraid I have no alternative but to cancel the project. There is but one alternative, we must leave. The judge offered the criminal the alternative of a fine or six months in prison.,Words Study,excess n. something more than is reasonable; lack of moderation e.g. His excesses in drinking shortened his life. An excess of rain may cause disastrous consequences. to excess e.g. It is harmful to eat to excess. She is generous to excess. Dont carry your grief to excess.,More to learn,Words Study,-ation probation / prE5beiFEn / n. 1.缓(刑)期，(以观后效的)察看；2.试用(期)，试读(期) specification / 7spesifi5keiFEn / n. 1.(常pl.)规格，规范；2.明确说明；3.(产品等的)说明书 complication / 7kCmpli5keiF(E)n / n. 1.(新出现的)困难，难题；2.并发症 irrigation / 7iri5eiFEn / n. 灌溉 reconciliation / 7rekEnsili5eiFEn / n. 和解，调和 aviation / 7eivi5eiFEn / n. 1.航空，航空学；2.飞机制造业 abbreviation / E7bri:vi5eiFEn / n. 缩写词 revelation / 7revi5leiFEn / n. 1.被揭示的真相，(惊人的)新发现；2.揭示，透露，显示 circulation / 7sE:kju5leiFEn / n. 1.(体液的)循环，(水、空气等的)流通；2.流传，传播，发行；3.发行量； 4.(货币等的)流通 automation / C:tE5meiFEn / n. 自动化(技术)，自动操作 indignation / 7indi5neiFEn / n. 愤怒，愤慨，义愤 discrimination / dis7krimi5neiFEn / n. 1.歧视；2.辨别力，识别力 assassination / E7sAsi5neiFEn / n. 刺杀，暗杀 ration / 5rAFEn / n. 1.配给量，定量；2.(常pl.)给养，口粮 vt. 配给供应，定量供应 federation / 7fedE5reiFEn / n. 1.联合会；2.联邦 collaboration / kE7lAbE5reiFEn / n. 1.(with) 与协作，与合作；2.与勾结 configuration / kEn7fiju5reiFEn / n. 配置，布局，构造 sensation / sen5seiFEn / n. 1.(感观的)感觉能力；2.感知，知觉；3.轰动，引起轰动的事件(或人物) vegetation / 7vedVi5teiFEn / n. 植物，草木 meditation / medi5teiFEn / n. 1.默想，默念；2.沉思，冥想，沉思录 imitation / imi5teiFEn / n. 1.模仿；2.仿制，仿制品；3.赝品 sanitation / sAni5teiFEn / n. 公共卫生，卫生设施 orientation / 7C:rien5teiFEn / n. 1.方向，目标，方位；2.熟悉情况，适应，情况介绍 notation / nEu5teiFEn / n. 记号，标记法 dissertation / 7disE(:)5teiFEn / n. 专题论文，学位论文 salvation / sAl5veiFEn / n. 1.拯救，解救；2.解救措施 innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 1.新方法，新事物；2.革新，创新,Words Study,-eous hideous / 5hidiEs / adj. 极其丑陋的，难看的 gorgeous / 5C:dVEs / adj. 1.华丽的，灿烂的，绚丽的；2.令 人十分愉快的，极好的 simultaneous / 7saimEl5teiniEs, 7simEl5teinjEs / adj. 同时发生 的，同时存在的，同步的 instantaneous / 7instEn5teinjEs / adj. 瞬间的，即刻的 homogeneous / 7hCmEu5dVi:njEs / adj. 同种类的，同性质 的，有相同特征的 erroneous / i5rEunjEs / adj. 错误的，不正确的 courteous / 5kE:tjEs / adj. 彬彬有礼的，客气的,Words Study,re- reassure / ri:E5FuE / vt. 使放心 reclaim / ri5kleim / vt. 要回，开垦(荒地)，回收 reconciliation / 7rekEnsili5eiFEn / n. 和解，调和 recur / ri5kE: / vi. 再发生，重现 refreshment / ri5freFmEnt / n. 1.(pl.)茶点，点心；2.(精力的)恢复，精 神爽快 refund / ri:5fQnd / n. 退款 vt. 退还(钱款) rehabilitate / 7ri:hE5biliteit / vt. 1.改造(罪犯等)，使恢复正常生活；2. 使恢复原状，修复；3.恢复的名誉 renovate / 5renEuveit / vt. 修复，整修如新 repay / ri:5pei / vt. 1.归还(款项)；2.报答 repel / ri5pel / vt. 1.使厌恶；2.击退，逐回，驱逐；3.排斥 reprisal / ri5praizEl / n. 报复，报复行动 retrieve / ri5tri:v / vt. 1.重新得到，取回，收回；2.挽回，补救；3.检索 revenge / ri5vendV / n. 报复，报仇 vt. 为报仇，报之仇 revision / ri5viVEn / n. 1.修订，修改，修正；2.修订本，修订版；3.复 习，温习 revive / ri5vaiv / vt. 使苏醒 vi. 恢复,Words Study,-ive (n.) olive / 5Cliv / n. 橄榄，橄榄树 adhesive / Ed5hi:siv / n. 粘合剂 adj. 可粘着的，粘性的 indicative / in5dikEtiv / adj. 1.(of)标示的，指示的，象征的；2.陈述的，直 陈的 n. 陈述语气 imperative / im5perEtiv / adj. 1.必要的，紧要的，极重要的；2.命令的 n. 1.必要的事，必须完成的事；2.祈使语气(的动词) cooperative / kEu5CpErEtiv / n. 1.合作社；2.合作商店(或企业等) adj. 1. 有合作意向的，乐意合作的；2.合作的，协作的 derivative / di5rivEtiv / n. 派生物，衍生物 adj. 非独创性，模仿他人的 additive / 5Aditiv / n. 添加剂 fugitive / 5fju:dVitiv / n. 逃亡者，亡命者 adj. 1.(企图)逃跑的，逃亡的； 2.短暂的，易逝的 incentive / in5sentiv / n. 刺激，鼓励 locomotive / 7lEukE5mEutiv, 5lEukE7mEutiv / n. 机车 captive / 5kAptiv / n. 俘虏 adj. 被俘虏的，被捕获的,Phrases,keep up with: remain level with, be fully informed of e.g. Tom worked hard to keep up with the other students. How do you keep up with the latest styles in fashion? It is extremely important for us to keep up with the changes in the international situation.,Phrases,(may / might) as well (do sth.): without loss and possibly with gain e.g. You may as well wait upstairs. I may as well tell you straight away that I really cannot do much about it. After the dog ran away, father thought he might as well sell the dog house.,Phrases,be better off: be in a better position; be wise to choose (doing something) e.g. Youd be better off leaving the country. Because of his asthma, he would be better off in a different climate. be well / badly off: have (not) a lot of money or supplies of something e.g. Jim is not rich, but hes not badly off. It doesnt matter if your husband isnt well off, if he can make you happy.,Para. 2: Before the age of mass production, taste used to be the province of an educated elite. Here “province” means “a branch of thought, knowledge, or study considered as having fixed limits”. the province of an educated elite 有教养的社会名流,Language Points,Para. 3: it is rather as the novelist Arnold Bennett put it: good taste might be better than bad, but bad taste is certainly better than no taste at all. Here “as the novelist Arnold Bennett put it” is a parenthesis; “good taste no taste at all” is a predicative clause with the connective word “that” omitted.,Language Points,Para. 5: Since the 18th century when taste was first discussed, people have believed that it was an endowment of an elite, handed down to those poor souls below who wanted to better themselves. Here “handed down to better themselves” is a participial phrase which functions as an adverbial and gives an accompanying state. The adverb “below” in this participial phrase modifies its antecedent “souls”.,Language Points,Para. 7: Learn these and youre in there with the tastemakers. Here “be in with” means “to be friendly with.” More examples: 1) As he was in with the management, he got to know things before the other employees did. 2) They are in with the junior executive set.,Language Points,Para. 9: Underpinning what is always thought to be good taste are recurrent ideas such as refinement, restraint, appropriateness and good manners. Here in the sentence there is an inversion of subject and verb: “Underpinning are recurrent it ideas ” The clause “what is always thought to be good taste” is an object clause. It is the object of the verb “underpin”.,Language Points,Para. 18: It cannot be long before it is generally realized that perfect proportions and understated elegance are superior to meretricious ornament, flashy standing only for the degree of social pretentiousness (which) they exude. This is a complex sentence. The principal clause is “It cannot be long”. “It” here is used with expression of time. The subordinate clause is “before it is generally realized that they exude”. It is an adverbial clause of time. Notice here: “it” is used as a formal subject, the real subject is the following that-clause. And in this “that-clause” an attributive clause “they exude” is introduced, qualifying the antecedent “pretentiousness”.,Language Points,Translation,A. 在所有那些有一定自尊又有相当内容的报纸的中间部分都有一些版面，以其独到的眼光和创造性而办得比头版更具色彩。在诸如“微型市场”这样的红字栏目下，挤满了密密麻麻的醒目小广告，并附有大量的轮廓线条插图。这些广告宣传的奇异商品比天方夜谭中阿拉丁的山洞宝库更加琳琅淋目。 这些广告代表着一种亚文化，甚至包括它自己的语言和标志。它的叙事语言都用最高级，它唯一的语法规则是惊叹号。 I所提供的全部商品的共同特征是以某种确实很独特的方式极其诱人地使生活丰富多彩。这些商品总是能够满足制造出来的需求，因为这是一种在广告出现之前几乎毫无例外地并不存在的需求。,Translation,B. 1. One of the unhealthy trends today is that many people spend too much money just trying to keep up with the Joneses. 2. Since he doesnt give you a chance to make a choice, you might as well refuse his offer. 3. Imagine what stories the things you have bought will tell and you will be careful about taste next time when you buy. 4. Anything we put into the market sells well because people have convictions trust in quality of our companys products.,Translation,5. Youd not be better off just acquiescing like this. 6. In old times, the design of furniture got out of touch with real life. Needless ornamentation (decorations) made us forget what furniture was really for. Modern design aims at simplicity and efficiency, getting rid of all that is inessential, but providing what is pleasing and useful. A piece of fine modern furniture should never be seen in isolation, but as part of a setting. Only then can we judge its shape, color and utility, and say whether it is in good taste or not.,Writing,On Buying Clothes Clothes play two major roles: functional (or practical), and decorational (or esthetical). When we buy clothes, there are more factors to take into consideration: size, price and durabil