2019年高中英语Module6AnimalsindangerSectionⅢGrammar—复习定语从句教案外研版必修5.docx

Section Grammar 复习定语从句语法图解探究发现On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls.In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve the huge national park on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.我的发现(1)以上各句中黑体部分在定语从句中分别担当什么成分？句中作定语；句中作主语；句中作地点状语。(2)哪些句子中的which可用that替代？句中的which可用that替代。在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。本模块主要复习由关系词和“介词关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句。一、引导定语从句的关系词1引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系代词who指人主语、宾语、表语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语that既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语whose既指人又指物定语as既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语关系副词when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语why指原因原因状语I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。This is the place where (at which) Jack parks his car.这是杰克停车的地方。The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。The person whom you met yesterday is an honest man.昨天你遇到的那个人是一个诚实的人。Such books as you borrowed are of great use.你借的这样的书很有用。2that和which引导的定语从句的区别that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但两者存在着不同。用that不用which的情况先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时先行词被any, few, little, much, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that介词后边用which不用that先行词为that/those时Tell me everything that you know.把你所知道的一切都告诉我吧。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。即时演练1(1)用适当的关系词填空(2017北京高考改编)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.Can you show me a case where this phrase is often misused by Chinese students, Mr Brown?Those people who/whom/that the boss interviewed are applicants for the job.The reason why he was fired was not known to us.(2)用which或that填空He is the very person that I want to talk to.They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.二、“介词关系代词”的用法1“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose, which或whom，不用that。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔。2“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。关系代词前介词选择三原则： 一先，二动，三意义。(1)一先，即根据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I will never forget the day on which we moved into our new house.我永远不会忘记我们搬进新居的那一天。(2)二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。He is the model from whom we should learn.他是我们应该学习的榜样。(3)三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Look at the building over which is flying a red flag. Its where I work.看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。3“介词关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, one, few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等介词关系代词”结构。Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。即时演练2(1)用适当的介词填空Air, without which man cant live, is really important.The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed.I dont know the reason for which he was late for school.(2)用“介词关系代词”完成下列句子(2016浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none_of_which_has_been_proved (没有一个被证实)Trading leather shoes is the business to_which_the_Greens_are_devoted (格林一家所致力于的)(devote)There are two buildings there, the_larger_of_which_stands_nearly (较大的那栋大约有) a hundred feet tall. (stand)三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.关系代词作动词的宾语时可省略2有时可以用that代替who/which1.关系代词作动词的宾语时不可省略2不可以用that代替who/whichI will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.我永远不会忘记遇见刘先生的那一天。This is the man who helped me.这就是帮我的那个人。Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。名师点津非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用“逗号”分开，并且不能加入and, but, so等连接词。并列句一般由and, but, so等词连接。He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(非限制性定语从句)He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(并列句)那个男孩擦了窗户，他付给那个男孩10美元。那些窗户的大部分已经至少一年没有擦了。即时演练3(1)完成句子(2016天津高考改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when_the_weather_may_be_better.我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。Where is the dictionary which_I_bought_yesterday?我昨天买的那本词典在哪儿？He suddenly fell ill, which_prevented_him_from going to school.他突然生病，不能去上学了。(2)句型转换She heard a terrible noise and it brought her heart into her mouth.She heard a terrible noise, which_brought her heart into her mouth.These articles are written in simple language to make it easy to read.These articles are written in simple language, which_makes_it_easy to read.四、as与which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，它们的用法区别主要体现在以下几个方面：1关系代词代替主句中某一个名词或词组，并对该名词或词组进行补充和说明时，只能用which引导。Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.北京是中国的首都，它是一座非常美丽的城市。2当指代前面整个句子时，which只能置于主句之后，as位置灵活，可前、可后、可中间；as有“正如，像”之意，which无此意；as作主语时常与被动结构相连，或作宾语。He finished the task in time, as we had expected.他及时完成了任务，正如我们所预料的那样。即时演练4用as/which引导的定语从句完成句子He is a great hero, as_is_described in the report.正如在报道中描述的一样，他是一个伟大的英雄。Her role in the performance was spoken highly of, which_made_her_proud.她在表演中扮演的角色受到高度表扬，这使她很自豪。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which_was_understandable.在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。The book is very interesting, as_most_readers_say.正如大多数读者所说的那样，这本书很有趣。.单句语法填空1A football fan is a person who/that has a strong interest in football.2Can you lend me the novel which/that you read the other day?3I have bought the same dress as she is wearing.4As is known to all, the compass (指南针) was first made in China.5She is one of the few girls whose grade is above average.6This is the best film that I have seen.7I know the student from whom I borrowed the book.8The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.9Do you still remember the day when we first met?10This is the reason why he didnt attend the lecture.单句写作1(2017全国卷书面表达)We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。2(2016全国卷书面表达)How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination is over and_we_are_free?等考试结束后，我们都有时间的时候，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？3(2015全国卷书面表达)The column “Foreign Cultures”， which_aims_to_introduce festival customs and the life of high school students in foreign countries, is popular among the students.“外国文化”栏目在学生中很受欢迎，它旨在介绍外国的节日传统和高中生的生活。4(2015全国卷书面表达)Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which_we_hope_will_make_them_happy.我们将在一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过非常美好的时光，我们希望这会使他们快乐。5(2015重庆高考写作)Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people who_share_the same interest through this activity.其次，通过这个活动，我可以结识可以分享共同兴趣的人。6The computer which/that_I_wanted_to_buy was sold out.我想买的那款计算机卖完了。7We should do everything that_is_useful_to_the_people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。8When we talk ab