人教版高中英语必修5Unit2词汇句型语法知识点详解.doc

_Unit 2 The United KingdomPart 1. Warming up1.Do this quiz and find out how much you know about the UK.be known as作为而出名be known for因。而出名Kate is well-known as a poet, but nor for speeches.2. How many countries does the UK consist of? consist vi.组成；在于；一致consist with.与一致 be consistent with.与一致运用 完成句子(1)这个俱乐部由大约 50 名会员组成。This club _ about 50 members.(2)理论应与实践相一致。Theory should _ practice.(3)这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。The beauty of the plan _ its simplicity(4)你的行为和你所说的不一致。Your conduct is not _ what you say.consists of consist with/be consistent withconsists in consistent with3. Who rules the UK.rule （1）v.统治，管辖；控制，支配；判定，裁定rule(over) sb./sth. 统治者Alexandria ruled(over)a large empire.亚历山大大帝统治着一个庞大的帝国。Dont let the desire for money rule your life.不要让追求金钱的欲望控制了你的生活。He lets his heart rule his head. 他感情用事。It is up to the court to rule on this matter.这件事由法院来裁定。 （2）n. (官方的或公认的)规则，章程，规章，条例Its against the rule to handle the ball in football.用手触球在足球比赛中是违反规则的。Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. England can be divided into three main o 把分成divide sth.(out/up) between/among sb.把某物分配给某人divide A by B A 除以 B辨析 o/separate.from(1)o 是把一个整体分割成若干部分。(2)separate.from separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的人或物分离开来，常与from连用。运用 完成句子(1)我们分成几个小组吧。Lets _ several groups.(2)孩子们，你们把这个蛋糕分了吃吧。Children, _ the cake up between/among you.(3)如果你把二十除以四，那么商是五。If you _ 20 _ 4, the answer is 5.(4)台湾海峡把台湾岛和福建省分隔开。The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan Island _Fujian Province.divide ourselves into divide divide y separates from2. You can clarify this question if you study British history. 如果你学习了英国历史,就能弄清楚这个问题。词语归纳clarify vt.阐明; 解释vi.变得清晰clarification (n.)阐明，解释，澄清clarify ones position/stand 澄清某人的立场3.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.这是“find 宾语 宾语补足语”的结构。有此用法的还有keep。find + 宾语 + 过去分词/现在分词/副词/介词短语/形容词/名词We found a group of children playing on the playground. (doing作宾补)We have found him a dishonest person. (名词作宾补)Im so glad to find you in. (副词作宾补)We found the shop closed.(done作宾补)根据中文提示完成句子(1) I found _(钱包被偷了) when I got to the cinema. (2) When the little boy woke up, he found _(自己躺在医院里)my wallet stolenhimself lying in the hospital4.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.高兴的是当苏格兰的James国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。5.However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰南部并不愿意,因此脱离出去建立了自己的政府。词语归纳break away from 逃脱，摆脱，破除，改掉break down 崩溃，身体垮了，（计划）失败，（机器等）坏了break into 强行闯入break in 插话break up 破碎,破裂,（会议）结束，学期结束break off中断,断绝break out爆发，突然发生 用break短语的适当形式填空 The poor man was so unlucky. A month ago, some strangers (1)_ his house and took him onto a truck. He didnt know who they were and where they would go. All the connection with his family was(2) _. After some days drive, the truck suddenly (3)_. And he caught the chance to (4)_ the strangers.broke into broken off broke down break away from 6.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (e.g.The currency and international relations),.值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系上，do/did/does + 动词原形 结构用来加强谓语动词的语气，相当于“的确；真的；务必”Do come early next time.He did go there with his brother yesterday. 即时强化练习：翻译下面句子1) 务必记住带一束花来。 .【答案】 Do remember to bring a bunch of flowers.2) 那药对病人真的有效果。 .【答案】 The medicine does have some effect on the patient.短语to ones credit 值得表扬的是on credit 赊购；赊账 do someone credit (或 do credit to someone) 为某人增光；给某人带来荣誉 The work did credit to all of us.那项工作为我们所有人带来荣誉。根据语境猜词义(1) Do you place any credit in the governments story?(2) He hasnt enough credits to get his degree. (3) They established a credit for 100, 000 dollars in favour of me. (4) Although the invention was mine, I was given no credit for it. 根据语义找匹配A. 信任 B. 借款；贷款 C. 赞扬，荣誉，功劳 D. 学分7.England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中,英格兰最大,为了方便起见,它大致被划分为三个地区。（1）convenience n. 方便,便利的事物,方便的时候,便利品convenient adj. 方便的,便利的inconvenient adj.不方便的注意：convenient做表语时，主语不能是人。it is convenient for sb.to do sth.方便某人做某事at ones convenience 在方便的时候for the convenience of 为方便起见 be convenient to sb.对某人方便for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见make a convenience of sb.(乘机)利用某人if it suits ones convenience 如果对某人方便 convenience food/store 方便食品/便利店即学即练根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。(1)Come and see me whenever _.（你方便的时候）(2)I keep my reference books near my desk _. (以求方便)(3)Gas is one of the_(现代化便利设施)the newly-built apartment building provides.(4)You may come and get it _.(你方便时)答案：(1)it is convenient to you (2)for convenience (3)modern conveniences (4)at your convenience （1）根据语境猜词义(1)The rough waves rolled the ship along. (2)The cloth feels rough. (3)Dont be so rough with her. (4)The migrant workers have had a rough life. (5)This is just a rough plan. 根据语义找匹配A粗略的；大概的B狂暴的；颠簸的；波涛汹涌的C粗野的；粗暴的；厉害的D粗糙的；高低不平的E艰苦的答案 (1)B (2)D (3)C (4)E (5)A8. Its a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.Its a pity that. it 作形式主语根据语境猜词义(1) I tried to attract her attention, but failed. (2) Venice is one of the great tourist attractions of the world. 根据语义找匹配A. 具有吸引力的事物B. 吸引链接attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；吸引人的东西attractive adj. 有吸引力的attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力用attract的正确形式填空 In Beijing, there are many (1) _,like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Tianan men Square. But what (2) _ me most is the Great Wall, which is also (3) _ to the foreigners. More and more foreigners are (4) _ by the beauty and come to China. attractions attracts attractive attracted9.You find most of the population settled in the south.settle v. 安家，安居；解决settler n.定居者settled adj.固定（下来）的，安定的settlement n. 定居reach a settlement 和解settle down 定居下来settle in (使）熟悉或习惯于（新居、工作等）settle a question=solve a question 解决问题Its settled that.=Its now decided (that).已决定10.Which country is left out?leave out 遗漏；不提及；不包括leavealone 不管；别惹；撇下。一个人leave aside 搁置一边leave for 动身去leave off 停止某事 leave out 删去，省去leave sth. behind 留下；遗忘(没拿) ；遗留leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事leave word 留下话（口信）用leave短语的适当形式填空 I was working busily when I got my wifes call that there was something wrong with my son. So I had to (1) _ the work _. Just then, my secretary came in, telling me something about the tomorrows meeting. I shouted at her, Dont talk to me. (2) _ me _.” Then I wrote a letter to my manager for 3 days off. After that, I(3) _my office _ my hometown.leave aside Leave alone left for11.For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰、和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都着不同。在参加世界杯之类的比赛时，他们有着各自的足球队！复习as well as 用法12.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你想要使你的英语之旅令人愉快又不虚此行的话，你就必须留心观察。复习keep, worthwhile及worth, worthy的区别be (well)worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be doneIts worthwhile to do sth. Its worthwhile doing sth.Part 3. Learning about Language1. take the place of 代替，取代 take place 发生；举行（不及物动词词组，无被动语态） take ones place 取代某人的职务 in place of=instead of 代替，取代 in place在适当的位置；在原处 in the first place 最初，首先，第一.用place 的短语填空：(1)We instructed her to leave everything_，just as she found it.(2)Mr Smith will go to Beijing next month，when a new English teacher will teach us_him.(3)Sending email has almost_writing letters.(4)Can you tell me what changes have_since the telephone was invented?答案：(1)in place(2)in place of(3)taken the place of(4)taken place2. pick up （1）拾起，捡起Jackturnedoverthewallethehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.杰克把在街上捡到的钱包交给了警察Hepickedupthedictionaryathandandbegantolookupthenewwordinit.他拿起手边的词典开始查找这个生词（2）中途搭载乘客，接人Thetrainstoppedseveraltimestopickuppassengers.火车沿途停了好几次,让乘客上车WaithereandIllpickyouupattwooclock.在这儿等着,两点钟我来接你（3）意外发现，学到，获得Lookingthroughtheeveningpaperlastnight,Ipickedupawonderfulpoem.昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗Whileworkinginthefactory,thestudentspickedupagreatdealofimformationonmachinery.在工厂劳动期间,学生们学到了许多关于机械方面的知识（4）收拾，整理Theteachertoldthestudentstopickupeverythingonthefloorandgettheroomtidybeforetheywentout.老师告诉学生们在出去之前把地上的东西收拾起来,把房间整理干净（5）重提(话题)，重新开始，继续Shepickedupthestorywhereshehadleftityesterday.她接着昨天没有讲完的故事往下讲Heleftfortwoyearsandthencamebackexpectingtopickupwheretheyhadleftoff.他离开(她)两年后又回来了,希望重新开始他们的关系（6）(从电台收音机)收听，接收ImanagedtopickupanAmericannewsbroadcast.我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播Itisnecessarytousealongwaveradiotopickupthe“FollowMe”program.必须用一台长波收音机才能收听到“跟我学”这个节目3. They had no time to arrange their own wedding.arrange v. 安排；排列；协商常用结构：arrange for(sth) 安排,准备arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排某事Its not necessary for parents to arrange everything for their children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。arrange to do sth. 安排做某事arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事arrange that+(should)do sth. 安排He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week.=He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.他已安排好将会议延期一周。语境活用Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow （已准备就绪）. I have (安排Tom开车去接) the experts at the airport. Im to (安排接见) Mr.Wang after that.答案：has been arranged arranged for Tom to pick up arrange to meet语法精讲过去分词作宾补作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 1.及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如： She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。3. 动词 seat, hide, dress, lose, devote 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 1.使役动词get ,have ,make, keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被”We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.2 .感官动词feel, find, hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。I was sleeping when I heard my name called. He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.I saw him beaten by his mother.3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 ：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be ，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possibleHe didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 1感feel 1闻smell 1发现find2听hear, listen to, 3情感 want, wish, like4使役 keep, leave, get, have, make4看watch, notice, see, look at, observe catch +Sth./sb. done4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态.The door was found broken.5.“with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因） 注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。 She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（ fix ones eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixing ） He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。（beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词） 掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“ have 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用 get.这一结构具有以下几种含义：1.意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行） 2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如： Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。 3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如： He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与） 4.过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。I saw her taken out of the classroom.I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.省略to的情况：1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：2） 使役动词 let, have, make：3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.语法专练1Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to have his English_in a short period of time.AimprovedBimproving Cto improveDimprove解析：句意为：李华希望他的英语老师提出一个好方法，能使他的英语可以在短时间内得以提高。本题考查have sth.done这一短语的使用。因English与动词improve之间是被动关系，故选A项。B、D项表主动关系，故排除。答案：A2When the minister came to the snowstricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims well_.Atake care ofBtook care of Ctaken care ofDtaking care of解析：考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims 与take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。答案：C3Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_with her stories.AamusedBamusing Cto amuseDto be amused解析：句意为：Lucy很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除C、D，因为keep 后不用不定式作宾补。amused 觉得好笑的；amusing 逗人笑的，令人觉得好笑的。答案：A4The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself_by a young man in black.Awas followedBfollowed CfollowingDhad been followed解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语意可知，follow和herself之间是动宾关系，因此用动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。注意：found后不是句子，A、D两项可直接排除。答案：B5Television has so many advantages.It keeps us_about the_news，and it also provides entertainment in the home.Ainformed；latestBto know；later Clearning；laterDto think；latest解析：本题考查keep sb.done的结构以及形容词的最高级的用法。句意为“电视有如此多的好处，它使我们知道最新的消息，而且给我们在家里提供娱乐”。根据句意可知第一个空白处应用informed作us的宾语补足语，表示“我们被告知”，而the latest news则表示“最新消息”。答案：A6.The bathroom looks lovely.Did you decorate it yourself or get someone _it?Abe doingBdone Cdo Dto do解析：选D。该句考查get sb.to do sth.结构，表示“让某人做某事”，所以这里选D项。7.Mrs.White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and _ very worried.Alook Blooks Clooking Dto look解析：选C。句意：怀特夫人发现她的丈夫被信件和文件包围着，看起来非常担心。surrounded by letters and papers和looking very worried都是分词短语作宾语补足语，前者表示被动,后者表示主动。8.When the Minister came to the snowstriken area,he was happy to see the disaster victims well_.Atake care of Btook care of Ctaken care of Dtaking care of解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和句意可以看出victims与take care of存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。9.“Once people think you are a liar，its hard _，no matter what youll say,”father warned his son.Afor you to make yourself believe Bfor you to make yourself believedCof you to make yourself believing Dof you to make yourself believe解析：选B。考查句型It is hard for sb.to do sth.和词组make oneself done。句意为：父亲警告儿子说：“一旦人们认为你是个骗子，那么无论你说什么，都很难让人相信你。”10.Can I help you，sir?Im afraid you cannot.I have my students papers _.Ato be graded Bgraded Cto grade Dgrade解析：选C。所填词作使役动词have的宾语补足语，逻辑主语是have的宾语my students papers，两者是被动关系，用不定式的主动式表被动的意义,选C项。Part 4. Using Language1. Worried about the time available.(1)worried about.为过去分词短语作状语，表原因。Wellknown for his expert advice，he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.他的足智多谋广为人知，因此他能帮助很多人解决私事。Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry.被故事深深地感动，孩子们开始哭了起来。When I opened the door，I found him seated in the chair，absorbed in his magazine.当我打开门，发现他坐在椅子上，专心看杂志。(2)available adj. 可利用的；有用的；可用到的Weve already used up all the available space. 所有可用的空间我们都用上了。可得到的 TV sets are available in any department store.电视机在任何一家百货公司都能买到。有空的The doctor is not available now.那位医生现在没空。有效的This film ticket is no longer available.这张电影票不再有效。2. Her first delight was going to the Tower.delight n. 快乐;高兴;喜悦 vt.使高兴； 使欣喜常用结构:take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以为乐to ones delight 令某人高兴的是delight in(doing) sth. 喜欢（做）某事delight sb. with sth. 某物使某人高兴 be delighted at sth./to do sth./that-clause 对感到高兴Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children.电影喜羊羊与灰太郎使千万小朋友获得快乐。His parents were delighted at the news that he had won the first prize.He takes great delight in proving others wrong.他以证实别人出错为一大快事。(1)单项填空 ,the bookseller gave him something else as a present. A. To the boys delight B. To the boys surprisingC. To the boys sadness D. To make the boys happyremain的用法： （1） 用作联系动词，指某人或某事物仍保持某种状态，意为“仍然；依旧”，“留；呆；住；待”，后面可接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、分词作表语。 1） 接名词作表语 It remained a secret. 这仍然是个秘密。 2） 接形容词作表语 Whatever achievements youve made, you should remain modest. 无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。 3） 接介词短语作表语 He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。 4） 接分词作表语 接过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作；现在分词作表语，表示正在进行的主动动