UNIT8(机械专业英语).ppt

UNIT 8 The English Grammars for Science and Technology Articles（）,The English Grammars for Science and Technology Articles（） 1） The prefix 2） The suffix 3） Words learning,Prefix,pre- = 前 preface封面（pre-前，face-脸、面，封面） prefix 前缀 preposition 前置词 pre- = 预先 pre-loading 预加载荷 prerecord v. 预先记录 preheat v. 预热 predetermine v.预定、预算,pro- = 向前、在前 progress前进，进步（pro-往前，gress-前进，往前前进前进，进步） prologue 前言 prolong 延长 project 计划、发射 promote 促进、晋升 pro- = 代理、代替 pronoun 代词 proto- = 原始 prototype 原型,re- = 回、向后 retreat 撤退、退休、 return 归回，收回 recall 召回、回忆 re- = 再、重复、重新 recycle 回收，重复 reciprocating movement 往复运动 reprint 重印、再版 reevaluation 重新评估 re- = 相反、反对 reaction 反应、反作用 reversal 相反，反向 resist 反抗、抵抗,semi- = half semifinal 半决赛 semipermanent 半永久性的 semiconductor 半导体 sub- = 下 subway 地铁 sub- = 次、亚、准 subassembly 子装配,com-(con/cor/col)共 compose 组成，构成（com-共同，pose-摆放，往共同的地方摆放组成、构成） connect 联系（con-共同，nect=neck-脖子，相同的脖子，拥有同一个脖子的连接、联系） per- 每一个，一直 perfect 完美的（per-每一个，fect-做，制造，每一件事都做了完美的）,im /in/ il / ir- 否定-不 impurity 杂质（im-不，purity纯度） incorrect 不正确的（in-不，correct-正确的不正确的） illegal 不合法的（il-不，leg-词根：law, al-的非法的） irregular 不规则的（ir-不，regular-规则的）,The suffix,动词后缀：-ate, -ify, -ise（-ize）, -ish. realize 认识到，了解，实现，达到; rotate 旋转，转动 ; finish 完成; amplify 放大;,名词后缀：-a, -ar, -ary, -age, -ance, -ancy, -ant, -ent, -ence, -ency, -er, -el, -le， -ice, -icy, -ity, -ine, -ion resultant 合的，合力；moment 力矩；deformation 变形； abrasive 磨料，研磨剂；,形容词后缀：-al,-ial, -ual, -ant, -ent, -ive, -ite, -ile, -ic, -id,-ous, -ious, -uous tensile 拉力的; torsional 扭转的，扭力的；rigid 僵直的、刻板的（rig-词根：直）； resultant 合的，合力；suspicious 怀疑的;,Words Learning ： deal with 涉及，论及，与打交道 1. The physical and chemical properties of the stainless steel are dealt with in this article. 本文论及了不锈钢材料的物理化学性质。 2. The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts: statics and dynamics.,be made up of 由组成 / 构成 (整体由部分组成) Cast-iron is made up of about six different substances. 铸铁大约由六种不同的物质组成 。 constitute 构成，组成 （部分组成整体） Ferrite and carbon constitute the mild steel. 铁素体和碳组成低碳钢。 be composed of / consist of 由组成 / 构成 The machine is composed of several different parts. 这台机器由几种不同的部件组成。,component 1. 普通词义：成分，要素，组成的 Please analyse the component parts of this sentence. 请分析这个句子的成分。 2. 专业词义：零件，部件，元件 This factory supply components for the car industry. 这个工厂为汽车制造业提供零件 。 Faulty of control system caused by the failure of an electronic component. 控制系统故障是由于一个电子元件失效引起,failure 1.普通词义:失败,不成功 2.专业词义:故障,失效,失灵,损坏 Failure is the mother of success. （= Failure teaches success.） 失败是成功之母。 Bearing failure caused by lack of oil. 润滑油不足导致轴承损坏。 be analyzed 分析，解析 The main experimental problems are analyzed with the method of ultra-low-frequency measurements. 用这种超低频测量方法分析了主要的实验问题。,be transmitted into / tothrough把通过传递给 The piston movement is transmitted into / to the wheels through a crankshaft. 活塞的运动通过曲轴传递给轮子。 result in 导致,引起,产生 (结果)（lead to, bring on, conduce to,） Standardizing the size of the blades result in / lead to / bring on / conduce to production costs being lowered. 叶片尺寸的标准化，能使(导致)生产成本不断降低。,operate on 作用在上 ( work on, place on, act on) 1. The moment operating / working / placing /acting on the rotation axis is 20 N/M. 作用在旋转轴上的力矩为20N/M. 2. A force which acts on an object is opposed by an equal and opposite reaction. 作用于物体上的力会受到大小相等、方向相反的反作用力。 parallel to 平行，平行的，平行面，平行线，类似的 There are two hundred kilometers that road runs parallel to a railway. 那条公路和铁路平行延伸二百公里。,take into account 重视, 考虑 Security should be taken into account during experiment. 实验期间必须重视安全问题。 given application 特定的应用，指定的应用 This equation can only be used in a given application. 这个公式只能用于指定的应用情况。 operating condition 工作条件，工件环境 Operating condition should be improved for grinding workers. 应为磨削工人们改善工作环境。,be dependent on 依靠，依赖，取决于, 与有关 1. The behavior of the entire machine is dependent on the design of the cam motion. 整台机器的特性都取决于凸轮运动的设计。 2. The steel will be mild or hard dependent on the proportion of carbon it contains. 钢的软硬与它的含碳量有关。 in service 使用中，运行中 1. A good maintenance makes the machine in good service. 良好的设备维护确保设备良好的运行。 2. This new optical device will put in service next week. 这台新的光学仪器将于下周投入使用。,Assembly 1. 普通词义：集会，集合 The national assembly have met to discuss the crisis. 国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。 . 专业词义：装配，安装，装置 Each component is carefully checked before assembly. 每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。 disassembly 拆卸，拆除，分解，解体 For repairing the transmission system we have to make disassembly to some parts of the lathe . 要对这台车床传动系统进行维修，必须拆卸某些部件。,mechanism 普通词义: 机制; 机构 专业词义: 机构, 机械装置, 机械系统 1. Accounting mechanism control capitals in normal operation. 会计机制控制资金的正常运转。 2. A cam mechanism is used in this device to realize the function of up and down for workpiece. 本装置采用一个凸轮机构来实现工件的升降作用。,consequences 结果，后果，影响 A machine without proper oil will cause failure consequences。 不对机器进行润滑保养会导致各种故障。 encounter 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 1. He encountered many difficulties when he first started this job. 他开始做这项工作时，遇到许多困难。 2. The tool of high speed steel should be selected when encountering a harder material. 碰到加工较硬的材料时，要选用高速工具钢。,measure 度量，尺寸，措施，测量，量具 1. All the necessary measures should be taken for the safety in this important experiment. 需采取一切必要的措施保证这次重要实验中的安全。 2. The measures including micrometer, calipers, depth gauge etc. 量具包括千分尺、卡尺、深度尺等。 3. The inch measures length. 英寸是长度的测量单位。 maintain 维持，坚持，维修，保养 1. He brought enough food to maintain life and left for forest. 他带够了足够维持生命的食物然后向森林出发了。 2. Engineers maintain all machines once a year. 机械师每年将全部设备维修一次。,nonlinear relationship 非线性的，非直线的 1. The output voltage and input current in this circuit are nonlinear relationships. 这个电路的输出电压与输入电流是一种非线性关系。 The deformation of a metal bar on an elongation test machine and the force on it are nonlinear relationships after its elastic deformation. 在拉伸试验机上拉伸金属棒,在弹性变形之后其变形量与所加的力成非线性关系。 be linear with 与成线性关系 Deformation of a spring is linear with the force applied on it. 弹簧的变形量与施加在其上的作用力成线性关系。,distribute 分布，分配，供给 The heat is distributed evenly throughout the material. 热量在整个材料内部均匀分布。 concern 与有关系，关心，concerning 关于 We are deeply concern about the property of this new material. 我们非常关心这种新材料的性能。 define 给下定义，规定，界定，解释 1. The boundary conditions should be defined before the electron optics computation. 在进行电子光学计算之前，必须先界定边界条件。 2. The property of this new material is defined in the article. 本文解释了这种新材料的特性。,include 包括，把包括在内；(反意词:exclude ) The steel includes ferrite and carbon. 钢包括铁素体和碳。 drawing 图，制图，视图 All detail drawings and an assembling drawing should be given. 应给出全部零件图和一张装配图。 possess 具有，掌握，支配 This new material possesses the property of superconductivity. 这种新材料具有超导电性,product 乘积, 产品，产物 1. Most of this kind of industrial products are sold abroad. 这种工业产品大部分销往国外。 performfunction 实现功能, 起作用 1. This program performs optic calculating function in the computer. 该程序在计算机上实现光学计算功能。 2. Bolts and nuts perform fastening function on the machine