高中英语总复习介词课件.ppt

08高考介词,介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词+名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）。介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。 高考重点要求： *介词的含义及在句中的作用。 *介词+宾语构成短语的作用。 *介词短语在句子中的功能的理解。,1、(08全国卷I 24) Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by,as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。 like作“象一样”解。 如：Let me speak to you as a father. Let me speak to you like a father.,2、(08全国卷II 15) Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about,表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。 如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science,3、(08上海卷25) The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with B. on C. in D. to,4、(08上海春卷 25) Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools _ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on,for表示目的，“为了”： struggle for existence 生存竞争 go out for a walk 出去散步,5、(08北京卷 33) If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out,经；由；从 to enter by the door 由门进去,6、(08福建卷23) A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by,by“通过方法、手段”： They travel by carbustrainairsea他们乘汽车公共汽车火车飞机轮船旅行。 You can reserve tickets by phone Its not fair to judge people by their appearances以貌取人是不公平的。 They put out the fire by pouring water on it.,7、(08辽宁卷 33)I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of,表示结果、效果致, 致使 shoot a wolf to death 把狼射死 tear to pieces 扯碎 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊 to no purpose 落空,恰到好处,prep. 表示方向、时间朝.方向; 向; 往; 到 from north to south 从北到南 ten minutes to nine 9 点差10分 表示终点、程度、范围达到, 到; 趋于, 倾向 be tired to death 累得要死 to a certain degree extent 到某种程度范围 表示对立, 反面, 对应针对; face to face 面对面 contrary to it 与此相反 表示对比、比较、选择比; 对 equal to . 等于 prefer to The picture is true to life. 这画栩栩如生。,表示间接关系给., 于. I give a book to him. 我给他一本书。 It seems to me that. 在我看来. 表示目的为了; 作为 come to the rescue 前来营救 drink to ones health 为某人的健康干杯 to that end 为了那个目的 表示对象于; 对于 be open to public 向公众开放 duty to the state 对于国家的义务 the right answer to a question 对问题的正确回答 to my knowledge 就我所知,表示结合, 归属归于 belong to 属于 the key to my office 我办公室的钥匙 a private secretary to the minister 部长的私人秘书 表示适合; 配合; 按照按, 按照; 随同 sing dance to the music 配合音乐唱歌跳舞 not to ones taste 不合.所好 表示关连、联系对于, 至于, 关于 What did she say to that? 关于那件事她说些什么?,表示数量与单位的关系每 12 to the dozen 一打有十二个 50 persons to the square kilometre 每平方公里五十人 表示原因由于 fall to ones opponents blows 受到对手的打击而倒下 to oneself专对; 专为.单独所有所用 have the room to oneself 独住一间 think to oneself 自忖 keep oneself to oneself 不与人来往,8、(08安徽卷23) Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to,ininto；ononto in与on通常表示静态方位，意为“在里”和“在上”；而into与onto则表示动态位移，意为“往里”和“往上”。如： Professor Carl dipped one of his fingers into the mixture and then took it out and sucked it. I saw a mouse jumped onto the table and began to eat the bread.,9、(08湖南卷27) When did you last hear _ Jay? He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on,agree on对意见一致 agree with 一致；相符合 agree with sb. 同意某人的话 适宜健康；与相宜 The liquor did not agree with me. 这酒不适合我喝。,10、(08陕西卷19) Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams. at B. beyond C. within D. upon,11、(08全国卷II 19) The house still needed a lot of work, but _ the kitchen was finished. instead B. altogether C. at once D. at least,介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法： at once, at last, at least,12、(08山东卷 32)I began to feel _ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. at home B. at heart C. at will D. at sight,13、(08天津卷 10)Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students _ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of,14、(08湖北卷30)When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have _ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store,in惯用成语 in all in advance in the meantime in place in hopes of(或in the hope of) in connection with in contact with in addition to in case of in conflict with in force in depth in regard to in the least in the neighborhood of in alarm in the opinion of in the long run in ones opinion in word in a word in vain in case in detail in haste in conclusion in spite of in return in other words. in the name of be confident in be interested in in doubt in love in debt in hesitation in wonder in public (secret) in a good humour,15、(08天津卷 15)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place,from，out of二词均表示来源或出处。from注重起点，意为“从”；out of侧重于从里向外，意为“从里”。如： The shouting of the soldiers drilling could be heard from the playground. She took the passport out of her handhag and showed it to the policeman.,16、(08江苏卷 28)Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? Because the old one has been damaged _. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description,beyond一词用法和含义较为复杂。一方面，该词可以表示具体的位置关系，另一方面，也可以表示抽象的意义。,The sea is beyond that hill大海在山的那边。,He never sees beyond the present.他从未看到将来。,Your work is beyond all praise 你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。,She was really touched beyond words 她确实感动得无法形容。,1)Solving the problem is _my capacity. A.out of B. more than C. over D. beyond 2)He argue_ smoking, and insisted that it was _argument that smoking was harmful to health. A.for;beyond B.against;over C.for;over D.against;beyond,17、(08浙江卷17)Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of,【解析】 except后接名词或代词，意思是“除之外”，表示从整体中除掉部分。except for后接名词或代词，意思是“除之外”，表示两种事物的类比。如：Your composition is very good, except for some mistakes. except that引导句子。besides后接名词或代词，前边常有other，else等，意思是“除以外还有”。she is from Beijing是一个句子，只有except that才能引导从句。,18、(08浙江卷19)Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all,一、根据短文内容，用一个适当的介词或副词填入句中空白处。,One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to town. Suddenly the bag fell _ his horse onto the road. He couldnt get it back_ the horses back because it was too heavy for him to lift _ himself. He only hoped that somebody would soon pass _ and help him. Just _ that moment a man