人教版 八(下)unit 3 section a-4课件

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 翻译下列句子。 1. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 这一周她没有做任何家务，我也没做。 2. “What happened?” she asked in surprise. 3. Hes not good at swimming, nor am I. 4. I have to go to school as soon as possible. 她惊讶的问道：“发生什么事情了？” 他不擅长游泳，我也不。 我得尽早去学校。 enjoy dinner with my family. A: Mum, could I go out for dinner with my friends? B: Sure, that should be OK. A: Could I get something to drink with my friends after the movie? B: Sure, you can. A: Could I get something to drink with my friends after the movie? B: No, you cant, you have a basketball game tomorrow. take the dog for a walk 遛狗 A: Can you please take the dog for a walk? B: OK, but I want to watch one show first. take out the rubbish 扔垃圾 A: Can you please take out the rubbish? B: Yes, sure. Could I go out for dinner with my friends? Sure, that should be OK. Could we get something to drink after the movie? No, you cant, you have a basketball game tomorrow. Grammar Focus Could you please take the dog for a walk? OK, but I want to watch one show first. Could you please take out the rubbish? Yes, sure. 只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, must 可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to 情态动词的语法特征 1) 情态动词不能单独作谓语 , 除 ought和have外 , 后面只能接不带 to的不定式。 2) 情态动词没有人称 , 数的变化 , 但有些情态动词 , 如 can、 will也有一般式和过去式的变化。 3) 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志 , 不少情况下 , 情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。 1) can的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力。 e.g. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话者的推测 事物的可能性等。 e.g. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中 , can可以表示请求或允许。 e.g. Can I sit here? can 和 could： can表示“能够”时与短语 be able to同义 ，但 can只用于一般现在时或过去时 ，而 后者可用于各种时态 。另外， can表示个人有某种能力，而 be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于 succeed in doing sth.；叙述过去事实时，最好用 was / were able to，因为 could只表示过去具有某种能力。 e.g. Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using? Two years later, he was able to speak very good Chinese. 2) could的主要用法是： A. could 是 can的过去式 , 表示与过去有关 的能力和推测。 e.g. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替 can表示请求 , 但语气较 can客气、委婉。 e.g. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3) can和 could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做了某事。 can用在否定和疑问句中 , 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on. 注意：以 could或 would提问时，不能再以 could或 would作答，而应该用 can或 will。 e.g. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you can. 情态动词用法小结 1. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情 , 只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2. 情态动词除 ought 和 have 外 , 后面只能接不带 to 的不定式。 3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即情 态动词第三人称单数不加 -s。 4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不 定式、分词等形式。 could与 can的区别 could与 can都是情态动词 , could是 can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求 , 但是用法稍有不同。 can 表示一般性的请求，语气随便 , 常用 于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈 ,上级对下级的 场合。 e.g. Can you tell us your story, Tony ? 托尼，你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？ could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉， 常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级 对上级的场合。 e.g. - Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? - Sure. - 请告诉我们 , 澳大利亚冬天下雪吗 ? - 当然可以。 注意： 1. 提出委婉的请求在回答中不可用 could。 e.g. A: Could I have the television on? B: Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 2. 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑用 couldnt。 e.g. He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 may和 might 表示允许或请求 ; 表示没有把握的推测 ; may放在句首 , 表示祝愿。 e.g. May God bless you! He might be at home. 注意 : might 表示推测时 , 不表示时态，只 是可能性比 may小。 have to和 must 1. 两词都是 “必须”的意思 , have to 表示 客观的需要 , must 表示说话人主观上 的看法 , 既主观上的必要。 e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，所以我只得半夜里 把医生请来。 (客观上需要做这件事 ) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。 (主观上要做这件事 ) 2. have to 有人称、数、时态的变化 ,而 must只有一种形式。但 must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3. 在否定结构中 : dont have to 表示 “不必” , mustnt 表示“禁止”。 e.g. You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 4a. Write R for requests and P for permissions. Then match each one with the correct response. 1._ Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 2. _ Could you please pass me the salt? 3._ Could I borrow that book? 4._ Could you help me do the dishes? 5._ Could you lend me some money? P R P R R a.Yes, here you are. b. Hmm. How much do you need? c. Yes, sure. No problem. I finished reading it last night. d. Yes, but dont come back too late. e. No, I cant. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet. 1d 2-a 3-c 4-e 5-b 4b Fill in the blanks in the conversation. A: I hate to_ chores. B: Well, I also hate some chores, but I like other chores. A: Really? Great! _I ask you to_ me with some chores then? B: What do you need help with ? A: _ you please _my clothes for me? B: I dont want to do that! Its boring! do help Could fold Could A: OK. Then_ you _do the dishes for me? B: Sure, no problem. But_ we go to the movies after that? A: Sure, Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. Then we can go to the movies. could please could 4c Make a list of things your group needs to do for a camping trip. Then discuss who will do them and complete the chart. A: Could you please bring a tent, Liu Chang? B: Sure. And could you please ? C: Sorry, I cant. I have to Todo list Name Bring a tent Liu Chang Pair work 用情态动词 can/could, cant, may, must, mustnt , neednt填空。 1. - _ you come and play with us now? - Im afraid I _. I _ do the cooking. I _ come later. 2. - _ we clean the windows today? - No, you _. You _ clean them tomorrow. Could cant must can Must neednt can 3. - _ I watch TV this evening, mum? - No, you _. Work _ come first. 4. - _ I come in, please? -Yes, please. 5. Excuse me. _ you tell me the