高中英语语法：定语从句课件.ppt

定语从句,The Attributive Clause,定 语 从 句,定语从句的相关概念 关系代词、关系副词的基本用法 that和which用法的区别 as和which用法的区别 关系代词前介词的确定,1.定义：,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,2.先行词：,被修饰的名词或代词,关系代词、关系副词：,3.引导定语从句的词,关系代词：,关系副词：,when, where, why等,who, whom, whose, which, that等,定语从句的相关概念,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,关系代词,Summarize,关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用： 1. 引导一个定语从句； 2.在从句中代替先行词； 3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。,I like the man who is thinking now.,The teacher whom I love very much is Ms. Wang.,The girl who is raising her hand is my sister.,He is the policeman who told me the way yesterday.,This is a truck which is made in China.,A quilt is something that can keep you warm when you sleep.,The jar which I put some sugar in is brown.,The piano is instrument that is loved by many people.,A tanker is a machine which is very powerful in a war.,I lost the glasses that/which I bought in Beijing.,1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _ I met is Lucy. 3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book _you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together.,who,whom,whose,that,which,/,that,which,一、 that 和which用法的区别,(1) 先行词为 everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first book (that) he has read.,1、宜用that不用which的情况,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the next, the last修饰时。,This is the very book that belongs to him.,先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl (that) drove the car? 当先行词又有人又有物时。 eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.,(7) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people (that) didnt know the thing.,1. Is there anything else_you want to say? A.which B.that C.it D.who,B,13. In his will,the old man offered everything_he had to the country. A.that B.what C.whatever D.which,A,14. All_is needed is a supply of oil. A.the thing B.that C.what D.which,B,18. You may see any film_this afternoon. A.that you interest B.that interests you C.which you are interested D.which interests you,B,16. The only language_is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A.which B.whose C.if D.that,D,2. The last place_we visited was the Palace Museum. A.where B.which C.that D.what,C,31. This is the very man _ spoke at the meeting this morning,_came from America. A.who;that B.whom;whom C.that;who D.that;that,C,先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。,We talked about the things and persons _we saw then. A that B which C when D where,A,1. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.,2. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.,3. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,4.This is the bike by that I go to school every day.,5.She heard a terrible noise, that brought her heart into her mouth.,who,that,which,that,which,that,that,which,which,that,二、as与which引导定语从句时的区别,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。,2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.,4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。,3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 .,e.g.She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected,e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,1. It rained hard yesterday,_prevented us from going to the park. A. that B.which C.as D. it,2._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. As C.That D.What,3. Chongqing is not the same city _ we have seen in other places. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. as,B,B,D,（90 NMET) He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _ had not been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which,Key:D,(2000NMET) Alec asked the policeman_ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with whom B. who C. with him D. whom,Key:A,三、关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前） There are many trees under (which) they can have a rest.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2) 在非限制性定语从句中 Football , (which) is a very popular game, is played all over the world.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：,e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,1. The knife _ we used to cut the bread is very sharp. A. which B. with that C. with it D. with which,2. The beautiful dress_ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A. in which B. worn by C. wearing which D. that,3. I have two ballpens,_ writes well. A. neither of them B. none of them C. neither of which D.none of which,D,A,C,四、关系副词when, where, why的用法,关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语,1.Do you still remember the day when(on which) we went to visit the museum together?,When=in/at/on/+which;,Where=in/at/on/+which;,Why=for /+which,2.This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.,3.This is the reason why(for which) he was late.,五、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分,a、This is the place where he works.,This is the place which(that)we visited last year.,b、That was the time when he arrived.,Do you still remember the days that (which)we spent together?,c、This is the reason why he went.,The reason that (which)he gave us was quite reasonable.,(94 NMET) _ is known to all, China will be an _powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A.That;advancing B. This;advanced C. As;advanced D. Which; advanced,Key: C,This is the hotel_ we will stay at. This is the hotel_ we will stay. This is the hotel_ we will stay. This is the hotel_we will visit. This hotel is_ we will stay at. This hotel is_ we will visit. This hotel is_ we will stay. This hotel is_ we will visit.,that,where,at which,that,which,the one that,the one that,where,what,限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略,引导词： 关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.,Mr.king, whose leg was badly hurt, was taken to hospital quickly.,The boss in whose department Mr.king worked had heard about the accident.,1.Do you still remember the day _I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D. where,2.Im going to visit the school _ my mother taught physics ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. what,3.She is not the woman _ she was before. A. what B. that C. who D. as,C,A,B,.4.She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, _I found quite strange. A. which B. that C. what D. when,5.We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. to where B. to which C. that D. which,6.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because,A,B,B,7. The baby _is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is ta