2019_2020学年高中英语Unit3ScienceversusnaturePeriodFiveGrammar—Verb_edform课件.pptx

,Unit 3,Science and nature,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,Period Five GrammarVerb-ed form,PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题,语法感知,以上句中，句1、句2的过去分词(短语)作 ；句3的过去分词(短语)作 ；句4的过去分词(短语)作 ；句5中的过去分词在句中作 。,查看答案,定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语,一、动词过去分词的构成和意义 1.动词-ed形式的构成 动词-ed形式通常是由动词后加“-ed”构成的，少数动词的-ed形式有不规则变化形式。 注意：动词-ed形式无时态和语态的变化。,语法精析,2.动词-ed形式的意义 及物动词的-ed形式既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成，不表被动。 The books，written by Lu Xun，are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。(表被动和完成) Once recovered，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. 他一康复就投身到他的工作中去，并且尽一切努力把它做好。(只表完成),二、动词过去分词的语法功能 1.作定语 动词-ed形式作定语，表示动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。动词-ed形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被其所修饰的名词。及物动词的-ed形式作定语，与被修饰词之间是被动关系；不及物动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作的完成。 Dolly the sheep is the worlds first cloned mammal. 多利羊是世界上第一个被克隆的哺乳动物。,We should drink boiled water.我们应该喝开水。 A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. 启动于1989年的一个水土保持项目使得农民退耕还林或退耕还草。 The carbon produced when we breathe is much less than that produced by cars. 我们呼吸产生的碳远远少于汽车产生的碳。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground. 在地上有一些落叶。(不及物动词fall的-ed形式fallen不表示被动，只表示动作的完成),学法点拨 单个的动词-ed形式作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语，一般要放在被修饰词的后面。 Because of pollution，the caught fish were not fit to eat. 由于污染，捕到的鱼不适宜吃。,2.作表语 动词-ed形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。动词-ed形式作表语时，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时的动词-ed形式相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。 The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。 Our classroom is crowded.我们的教室很拥挤。 The ground is covered with snow.地上覆盖着雪。,学法点拨 表示人的心理、情绪变化的一些动词-ed形式(surprised，disappointed，delighted，excited，pleased)及其他一些动词-ed形式(dressed，drunk，devoted，lost，known，married，bent，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。 I was excited to hear our team had won. 我听到我们队已经获胜的消息后感到很兴奋。 He is dead drunk.他喝得烂醉。,误区警示 被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟“by动作的执行者”。 The new tissues and organs are used to cure diseases by doctors.这些新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。 A great number of trees were planted by volunteers to stop the wind from blowing the soil away. 为了阻止风把泥土吹走，志愿者们栽种了大量的树。,3.作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。 The villagers had many trees planted then. 村民们那时种了很多树。 In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. 早上人们一醒来就发现屋外的世界完全变了样。,学法点拨 能用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下三类： make，get，have，keep等使役动词。此类动词使用最广泛。 We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow.因为我们明天做实验想用这台机器，所以我们需要立即找人把它修好。 The thief kept his money hidden in his shoes. 那个小偷把钱藏在鞋子里。,see，hear，feel等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 The mother cant stand seeing her baby left alone at home.母亲不能忍受她的孩子被独自一人留在家里。 like，want，wish，order等表示希望、愿望、命令等意义的动词。 The manager doesnt like such questions discussed at the meeting.经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。,链接 with复合结构，即“with复合宾语”结构，它是由“with宾语(名词或代词)非谓语动词(分词、动词不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”构成的一种结构。当宾语补足语是动词-ed形式时，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。with复合结构通常在句子中作状语，也可以作定语，修饰前面的名词。 With all the work done，we went to play basketball. 所有的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。 The fellow stood there with his hands crossed. 那个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。,The farmers have a good harvest with all the crops got in. 庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。 With a lot of work to do，she doesnt have time to go to the cinema. 有很多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。 With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the exam.有这位优秀的老师教我们英语，我们没有困难通过考试。 Do you know the man with a book in his hand? 你认识手里拿着一本书的那个人吗？ Throw away the container with its cover sealed. 把封着盖子的那个容器扔掉。,4.作状语 动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等。 作时间状语 Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball. 从月球上看，被水覆盖了大约70%表面的地球就像是一个蓝色的球体。,作原因状语 Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room. 因为那个女孩被晚上的电闪雷鸣吓坏了，所以她不敢独自在她的房间里睡觉。 作条件状语 Given a chance，I would prove myself. 给我一个机会，我会证明自己。 作伴随状语 The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. 那个男孩坐在桌旁埋头做作业。,三、动词-ed形式与从句的转换 1.动词-ed形式作时间状语可以转换成时间状语从句 When given a medical examination(When you are given a medical examination)，you should keep calm. 当你做体检时，你应该保持镇定。 2.动词-ed形式作原因状语可以转换成原因状语从句 Depressed(Since he was depressed)，he went to see his elder sister.他感到沮丧，就去找他姐姐了。,3.动词-ed形式作条件状语可以转换成条件状语从句 Grown in rich soil(If they are grown in rich soil)，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 误区警示 动词-ed形式作伴随状语可以转换成并列谓语或并列句。 They came in，followed by some children.(They came in and were followed by some children. They came in and they were followed by some children.) 他们进来了，后面跟着一些孩子。,单句语法填空 1.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take). (2018天津) 2.Ordinary soap， (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. (2018北京) 3.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.(2017北京) 4.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.(2017浙江),高考链接,taken,查看答案,used,spent,swept,5.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message _ (hide) within the work.(2016江苏) 6.A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015全国) 7. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(2015重庆) 8.Much time (spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江苏),查看答案,hidden,conducted,Raised,spent,PART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.The museum， (locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot，covers an area of 5,000 square meters. 2.The new film (base) on a real person is very popular with most Chinese. 3.The cart got (stick) in the mud，but the farmer made no effort to get it out. 4.He is now talking with his mother， (try) to persuade her to allow him to go out. 5.When he entered the classroom，he found some villagers (seat) in the classroom.,located,based,stuck,trying,seated,.用所给动词的正确形式填空,查看答案,6.The old man lay (trap) under the building ruins for quite a long time. 7.With great efforts (focus) on the conservation project，the number of some rare animals is steadily increasing. 8.Yesterday a (retire) scientist gave us a lecture，who is now in his seventies. 9.He was (discourage) when he heard his mothers words. 10.When the soldier woke up，he found himself (surround) by some children.,trapped,focused,retired,discouraged,查看答案,surrounded,11.Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washing. 12.Children，when accompanying by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. 13.The suggestion making by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 14.My son was very disappointing when he heard the news. 15.Seeing from the top of the tower，the old city looks more beautiful.,查看答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),washed,accompanied,made,disappointed,Seen,16.Th