新概念英语第二册课堂笔记第86课.doc

_新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第86课1.Out of control 失控介词短语out of可以表示“失去”、“欠缺”等：We are out of petrol.我们的汽油用完了.He has been out of work for two months.他失业两个月了。2.As.the steering wheel came away.方向盘脱手了(1)swing round 突然掉转方向(2)come away表示“脱落”、“脱离”、“脱开”等：When I tried to drive the car, the wheels came away.当我正要开动汽车的时候，轮子掉了。3.desperately adv. 绝望地He shouted desperately, but no one can hear him.他绝望的叫喊着,但是没有人能听见他.4.who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes.在过去的15分钟里一直在滑水这里用了一个过去完成进行时,表示过去的一段时间正在进行的一个持续动作。比如有这样的一句话：In the past 15 years, he had been working to save up for a house.在过去15年中，他一直在努力的挣钱以便可以买个房子。5.Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea.他们两个还没来得及意识到究竟发生了什么事情，就被猛地抛入了海里。当然主句当中had hardly had time to do.也可以说成had had no time to do.hardlywhen表示“几乎未来得及就”，hardly用于主句中，并且主句通常用过去完成时。（参考第38课语法)6.but it continued to movecontinued to do .表示某一动作停止后又继续进行区别continued doing 表示某一动作一直进行没有停止After finding another book, he continued to read.找到另一本书后，他又开始读了起来。He continued reading for a whole day and eat nothing.他一整天都在看书，什么也没吃。7.at tremendous speed 以惊人的速度注意这里的介词用的是at，另外给大家一个句子：It runs at a speed of eighty miles an hour.它以每小时80英里的速度前进。8.swim on 继续向前游去pass on 继续传递come on 快点向前走go on 继续下去9.out of danger 脱离危险in the danger 处于.危险之中10. On this occasion, however,it had slowed down considerably.(1)on this occasion，这一次(2)considerably 非常地，很，颇He is considerably older than I (am). 他年纪比我大得多。She has aged considerably. 她已相当老了。11.The petrol had nearly all been used up.be used up表了“用完”、“用光”、“耗尽”：They have used up all the money and they have to beg.他们用光了所有的钱,只好去行乞。重点短语Out of control 失去控制hardlywhen几乎未来得及就continued to do .继续进行less than 不足out of danger 脱离危险be used up 用光新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第87课第87课A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据1.A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据alibi为法律用语，含义是“不在场证明”、“当时不在场的申辩”，是可数名词：He has an alibi/alibis for that night.他有那天晚上不在场的证据。2.At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8 oclocktrain to London.(1)at the time意为at the moment when something happened。(2)the murder was committed可以看作是定语从句修饰time, 而如果前面的词如果是the time, the moment, the way等做先行词的时候，后面的关系副词是可以省略掉的。commit vt.犯（罪），做（错事、坏事等）；A murder was committed at 8 oclockthis morning.今天早上8点钟发生了一起凶杀案。另外给大家两个短语：commit a murder 犯谋杀罪commit suicide 自杀3.catch a train 乘火车，相同的用法还有catch a busIf we come here 10 minutes earlier will catch the train(bus).如果我们能早到10分钟我们就能赶上火车(汽车).顺便给大家说一下catch you later这个短语，意思是再见的意思！4.My employer will confirm that I was there on time.我的雇主会证明我是按时到了那儿的(1)employer 雇主employee 被雇的人类似的还有interviewer面试的人interviewee被面试的人(2)confirm vt.证实，确定：His predict is confirmed.他的预言得到了证实。巩固，加强：What he saw and heard that night confirmed his belief that he will succeed.那天晚上的所见所闻使他更加坚信他会成功.(3)on time为固定短语，表示“准时”、“按时”（注意它与in time的区别)按时This teacher is never on time for class and students have to wait for him each time.这位老师从来不准时，每次总是让学生等。The girl will die unless the doctor comes in time.如果医生不及时赶到，这个女孩就有可能死。.And you didnt notice anything unusual?难道你没有注意到有什么异常情况？这是由陈述句后加问号表示的问句。6.you are not telling the truth.你没有说实话。如果说实话实说，我们可以用to call a spade a spade.Lets call a spade a spade.让我们实话实说吧！7.I suggest that you did not catch the 8 oclocktrain, but.suggest 提醒，暗示：It suggested that you didnt do well in your final exam.这表明你的期末考试考的并不好。suggest 建议，注意用虚拟语气：I suggest that he go to the hospital to have a body examination.我建议他去医院进行一次体检。8.It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line(1)break down 抛锚，出故障The car broke down in the middle of the trip.汽车在旅途中途抛锚了.(2)be taken off the line 取消航线Due to the bad weather, all the planes to this area were taken off the line.因为天气不好,所有来这个地区的飞机都改变了航线.重点词组catch a train 乘火车on time“准时”、“按时”arrive at 到达telling the truth说实话broke down 汽车抛锚be taken off the line取消航线新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第88课第88课Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里1.lose ones life 丧生，遇害例如：Fifty people lost their lives in the train accident.在这次火车事故中,有50人丧生.2.However, rescue operations are proving difficult.然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。(1)However,无论如何,不管多么, 通常用在adj.和adv.前，当“然而”讲，表转折例如:She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is.无论天气多么冷，她都敞着卧室的窗户。(表无论如何)His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他起先不同意,但是他后来改变了主意。(表转折)(2)rescue operations，营救工作。(3)prove之后带形容词（有时也可以是名词）时表示“证明是”、“结果是例如:His interview proved successful.他的面试很成功.3.,vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.collapse:(1)倒塌；With no one to repair it, the old bridge collapsed long ago.由于无人维修，那座桥早就倒塌了。(2)（因精疲力竭等）倒下；（身体等）垮掉；The thief had run more than forty miles. As soon as he shook off the police, he collapsed.那个小偷已经跑了四十多英里路了。他刚摆脱警察便（累得）倒下了。4.are therefore drilling a hole .因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词前。so表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：The new skirt is more beautiful and therefore more expensive.这件裙子更好看,因此要贵一些.He got a higher salery, therefore, he was able to rent a better flat.他的工资涨了,所以可以租一个更好的公寓.He got a higher salery, he was therefore able to rent a better flat.（译文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗号，so后面通常不用逗号）We prepared well, so we did a good job in the match.我们做了充分的准备,所以在比赛中表现的很好.5.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几小时就可以完成了。这是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。比如：If he had come here earlier, he would have been able to catch the train.如果他们来得早一些，就可以赶上火车了。（事实上，他们来晚了。）6.As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. 事实上，他们已经花了16个小时，而且还要花很长时间。(1) as it is事实上，实际上(2) a long way to go 花些工夫In order to study English well, you still have a long way to go.要把英语学好，你还要多花些工夫！7.has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest elatives.(1)to enable sb. to do sth. 使某人可以做某事The highway between cities has enabled us to travel from city to city in such a short time.城际高速公路使我们在城市之间穿行的时间大大缩短。(2)keep in touch with表示“与保持联系”，也可以用stay，get 等其他动词：Though they work in different cities, they still keep in close touch with each other.尽管他们在不同的城市工作,但是他们仍然保持着密切的联系.8.are running out of food and drink.run out of可表示“用完”、“耗尽”：They are running out of oil and the plane has to land on the field.他们的燃料都快消耗尽了,飞机不得不在稻田里降落.9.lose heart为固定搭配，表示“丧失信心/勇气”、“泄气”、“灰心”：Never lose heart,you will succeed sooner or later.别灰心,迟早你会成功的.重点短语:lose one life 失去生命on the north side of 在北侧intend to do 想(愿意)做.a long way to go 花些工夫(时间)keep in touch with 保持联系enable sb. to do sth. 使某人可以做某事run out of 用光lose heart 失去信心新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第89课第89课A slip of the tongue 口误1.A slip of the tongue，（标题）说走了嘴，失言。slip在这里表示“不经心的错误”、“失误”、“疏漏”例如:I have made a slip of the tongue when I was drunk yesterday.昨天我喝多了,有点失言。When he was nervous, he would sometimes make a slip of the tongue.当他紧张时，他有时就会发生口误。2.even if it is a bad one这里even if引导了一个让步状语从句是即使.的意思例如:He will keep the promise ,even if the condition has been changed.即使情况发生了变化,他也会遵守诺言的。3.when the news got around that a comedy. by the company.(1)注意这里that引导的是同谓语从句，that引导的从句就是news的具体内容。(2)get round在这里表示消息、谣言等“传开”（也可以用get around/about)例如:The news that he was accepted by a famous company got round quickly on the compus.他被一家著名公司录用的消息很快就再校园里面传开了.comedy 喜剧反义词tragedy 悲剧4.and there must have been .must+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事进行推测（其否定式为cant+have+过去分词，He must have met many girls before, because he can make girls happy so easily.他以前一定和许多女孩交往过,因为他很容易就能使女孩子开心.The player cant have rested well yesterday, as he looks very tired in the competition.这位运动员昨天肯定没有休息好,他看上去很疲劳.5.many of the artistes who should have appeared.should/ought to+have+过去分词表示本来应该做而实际未做的事，参考第65课语法：She should have walked in the main street. 她本应该走大道，说明实际上她走的是小街道。6.The only funny things .funny adj.(1)funny通常表示“有趣的”、“滑稽的”、“逗人发笑的”，与amusing同义：We do find his jokes very funny.我们发现他讲的笑话很好笑.(2)在口语中，funny也可以表示“反常的”、“古怪的”、“奇怪的”等含义：I thought there was something funny about the room, so I phoned the police.我觉得那个房间有点古怪，所以就给警察打了电话。7.As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.但他刚一开口说话，人们便哄堂大笑起来。burst out为固定短语，其含义之一为“突然起来”，后面通常接动名词，也可以接in/into+名词：At the sight of the jester, everyone burst out laughing/in laughter.一看见小丑，大家便大笑起来。When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying.当她听说父亲在事故中丧生，她放声大哭起来。重要短语:a slip of the tongue 口误even if 即使get round 传开to queue for a long time 等候很长时间at the beginning of 在开始的时候for some minutes 一段时间As soon as 一.就新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第90课第90课Whats for supper? 晚餐吃什么？1.Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the ocean have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直收到英国人的欢迎，但是随着海洋捕捞泛滥，鱼也变得越来越昂贵。(1)这里Fish and chips是英国人喜欢的一道菜,后面谓语动词则要用单数，dish在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”(2)as表示因为，引导的是原因状语从句,相当于because(3)overfished过度捕杀的意思over+V表示过度- -或太- -例如：overdress 过分打扮overeat 吃的太多(4)more and more 越来越多反义less and less 越来越少2.So it comes as a surprise to learn that .这里it是to learn 的形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,这样的句子在英语中很多,为的是使句子结构不头重脚轻,例如:It is difficult for us to solve this problem right now.3. ., who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, (潜水员)常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作(的人员)。这是一个非限定性定语从句，对主句中的名词divers进行补充说明，因此这个从句与主句用逗号隔开。4. divers.have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work.(1)out of their wits 表示“失去理智”、“惊慌失措例如:She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire.大火吓得她惊慌失措。Are you out of your wits?你疯了吗？(2)bump into的含义之一是“碰上”、“撞上”：Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.那醉汉在黑夜中闲荡时撞到了一个警察的身上。bump into也可以表示“偶然遇见”、“碰见”（多用于口语）：I bumped into Jane at the conference.我开会时碰见了简。5.Now they have special cages made to protect them from these monsters.现在他们让人做了一个笼子，以保护他们不会受到怪物的攻击。(1)have sth. done 让别人做什么东西，但是如果have后面是人的话，就应该说have sb. do sth. 因为sb.和动词之间是主动关系。(2)protect sb. from 使某人免于，保护某人以免.类似的短语有:keep sb. from the grasslandprevent sb. from doing sostop sb. from going6.sometimes as 10 much as twelve feet in length.as . as 达到与.相同的程度例如:as tall as 与.一样高as long as与.一样长7.the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs, 钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。(1)total在这里表示“完全的”、“彻底的”（相当于complete）：His letter is a total surprise to her.他的来信完全出乎她的意料之外。That girl is a total stranger to me.我根本不认识那姑娘。(2)absence of表示“缺少”、“不存在”：These plants dont grow well because of the absence of rain/sunshine.由于缺乏雨水/阳光，这些植物长得不好。8as a result，结果，因此。He didnt work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination.他没有用功学数学。因此，他考试没及格。重点词组1.out of ones wits“失去理智”、“惊慌失措”2.bump into“碰上”、“撞上”3.protect . from 保护.免于.4.as . as 达到与.相同的程度5.absence of“缺少”、“不存在”6.as a result，结果，因此新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第91课第91课Three men in a basket 三人同篮1.A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一个飞行员发现了一只气球，它像是正飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。(1)这是定语从句。seem后接不定式的进行式，是“似乎正在进行某事”的意思.句中to be making for为不定式的进行式，表示正在进行的动作，例如：He seems to thinking about something important.他似乎正在琢磨一些重要事。(2)make for走向,向.前进,例如：When the bus stopped, he quickly made for the door.汽车一停，他就快步走向车门。2. He informed the station at once .(1)句中at once立即，马上。例如：He left the house at once.他马上离开那所房子。(2)mystery n.神秘, 神秘的事物mysteriousWho had taken away the photo? It was a mystery.谁把照片拿走了，这是一个谜！3. He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object.他说有可能有人正对基地进行侦察，因此命令那个飞行员跟踪那个奇怪的飞行物。(1)might be doing sth表示对正在进行的动作的推测，这里表示可能有人在侦察这个基地！(2)spyvi暗中监视；侦察（通常与on，upon连用）：spy on their movements暗中监视他们的活动vt发现，看见：I spy someone coming near.我发现有人走近。n间谍，密探：The spy was arrested.间谍被捕了。(3)keep track of 为固定短语，表示“追踪”、“保持联系”，例如：It is hard to keep track of all old friends.与所有老朋友保持联系是很困难的。4.He could make out three men in a basket .句中make out，看出，辨认出。例如：Can you make out what the note says?你看的见通知上写的是什么吗？5.the pilot saw one of the men, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs.句中take photographs为拍相片take pictures 也有同样的意思Say cheese 笑一笑！6. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield.soon afterwards=later on, later, after a whiledescend 反义词是ascend, 攀登，上升airfield=air station7.The police were called in.句中call in表示“召来”：例如If you refused to pay, I will call in the police.如果你拒绝付款，我就叫警察来。重要短语make for，走向，飞向keep track of，跟踪make out，看出，辨认出at once，立即take photographs，拍相片call in，召来order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第92课第92课Asking for trouble 自找麻烦1. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, 句中(1)try to试图I try to arrive there at half past 6.我试图6点半到那。(2)fast asleep 熟睡=to be sleeping deeply2.I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night. 我看不必在夜里这个时侯擦窗子吧。(1)句中I dont think，当think后接表示否定意思的宾语从句时，通常在主句中使用否定形式，但译成汉语时否定意义仍在宾语从句中(2)need cleaning 的含义相当于need to be cleaned。need 表示“需要”时，后面接的动名词有被动的含义，例如：My clothes needs washing.我的衣服需要洗了。(3) at this time of在. 这个时候3. I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder .fall off掉下，例如：At the very beginning of learning bicycle,I often fell off .一开始学骑车时，我总摔下来。4. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did.我立刻后悔不该那样回答。在regret后面可接动名词，也可接动词不定式，但表示的意思不一样。接动名词是对已发生的事情表示后悔，而接动词不定式则是对现在要发生的事表示抱歉。I regret posting the card.我后悔寄了那张卡片。I regret to post the card.我要去寄那张卡片，对此我感到抱歉。5.So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. 我也是的。这是接前面一句话“I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”当前面一句话的谓语也适用于后一句时，可用so(肯定)或neither(否定)开头，然后接倒装语序。所以有so do I, so can I, Neither do I,等等。tone n.新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第93课第93课A noble gift 崇高的礼物1One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to by the people of France. 世界上最著名的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是由法国人民赠送给的。(1)one of 引导的短语（其后面名词要用复数）与the Statue of为同位语。(2)the people 通常指某个国家的人民，指复数的“人们”时通常不用theHe denoted all himself to the people in his country.他把自己的一切都奉献给了人民。He never pays attention to what people say.他从不在乎人们会说什么。2.it took ten years to complete.take some time to do sth 花费多少时间完成某事It will take me a whole day to download this software.下载这个软件要花费我一整天的时间。3.The actual figure was made of copper 这座雕像的主体是用铜制成的made of指用某种材料制成，并且原材料的性质或形状没变，从成品可以看出其原材料。be made from则指原材料的性质或形状已经改变，从成品不可以看出其原材料Chairs are made of woods.椅子是用木材作成的paper is made from woods and some other materials.纸是由木材和一些其他的材料制成的。4.(1)运输词型相近的词transport 运输transfer转移translation 翻译transmit 传输信号(2)a site had to be found for ithave to do sth 表示客观上需要做某事The war is going to break out, you have to leave that area.战争就要爆发了，你不得不离开哪个地区了。而must 指主观上的感情色彩You must tidy your room everyday. 你每天都要打扫你的房间。6. By the end of October 1886, .(1)By the end of到。结束为止后面常用完成时By the end of the month, we have completed half of the sales plan of the whole year.到这个月底我们已经完成年度销售计划的一半。(2)put together 把.放到一起，与take .to pieces意思正好相反。比如说：You have to put all these books together, for it is so crowded here. 你必须把这些书放在一起，因为这里太拥挤了。(3)be presented to sb. 把什么送给某人7.pass through 通过，强调从其中间通过They passed through the forest at midnight, and met something strange.他们在午夜通过那个森林，碰见了一些其奇怪的事情。8.to make their homes in America，在美国安家落户。make ones home 表示“定居”、“居住”。Ian has left Englandand made his home in China.伊恩已离开英国，并在中国安了家。重要词组take some time to do sth 花费多少时间完成某事made of 由.作成(看得出质地)be made from 由.作成(看不出质地)have to do sth 不得不做put together 把装配组合起来by the end of 到。结束为止pass through 通过新概念英语第二册课堂笔记 第94课第94课Future champions 未来的冠军1.Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age实验证明，儿童在很小的时候就可以开始学习游泳。be instructed in doing sth 被引导做某事学习做某事Young boys are easily instructed in doing sth bad.小男孩很容易被坏人引导去做坏事。instruct vt(1)指导，教，传授：Dan instructs chemistry at a nearby college.丹在附近的一所学院教化学。(2)指示，命令，吩咐：Ive been instructed to take place of you.我奉命代替你的职位。2.children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk孩子们甚至在还没有学会走路时就已经能熟练地在水下屏住呼吸了。(1)expert表示“熟练者”、“专家”，后面通常跟atin+ doing sth结构Tom soon became an expert at tranlating. 汤姆不久便成了翻译专家了。(2)hold ones breath