高三英语一轮复习课件Book3Unit4.ppt

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,地球 _ 木星 _ 火星 _ 水星 _ 海王星 _,F. 冥王星 _ G. 土星 _ H. 天王星 _ I. 金星 _,Earth,Jupiter,Mars,Mercury,Neptune,Pluto,Saturn,Uranus,Venus,Sun,Venus,Mercury,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Earth,Pluto,Neptune,Uranus,Sun,Earth,Moon,Satellites 卫星,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、性和词义写出下列单词。 1._E5strRnEmE(r) n. 天文学家 2._5AtmEsfiE n.大气层 3._5vaiElEntadj.猛烈的 4._iks5plEudvt.&vi.使爆发 5._5sIstEm n. 系统 6._5hB:mfJl adj. 有害的 7._di5velEpmEntn. 发展 8._ _ 5lEubEl adj.全球性的 9._di5pend vi.依靠 10._i5zist vi.存在,exist,astronomer,atmosphere,violent,explode,system,harmful,development,global,depend,11._5prezns n.出席 12._9dIsEpRIntId adj.失望的 13._5rAdjJElI adv.逐渐地 14._5rAviti n.重力 15._5lesn vt.减少 16._mAs n.质量 17._ tFiEvt.&vi.使高兴 18._ 5meWEdn.方法 19._5dVenErEli adv.一般地 20._ i5zC:stvt.耗尽,presence,disappointed,gradually,gravity,lessen,mass,cheer,method,generally,exhaust,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个适当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. As a young man he didnt know he was _ world fame later on. (win) 2. Most parents dont allow their children _ because it does harm to health. (smoke ) 3. he sent me a gift made me happy . 4. he sent me made me happy . 5. It is a surprise Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.,to win,to smoke,That,What,that,6. A great dust cloud formed in the sky out the sunlight. ( block) 7. The universe began a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. 8. As for me, you can pass the exam _on whether you will work harder than before . 9. Zhang Ming as well as I the members of the foot team .both of us are of playing football. 10. The rain prevent us from out for picnic this afternoon.,blocking,with,will depend,whether,is,playing,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. She him with her belief and her competence. (energy) 2. With the of the society. We live a better life than before .(develop) 3. Smoking is no doubt to your health. (harm) 4. we are going to hold a party on Saturday evening. we shall be very glad to have your .(present) 5. Though he is an orphan, he leads a happy . (exist),energized,development,harmful,presentation,existence,6. Women and kids are often hurt in family . (violent) 7. Although they are twins, they are very _ (like). 8. The news _us. When we heard the _news, we felt _. (disappoint) 9. Though he failed in the exam, the teachers words were a great _ to him. (encourage) 10. Do you know the _who is talking to Li Mei, who studied in our school. (physics)0,violence,unlike,disappointed,disappointed,disappointing,encouragement,physicist,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. 既然_ 2. 冷却_ 3. 依靠_ 4. 欢呼_ 5. 灭绝_ 6. 爆发_ 7. 轮流_ 8. 及时_,in time,now that,cool down,depend on,cheer up,die out,break out,in ones turn,9. as a result of_ 10. get the hang of_ 11. prevent from_ 12. block out _ 13. in all directions_ 14. give birth to_ 15. sooner or later_ 16. fall over_,摔倒,结果,掌握；熟悉,阻止；制止,挡住,各方向,产生；分娩,迟早,五、词组运用 词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。 1. He got to school _ though it rained heavily. 2. He was unable to go to work _ a result _ his fall from the horse. 3._ you are a student, you should study hard as the parents and teachers wish.,Now that,in time.,as,of,翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个适当的词组完成句子。 4. 她想存点钱买房，因此不想那么早生小孩 。 She wants to save some money for apartment. So she has no plan to to a child so soon. 5. 你能解释他们为什么吵起来了？你知道他们俩原是好朋友呀。 Can you explain the reason why the quarrel _ between them .You should know they were close friends. 6. 如果人类不注意保护环境，很多物种就会灭绝。 If Man dont pay attention to protect the environment .Most species will _,give birth,broke out,die out,句子翻译 从上述短语中选择适当的短语翻译下列句子。 7. 那男孩摔到了，摔破了头。 _ 8. 掌握学习方法对每个学生都重要。 _ _ 9. 我是否去旅游要视天气而定。 _ 10. 从各方而来的人们欢歌起舞。 _,People in all directions got together, sing and dancing.,The boy fell over, striking his head.,Getting a hang of the way to study is important to every student.,Whether I will go to travel will depend on the weather.,Language Data Bank,Language points for reading,1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 1) violent 猛烈的，激烈的 2) whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。,引导宾语从句既可以用whether, 也可以用if,两者常可以互换。 He asked me whether / if I could lend him my bike. Could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in Australia?,值得注意的是： whether 和if都可以和or not连用,但是whether之后可以直接跟or not,而if则不能,如： I dont care whether or not your car breaks down.,I dont know whether or not hes coming. 但是不可以说： I dont care if or not your car breaks down., whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构,如: I dont care if she doesnt come. I dont care if it doesnt rain.,但是,在某些动词或形容词之后,则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子,这种结构往往表示肯定的含义,如： I wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself. 其意思相当于:I think he does think too much of himself., 在个别动词之后, 如discuss 等, 只跟用whether引导的宾语从句, 如: They discussed whether they should close the shop. We discussed whether Mary could join us., whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not., whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能, 如: I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not.,引导主语从句 (包括从句在句首的位置) 应当用whether, 不用if, 如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure.,引导表语从句用whether,不用if, 如: The question is whether you should accept it. The question is whether he will speak at the meeting.,引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如: The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.,1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. I have just discuss _ we should give him enough help. 3. They had no idea _ or not they could achieve their goals.,Whether,whether,whether,2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water. in time: sooner or later; eventually; Ill see him in time. in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner.,与time相关的短语: in no time 立刻,马上 at times 有时 at a time 每次;依次 once upon a time 从前,on time 按时;准时 at one time 从前 for the time being 暂时 from time to time 不时地,3. .as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。 1) cool down 变凉, 冷却,2) appear “出现,似乎”是不及物动词当表示 “似乎,好像”时是系动词,该词无被动语态。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.,I. 含义上的差异 appear 是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的, 但实质上并不一定如此; seem是表示说话人主观上的判断, 暗含有一定的根据, 往往接近事实的判断; look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断, 实质上也可能如此。,She is fifty but she appears young. 她五十岁了,但看起来很年轻。(其实并非如此) Se seems young. (I think he is rich.) 她看起来很年轻。(根据个人的主观判断而推断出) She looks young. 她很年轻。(从他外表可出感觉出),II. 用法上的差异 appear, look, seem 后均可带名词、形容语、to be 结构。 The man who came yesterday appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 昨天来的那个人看来是一个诚实的人。,b. look 可用于进行时,而 seem, appear 一般不能。 He is looking very happy. 他现在看起来很高兴。,Remember !,c. appear 和 seem 之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而 look 之后除了能接to be 结构外,不接其它动词不定式形式。 She appeared to agree with you. 他好像同意你的意见。 They dont seem to have read this novel. 他们好像没有读过这本小说。,d. look, seem 能与介词 like 构成习语，意思是“看上去象”, 而 appear 却不能。例如: It seems like years since I last saw you . 自从上次见到你后,好像很久没有见到你了。 He looks like a student. 他看起来象个学生。,e. seem, look 后均可接 as if , as though 引导的表语从句,从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,而 appear 则不能。 It seemed / looked as if he had been to Beijing. 看起来他去过北京。,f. appear 和seem 均可接 that 引导的从句,而 look 不能。 It seems / appears that we wont finish this work today. 我们好像今天完不成这项工作。,g. appear 和 seem 可用于there be 结构中,而 look 不能。如: There appears to have been an accident . 好像出了一次事故。,4. by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放, 把 放在; 产卵 He laid his books on the desk. 注意: lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎,The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before. A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid,D,5. give birth to 1) 生（孩子） Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。 2) 产生 The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel. 这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。,6. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这就是使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。,The rules are intended to prevent accidents. (防止) What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening? prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事,I intend to go and nothing you do can prevent me! (阻止) Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out.,注意:与prevent sb. from doing sth.类似结构的有keep/stop sb. from doing sth.,但keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省,但如在被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。,7. the earth may become too hot to live on. 地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。,有关too的一些用法 too作 “太” 讲。 There is too much water.水太多了。 This shirt is too large for me. 这衬衫我穿起来太大。 The problem is rather too hard for me. 这个问题对我来说太难了。,2) 当“too adj.(形容词)inf.(动词不定式)”时,有两种不同的意义,一种为“太以至(不)”, 在翻译时要加上一个否定词;另一种是“太”,语意肯定, 但too后的形容词常用ready, heavy, beautiful等。,The question is too hard to understand.问题太难,理解不了。 He is too proud to see his own shortcomings. 他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。 You are too ready to find fault with others.你太爱挑别人的毛病了。,3) 当“only/all/not/buttoo adj. (形容词) inf. (动词不定式)”时, 后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与too连用等于very (非常)。,I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further. 我非常欢迎你再来信。 They are but too glad to do so. 他们非常喜欢这么做。 We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我们和工人们一起劳动, 非常高兴。,4) 在“cannotcan never.too”结构中，应理解为“无论怎样也不会过分”。 You cannot praise him too highly. 你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。,We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. 我们做实验无论怎样小心也不过分。 You can never be too careful of your health. 你越注意健康越好。,5) 当too用于数量增减时,表示“过 (多、少、长等)”的意思。 It is too long by half. 它长了一半。 He has given me six too many (few).他多(少) 给了我六个。 This rod is 3 inches too long. 这杆长了3英寸。,- Are you going to the football game? - No. The tickets are _ expensive for me. A. very much B. far too C. highly D. so much 解析: too+形容词+for sb. 表示 “太”, far 可置于too前表示 程度。,B,8. whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 在未来的千百万年中,生命能否在地球一延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。,depend vi. 相信,信赖;依靠,依赖 (尤指钱); 视而定 You can depend on John he is always on time. 你可以相信约翰,他总是很准时。,相关短语：,believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话） believe in sb. 信任/信赖某人 trust (in) sb. 相信/信任/信赖某人 depend on count on sb. rely on,信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人,Tell him what you want to say; hes a man to _. A. count B. believe C. trust D. depend 解析:相信/信赖某人:count on sb./believe in sb./depend on sb./trust (in) sb.,C,Practice,用所给动词的适当形式填空。 make, watch, wonder, be, cool, multiply, begin, exist, explode Where do we come from? How did the universe_? When we _ the stars through the telescope, we _ why the universe _ . After the “Big Bang”, the earth _ just a cloud of energetic dust.,begin,watch,wonder,exists,was,Somehow it _ loudly with fire and Rock, which _ the earths atmosphere. As the earth _ down, water _ to appear on its surface, which was important for the beginning of life. Then living things _ on the earth.,made,cooled,began,multiplied,exploded,Language points for Reading II,enough的用法: 1）用作代词：作主语或宾语。 You have done more than enough. 你已做得够多了。 I have had enough. Thank you. 我吃的已经够多的了，谢谢。,2）形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、后都可以。 I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足够的时间做此项工作。 3）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度: enough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。,long enough, easy enough, fast enough, quickly enough等。 但一般不说：enough long, enough easy, enough fast, enough quickly. The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子到上学的年龄了。,He couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢，追不上猫。 4）用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。 The meat is not cooked enough. 肉炖得不够熟。,If I had _ (足够长的假期), Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places. ( a long enough holiday / an enough long holiday),2. Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。 be off = set off 出发；动身 I am off today. 我今天不用上班。 We are off today. 今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。,与off相关的短语: set.off 送行 kick off 踢球 jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀,shut off 关闭 get off 下车 take off 脱下 turn off 关闭 pay off 付清；还清,3. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。,get close to 靠近，接近，指动态变化 be close to 距近，指状态 The school is close to the post office.,与get相关的短语: get along 相处融洽，进展等 get down to 开始认真对待，开始认真考虑 get on 上车 get through 到达；通过；办完，花光(钱、时间等)。 get to 到达,get down to; get on; get through; get to; get over; get up 1. Dont talk too much. Lets _ working. 2. Hurry up, or well be late to _ the bus. 3. Its easy to _ the difficulty. 4. I have _ a lot of papers. 5. She managed to _ the village.,get down to,get on,get over,got through,get to,1). “A + be + 倍数 + as +形容词原级 + as + B”. This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he. 2). “A + be + 倍数 +形容词比较级 + than + B ”,4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.,The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs. 我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。,3). “A + be + 倍数 + the +名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。, Do you regret _(pay) 100 dollars for the painting? No, I would gladly have paid _ (两倍那么多了)for it. ( paying; twice as much),讲解:regret后跟动名词的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的事情感到遗憾，常用来表达委婉。twice as much为倍数的表达法，在这里为省略形式，相当于twice as much as that。,5. . “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” 既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。,now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。,Translation: 1. 既然你忙, 就让我给你做吧。 Now that you are busy, let me do it for you. 2. 既然人都齐了, 咱们开始干吧。 Now that everyone is here lets start work,6. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. break out 它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。,1) 战争爆发 The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于1861年。 2) 发生争吵 A quarrel broke out between them. 他们之间发生了争吵。,3) (火灾)发生 A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。 与break相关的短语: break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉 break in 破门而入; 打断,break away from 脱离政党; 打破陈规 break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服 break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解 break ones word/promise 食言; 说话不算数,7. exhausting (sth); exhausted (sb),Grammar,Revision,Translate the following sentences.,1. 你迟早会成功的。 Youll succeed in time. 2. 我的车与你的不一样。 My car is different from yours. 3. 站在门旁边的那个人是谁？ Who is the person standing by the door?,4. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. 5. 既然你已经长大了，你自己决定吧。 Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.,Grammar,What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you.,“How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late. We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause.,主语从句 （Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。,用法：,1) 由what等代词引起的主语从句： What the teacher said today was quite right. 老师今天说的话是十分正确的。,2) 由连词that引起的主语从句： That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。 但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。,3) 由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided. 他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。,4) whatever, whoever也可引导主语从句。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。,注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. / n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 2) It +不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that. 似乎 It happened that. 碰巧,3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that. 据信;人们相信 It is suggested that. 有人建议,It must be pointed out that. 必须指出 It has been proved that. 已证明. 如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。,5) . 用于It is important / nat